The Cosmic Ice Laboratory

Dr. Reggie Hudson Astrochemistry Laboratory, Code 691 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD 20771 Office Phone: (301) 286-6961 reggie.hudson@nasa.gov hudsonrl@eckerd.edu

Present and Recent Positions

Lead Scientist, Cosmic Ice Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
2009 - present

Lecturer, Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland
2010 - 2018

Associate Chief, Astrochemistry Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
2011 - 2018

Acting Chief, Planetary Systems Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
2010 - 2011

Faculty Member, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, Florida
1978 - 2008, tenured in 1984, Professor of Chemistry after 1991

Education

1985 - 1986, Post-doctoral research, University College London
1978 - Ph.D., Physical Chemistry, University of Tennessee
1974 - A.B., Chemistry and Mathematics, Pfeiffer University (Misenheimer, NC)

Research Areas

Chemistry and physics of cosmic ices, especially those of the interstellar medium, comets, TNOs, the Pluto-Charon system, Jupiter's and Saturn's satellites, and Mars
Low-temperature astrophysics/astrochemistry of interstellar regions
Radiation chemistry, photochemistry, and thermal chemistry applied to astronomical problems
Molecular spectroscopy applied to molecular structure, bonding, and reactions of astronomical solids

Astrobiology - planetary systems, prebiotic chemistry

Teaching Areas

Courses in physical chemistry, astrobiology, and astronomy
Courses in introductory chemistry and in the history and methods of science
Courses in Eckerd College's Honors Program (served as program's first director)

John M. Bevan Teaching Excellence and Campus Leadership Award (Eckerd College, 2008)
Lloyd W. Chapin Award for Excellence in Scholarship (Eckerd College, 2005)

Professional Societies

American Astronomical Society: Laboratory Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences Divisions
American Chemical Society: Chemical Education, Physical Chemistry, and History of Chemistry Divisions
Chair, American Chemical Society's Astrochemistry Subdivision (2016 - 2017)
International Astronomical Union
Royal Society of Chemistry (U.K.): Astrochemistry, Education, History of Chemistry, and Faraday Divisions
American Geophysical Union: Planetary Sciences Section
Coblentz Society
Sigma Xi (Life Member)

Some Recent Professional Activities

Founding member of the astrobiology team at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
Member of Goddard's DREAM2 team - funded by NASA's SSERVI program
Manuscript reviewer for The Astrophysical Journal, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Science, Nature, Icarus, Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets, Planetary and Space Science, Astrobiology, Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Chemical Physics, Chemical Physics Letters, Molecular Physics, Journal of Physical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Journal of Chemical Education, and Spectrochemica Acta
Proposal reviewer for NASA programs in Astrophysics Research and Analysis, Emerging Worlds, Planetary Atmospheres, Outer Planets Research, Cassini Data Analysis, Planetary Geology and Geophysics, and Exobiology
Presentations at meetings of the American Astronomical Society, American Geophysical Union, NASA Astrobiology Institute, and the American Chemical Society
Presentations at meetings of the Congress of Space Researchers (COSPAR)
Presentations at "Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors" meetings
Presentations at workshops on Kuiper-Belt objects, outer planets, the Pluto-Charon system, space weathering, solid-state astrochemistry, and solar-system ices

Grant Support

Research - Continuous grant support from NASA for astrochemical and planetary science research from 1991 to the present; most recent grant support from NASA's Astrophysics Research and Analysis, Emerging Worlds, Exobiology, Planetary Atmospheres, Outer Planets Research, Cassini Data Analysis, and Planetary Geology and Geophysics programs

Teaching - Support from the NSF Instrumentation Program and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute; numerous internal grants from Eckerd College

Selected Refereed Publications from the Cosmic Ice Laboratory

Hudson, R. L. and Gerakines, P. A. (2023). Influences on IR Spectra of Benzene Ices for Titan, Comets, and Beyond: Annealings, Artifacts, and Isosbestic Points. The Planetary Science Journal, accepted - in press.

Hudson, R. L., Gerakines, P. A., Yarnall, Y. Y., (2023). Infrared Spectra and Optical Constants of Astronomical Ices: V. Cyclopropane and Ethylene Oxide Icarus, 396, 115499 (11 pages).

Qasim, D., McLain, H., Aponte, J., Glavin, D. P., Dworkin, J. P., and Materese, C. K. (2023). Meteorite Parent Bodies Aqueous Alteration Simulations of Interstellar Residue Analogs. ACS Earth & Space Science, 7, 156.

Materese, C. K. (2022). Radiation Induced D-to-H Exchange in Ices Containing Ethane or Benzene: Reactions and Rate Constants. The Astrophysical Journal, 941, 1 (8 pages).

Yarnall, Y. Y. and Hudson, R. L. (2022). Infrared Intensities of Methyl Acetate, an Interstellar Compound - Comparisons of Three Organic Esters. Spectrochimica Acta, 283, 121738 (8 pages).

Hudson, R. L. (2022). Infrared Spectra of Benzene Ices: Reexamination and Comparison of Two Recent Papers and the Literature. Icarus, 384, 115091 (3 pages).

Hudson, R. L., Yarnall, Y. Y., and Gerakines, P. A. (2022). Benzene Vapor Pressures at Titan Temperatures: First Microbalance Results. The Planetary Science Journal, 3, 1 (6 pages).

Hudson, R. L. and Yarnall, Y. Y. (2022). Infrared Spectra and Intensities of Amorphous and Crystalline Allene. ACS Earth & Space Science, 6, 1163.

Yarnall, Y. Y. and Hudson, R. L. (2022). A New Method for Measuring IR Band Strengths in H2O-Ices: First Results for OCS, H2S, and SO2. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 91, L4.

Qasim, D., Hudson, R. L., and Materese, C. K. (2022). Measured Radiation-Induced D/H Exchange Rate Constants in Aliphatics Embedded in Water Ice. The Astrophysical Journal, 929, 176.

Hudson, R. L., Yarnall, Y. Y., and Gerakines, P. A. (2022). Infrared Spectral Intensities of Amine Ices, Precursors to Amino Acids. Astrobiology, 22, 452.

Gerakines, P. A., Qasim, D., Frail, S., and Hudson, R. L. (2022). Radiolytic Destruction of Uracil in Interstellar and Solar System Ices. Astrobiology, 22, 233.

Hudson, R. L. and Yarnall, Y. Y. (2022). Infrared Spectra and Optical Constants of Astronomical Ices: IV. Benzene and Pyridine. Icarus, 377, 1 (9 pages).

Hudson, R. L., Gerakines, P. A., and Yarnall, Y. Y. (2022). Ammonia Ices Revisited: New IR Intensities and Optical Constants for Solid NH₃. The Astrophysical Journal, 925, 1 (8 pages).

Yarnall, Y. Y. and Hudson, R. L. (2022). Crystalline Ices - Densities and Comparisons for Planetary and Interstellar Applications. Icarus, 373, 1 (4 pages).

Gerakines, P. A., Yarnall Y. Y., and Hudson, R. L. (2022). Direct Measurements of Infrared Intensities of HCN and H₂O + HCN Ices for Laboratory and Observational Astrochemistry. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 509, 3515-3522.

McLain, J. L., Loeffler, M. J., Farrell, W. M., Honniball, C. I., Keller, J. W., and Hudson, R. L. (2021). Hydroxylation of Apollo 17 Soil Sample 78421 by Solar Wind Protons. J. Geophys. Res., 1 (10 pages).

Hudson, R. L., Yarnall, Y. Y., Gerakines, P. A., and Coones, R. T. (2021). Infrared Spectra and Optical Constants of Astronomical Ices: III. Propane, Propylene, and Propyne. Icarus, 354, 114033.

Materese, C. K., Gerakines, P. A., and Hudson, R. L. (2021). Laboratory Studies of Astronomical Ices - Reaction Chemistry and Spectroscopy. Accounts of Chemical Research, 54, 280-290.

Gerakines, P. A. and Hudson, R. L. (2020). A Modified Algorithm and Open-Source Computational Package for the Determination of Infrared Optical Constants Relevant to Astrophysics. The Astrophysical Journal, 901, 1 (10 pages).

Yarnall, Y. Y., Gerakines, P. A., and Hudson, R. L. (2020). Propanal, an Interstellar Aldehyde - First Infrared Band Strengths and Other Properties of the Amorphous and Crystalline Forms. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 494 4606-4615.

Materese, C. K., Gerakines, P. A., and Hudson, R. L. (2020). The Radiation Stability of Thymine in Solid H₂O. Astrobiology, 20, 1 (8 pages).

Hudson, R. L., Yarnall, Y. Y., and Coleman, F. C. (2020). Infrared Band Strengths and Other Properties of Amorphous and Crystalline Dimethyl Ether. Spectrochimica Acta, 233, 1 (5 pages).

Hudson, R. L. and Ferrante, R. F. (2020). Mid-Infrared Spectra of Dipropargyl Ether Ices Revisited. Spectrochimica Acta, 233, 1 (5 pages).

Hudson, R. L., Loeffler, M. J., Ferrante, R. F., Gerakines, P. A., and Coleman, F. M. (2020). Testing Densities and Refractive Indices of Extraterrestrial Ice Components Using Molecular Structures - Organic Compounds and Molar Refractions. The Astrophysical Journal , 891, 1 (10 pages).

Hudson, R. L. and Ferrante, R. F. (2020). Quantifying Acetaldehyde in Astronomical Ices and Laboratory Analogues: IR Spectra, Intensities, ¹³C Shifts, and Radiation Chemistry. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 492, 283-293.

Hudson, R. L. (2020). Preparation, Identification, and Low-Temperature Infrared Spectra of Two Elusive Crystalline Nitrile Ices. Icarus, 338, 113548 (9 pages).

Hudson, R. L. and Coleman, F. M. (2019). Solid-State Isomerization and Infrared Band Strengths of Two Conformational Isomers of Cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde, A Candidate Interstellar Molecule. ACS Earth & Space Chemistry, 3, 1182-1188.

Hudson, R. L. and Coleman, F. M. (2019). Infrared Intensities and Molar Refraction of Amorphous Dimethyl Carbonate - Comparisons to Four Interstellar Molecules. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 211, 11284-11289.

Hudson, R. L. and Gerakines, P. A. (2019). Molecular Identifications in Experiments with Astronomical Ice Analogs: New Data, Old Strategies, and the N₂ + Acetone System. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 485, 861-871.

Hudson, R. L. and Gerakines, P. A. (2019). Propynal, an Interstellar Molecule with an Exceptionally Strong C≡C Infrared Band - Laboratory Infrared Data and Applications. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 482, 4009-4017.

Hudson, R. L. and Mullikin, E. F. (2019). Infrared Band Strengths for Amorphous and Crystalline Methyl Propionate, a Candidate Interstellar Molecule. Spectrochimica Acta, 207, 216-221. PDF

Hudson, R. L. (2018). N₂ Chemistry in Interstellar and Planetary Ices: Radiation-Driven Oxidation. The Astrophysical Journal, 867, 1-11. PDF

Hudson, R. L. and Gerakines, P. A. (2018). Infrared Spectra and Interstellar Sulfur - New Laboratory Results for H₂S and Four Malodorous Thiol Ices. The Astrophysical Journal, 867, 2-8. PDF

Hudson, R. L. and Moore, M. H. (2018). Interstellar Ices and Radiation-Induced Oxidations of Alcohols. The Astrophysical Journal, 857, 1-8. PDF

Hudson, R. L. (2018). Radiation Chemistry of Solid Acetone in the Interstellar Medium - A New Dimension to an Old Problem. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 20, 5389-5398. PDF

Hudson, R. L., Gerakines, P. A., and Ferrante, R. F. (2018). IR Spectra and Properties of Solid Acetone, an Interstellar and Cometary Molecule. Spectrochimica Acta, 193, 33-39. PDF

Loeffler, M. J., and Hudson, R. L. (2018). Coloring Jupiter's Clouds: Radiolysis of Ammonium Hydrosulfide (NH₄SH). Icarus, 216. PDF

Sella, A. and Hudson, R. L., (May 2017). Houskeeper's Seal. Chemistry World , 70. - Authorship correction on page 4 of the June 2017 issue. PDF

Hudson, R. L. (2017). An IR Investigation of Solid Amorphous Ethanol - Spectra, Properties, and Phase Changes. Spectrochimica Acta, 187, 82-86. PDF

Hudson, R. L., Loeffler, M. J., and Yocum, K. M. (2017). Laboratory Investigations into the Spectra and Origin of Propylene Oxide, a Chiral Interstellar Molecule. The Astrophysical Journal, 835, 225. PDF

Hudson, R. L., Loeffler, M. J., and Gerakines, P. A. (2017). Infrared Spectra and Band Strengths of Amorphous and Crystalline N₂O. Journal of Chemical Physics, 146, 0243304. PDF

Hudson, R. L. (2016). Infrared Spectra and Band Strengths of CH₃SH, an Interstellar Molecule. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics , 18, 25756-25763. PDF

Loeffler, M. J., and Hudson, R. L. (2016). What is Eating Ozone? Thermal Reactions between SO₂ and O₃: Implications for Icy Environments. The Astrophysical Journal, 833, L9.

Loeffler, M. J., Moore, M. H., and Gerakines, P. A. (2016). The Effects of Experimental Conditions on the Refractive Index and Density of Low-Temperature Ices: Solid Carbon Dioxide, The Astrophysical Journal, 827, 98.

Loeffler, M. J., Hudson, R. L., Chanover, N. J., and Simon, A. A. (2016). The Spectrum of Jupiter's Great Red Spot: The Case for Ammonium Hydrosulfide (NH4SH), Icarus, 271, 265-268.

Loeffler, M. J., Hudson, R. L., Chanover, N. J., and Simon, A. A. (2015). Giant-planet Chemistry: Ammonium Hydrosulfide (NH₄SH), its IR Spectra and Thermal and Radiolytic Stabilities. Icarus, 258, 181-191.

Gerakines, P. A. and Hudson, R. L. (2015). First Infrared Band Strengths for Amorphous CO₂, an Overlooked Component of Interstellar Ices. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 808, L40-L46. PDF

Smith, K. E., Gerakines, P. A., and Callahan, M. P. (2015). Metabolic Precursors in Astrophysical Ice Analogs. Chemical Communications, DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03272e

Gerakines, P. A. and Hudson, R. L. (2015). The Infrared Spectra and Optical Constants of Elusive Amorphous Methane. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 805, L20-L24. PDF

Hudson, R. L., Gerakines, P. A., and Loeffler, M. (2015). Activation of Weak IR Fundamentals of Two Species of Astrochemical Interest in the T_d Point Group - The Importance of Amorphous Ices. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 17, 12545-12552. PDF

Loeffler, M. and Hudson, R. L. (2015). Descent without Modification? The Thermal Chemistry of H₂O₂ on Europa and Other Icy Worlds. Astrobiology, 15, 453-461 PDF - preprint

Gerakines, P. A. and Hudson, R. L. (2015). The Radiation Stability of Glycine in Solid CO₂ - In situ Laboratory Measurements with Applications to Mars. Icarus, 252, 466-472. PDF

Hudson, R. L., Gerakines, P. A., and Moore, M. H. (2014). Infrared Spectra and Optical Constants of Astronomical Ices: II. Ethane and Ethylene. Icarus, 243, 148-147. PDF

Hudson, R. L., Ferrante, R. F., and Moore, M. H. (2014). Infrared Spectra and Optical Constants of Astronomical Ices: I. Amorphous and Crystalline Acetylene. Icarus, 228, 276-287. PDF

Smith, K. E., Callahan, M. P., Gerakines, P. A., Dworkin, J. P., and House, C. H. (2014). Investigation of Pyridine Carboxylic Acids in CM2 Carbonaceous Chondrites: Potential Precursor Molecules for Ancient Coenzymes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 136, 1-12. PDF

Hudson, R. L. and Loeffler, M. J. (2013). Ketene Formation in Interstellar Ices: A Laboratory Study. The Astrophysical Journal, 773, 773-782. PDF

Callahan, M. P., Gerakines, P. A., Martin, M. G., Peeters, Z., and Hudson, R. L. (2013). Irradiated Benzene Ice Provides Clues to Meteoritic Organic Chemistry. Icarus, 226, 1201-1209. PDF

Loeffler, M. and Hudson, R. L. (2013). Low-temperature Thermal Reactions between SO₂ and H₂O₂ and their Relevance to the Jovian Icy Satellites. Icarus, 224, 257-259. PDF

Gerakines, P. A. and Hudson, R. L. (2013). Glycine's Radiolytic Destruction in Ices: First in situ Laboratory Measurements for Mars. Astrobiology, 13, 647-655. PDF

Gerakines, P. A., Hudson, R. L., Moore, M. H., and Bell, J-L. (2012). In-situ Measurements of the Radiation Stability of Amino Acids at 15 - 140 K. Icarus, 220, 647-659. PDF

Knez, C., Moore, M. H., Ferrante, R. F., and Hudson, R. L. (2012). Laboratory IR Studies and Astrophysical Implications of C₂H₂-Containing Binary Ices. The Astrophysical Journal, 748, 95. PDF

Loeffler, M. and Hudson, R. L. (2012). Thermal Regeneration of Sulfuric Acid Hydrates after Irradiation. Icarus, 219, 561-566. PDF

Loeffler, M., Hudson, R. L., Moore, M. H., and Carlson, R. W. (2011). Radiolysis of Sulfuric Acid, Sulfuric Acid Monohydrate, and Sulfuric Acid Tetrahydrate and its Relevance to Europa. Icarus, 215, 370-380. PDF

Loeffler, M. and Hudson, R. L. (2010). Thermally-Induced Chemistry and the Jovian Icy Satellites: A Laboratory Study of the Formation of Sulfur Oxyanions. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, 19201. PDF

Moore, M. H., Ferrante, R. F., Moore, W. J., and Hudson, R. L. (2010). Infrared Spectra and Optical Constants of Nitrile Ices Relevant to Titan's Atmosphere. The Astrophysical Journal - Supplement, 191, 96-112. PDF

Cooper, P. D., Moore, M. H., and Hudson, R. L. (2010). O-atom Production in Water Ice: Implications for O₂ Formation on Icy Satellites. J. Geophys. Res., 115, E10013.

Peeters, Z., Hudson, R.L., Moore, M.H., and Lewis, A. (2010). The Formation and Stability of Carbonic Acid on Outer Solar System Bodies. Icarus, 210, 480-487.

Hudson, R. L., Lewis, A. S., Moore, M. H., Dworkin, J. P., and Martin, M. P. (2009). Enigmatic Isovaline: Investigating the Stability, Racemization, and Formation of a Non-Biological Meteoritic Amino Acid. Chapter in Bioastronomy 2007: Molecules, Microbes, and Extraterrestrial Life, Astronomical Society of the Pacific. PDF

Carlson, R. W., Calvin, W. M., Dalton, J. B., Hansen, G. B., Hudson, R. L., Johnson, R. E., McCord, T. B., and Moore, M. H. (2009). Europa's Surface Composition. Chapter in Europa, University of Arizona Press.

Hudson, R. L., Moore, M. H., and Raines, L. L. (2009). Ethane Ices in the Outer Solar System: Spectroscopy and Chemistry. Icarus, 203, 677-680.

Hudson, R. L., Moore, M. H., Dworkin, J. P., Martin, M. P., and Pozun, Z. D. (2008). Amino Acids from Ion-Irradiated Nitrile-Containing Ices. Astrobiology, 8, 771-779.

Ferrante, R. F., Moore, M. H., Spiliotis, M. M., and Hudson, R. L. (2008). Formation of Interstellar OCS: Radiation Chemistry and IR Spectra of Precursor Ices. Astrophysical Journal, 684, 1210-1220. PDF

Hudson, R. L., Palumbo, M. E, Strazzulla, G., Moore, M. H., Cooper, J., and Sturmer, S. J. (2008). Laboratory Studies of the Chemistry of TNO Surface Materials. Chapter in The Solar System Beyond Neptune, University of Arizona Press. PDF

Cooper, P. D., Moore, M. H., and Hudson, R. L. (2008). Radiation Chemistry of H₂O + O₂ Ices. Icarus, 194, 379-388. PDF

Moore, M. H., Ferrante, R. F., Hudson, R. L., and Stone, J. N. (2007). Ammonia - Water Ice Laboratory Studies Relevant to Outer Solar System Surfaces. Icarus, 190, 260-273. PDF

Moore, M. H., Hudson, R. L., and Carlson, R. W. (2007). The Radiolysis of SO₂ and H₂S in Water Ice: Implications for the Icy Jovian Satellites. Icarus, 189, 409-423. PDF

Cooper, P. D., Moore, M. H., and Hudson, R. L. (2006). Infrared Detection of HO₂ and HO₃ Radicals in Water Ice. J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 7985-7988. PDF

Hudson, R. L. and Moore, M. H. (2006). Infrared Spectra and Radiation Stability of H₂O₂ Ices Relevant to Europa. Astrobiology, 6, 483-489. PDF

Hudson, R. L. (2006). Astrochemistry Examples in the Classroom. Journal of Chemical Education, 83, 1611-1615. PDF

Moore, M. H. and Hudson, R. L. (2006). Production of Complex Molecules in Astrophysical Ices. Astrochemistry: Recent Successes and Current Challenges, Proceedings IAU Sym. 231, Cambridge University Press, pp. 247-260. PDF

Hudson, R. L., Khanna, R. K., and Moore, M. H. (2005). Laboratory Evidence for Solid-Phase Protonation of HNCO in Interstellar Ices. Astrophysical Journal - Supplement Series, 159, 277-281. PDF

Hudson, R. L., Moore, M. H., and Cook, A. M. (2005). IR Characterization and Radiation Chemistry of Glycolaldehyde and Ethylene Glycol Ices. Advances in Space Research, 36, 184-189. PDF

Ruiterkamp, R., Peeters, Z., Moore, M. H., Hudson, R. L., and Ehrenfreund, P. (2005). A Quantitative Study of Proton Irradiation and UV Photolysis of Benzene in Interstellar Environments. Astronomy & Astrophysics , 440, 391-402. PDF

Colangeli, L., Brucato, J. R., Bar-Nun, A., Hudson, R. L., and Moore, M. H. (2005). Laboratory Experiments on Cometary Materials. Chapter in Comets II, University of Arizona Press, pp. 695-717. PDF

Hudson, R. L. and Moore, M. H. (2004). Reactions of Nitriles in Ices Relevant to Titan, Comets, and the Interstellar Medium: Formation of Cyanate Ion, Ketenimines, and Isonitriles. Icarus, 172, 466-478. PDF

Gerakines, P. A., Moore, M. H., and Hudson, R. L. (2004). Ultraviolet Photolysis and Proton Irradiation of Astrophysical Ice Analogs Containing Hydrogen Cyanide. Icarus, 170, 204-213. PDF

Moore, M. H., Hudson, R. L., and Ferrante, R. F. (2003). Radiation Products in Processed Ices Relevant to Edgeworth-Kuiper-Belt Objects. Earth, Moon, and Planets, 92, 291-306. PDF

Cottin, H., Moore, M. H., and Benilan, Y. (2003). Photodestruction of Relevant Interstellar Molecules in Ice Mixtures. Astrophysical Journal, 590, 874-881. PDF

Hudson, R. L. and Moore, M. H. (2003). Solid-Phase Formation of Interstellar Vinyl Alcohol. Astrophysical Journal, 586, L107-L110. PDF

Moore, M. H. and Hudson, R. L. (2003). Infrared Study of Ion-Irradiated N₂-Dominated Ices Relevant to Triton and Pluto: Formation of HCN and HNC. Icarus, 161, 486-500. PDF

Hudson, R. L. and Moore, M. H. (2002). The N₃ Radical as a Discriminator Between Ion-Irradiated and UV-Photolyzed Astronomical Ices. Astrophysical Journal, 568, 1095-1099. PDF

Lowenthal, M. S., Khanna, R. K., and Moore, M. H. (2002). Infrared Spectrum of Solid Isocyanic Acid (HNCO): Vibrational Assignments and Integrated Band Intensities. Spectrochimica Acta, 58, 73-78. PDF

Gerakines, P. A. and Moore, M. H. (2001). Carbon Suboxide in Astrophysical Ice Analogs. Icarus, 154, 372-380. PDF

Gerakines, P. A., Moore, M. H., and Hudson, R. L. (2001). Energetic Processing of Laboratory Ice Analogs: UV Photolysis vs. Ion Bombardment. JGR-Planets, 106, 33381-33386. PDF

Hudson, R. L,. Moore, M. H., and Gerakines, P. A. (2001). Radiation Chemical Alterations in Solar System Ices: An Overview. JGR-Planets, 106, 33275-33284. PDF

Cottin, H., Szopa, C., and Moore, M. H. (2001). Production of Hexamethylenetetramine in Photolyzed and Irradiated Interstellar Cometary Ice Analogs. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 561, L139-L142. PDF

Hudson, R. L., Moore, M. H., and Gerakines, P. A. (2001). The Formation of Cyanate Ion (OCN^-) in Interstellar Ice Analogues. Astrophysical Journal, 550, 1140-1150. PDF

Moore, M. H., Hudson, R. L., and Gerakines, P. A. (2001). Mid- and Far-Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of the Influence of Temperature, UV Photolysis and Ion Bombardment on Cosmic-Type Ices. Spectrochimica Acta, 57A, 843-858. PDF

Gerakines, P. A., Moore, M. H., and Hudson, R. L. (2000). Carbonic Acid Production in H₂O + CO₂ Ices: UV Photolysis vs. Proton Bombardment. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 357, 793-800. PDF

Hudson, R. L. and Moore, M. H. (2000). New Experiments and Interpretations Concerning the OCN^- Band in Interstellar Ice Analogues. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 357, 787-792. PDF

Hudson, R. L. and Moore, M. H. (2000). IR Spectra of Irradiated Cometary Ice Analogues Containing Methanol: A New Assignment, A Reassignment, and a Non-Assignment. Icarus, 145, 661-663. PDF

Moore, M. H. and Hudson R. L. (2000). IR Detection of H₂O₂ at 80 K in Ion-Irradiated Laboratory Ices Relevant to Europa. Icarus, 145, 282-288. PDF

Ferrante, R. F., Moore, M. H., Nuth III, J. A., and Smith, T. (2000). Formation of Carbon Compounds by Catalytic Conversion of CO on Laboratory Grain Analogs Containing Iron. Icarus, 145, 297-300. PDF

Hudson, R. L. and Moore, M. H. (1999). Laboratory Studies of the Formation of Methanol and Other Organic Molecules by Water + Carbon Monoxide Radiolysis: Relevance to Comets, Icy Satellites, and Interstellar Ices. Icarus, 140, 451-461. PDF

Khanna, R. K. and Moore, M. H. (1999). Carbamic acid: Molecular Structure and IR Spectra. Spectrochimica Acta, 55A, 961-967. PDF

Moore, M. H. and Hudson R. L. (1998). Infrared Study of Ion Irradiated Water Ice Mixtures with Organics Relevant to Comets. Icarus, 135, 518-527. PDF

Hudson R. L. and Moore, M. H. (1997). Hydrocarbon Radiation Chemistry in Ices of Cometary Relevance. Icarus, 126, 233-235. PDF

Moore, M. H., Ferrante, R. F., and Nuth, J. A., III (1996). Infrared Spectra of Proton Irradiated Ices Containing Methanol. Planetary and Space Science, 44, 927-935. PDF

Hudson, R. L. and Moore, M. H. (1995). Far-IR Spectral Changes Accompanying Proton Irradiation of Solids of Astrochemical Interest. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 45, 779-789. PDF

Moore, M. H., Ferrante, R. F., Hudson, R. L., Nuth, J. A., III, and Donn, B. (1994). Infrared Spectra of Crystalline Phase Ices Condensed on Silicate Smokes at T < 20 K. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 428, L81-L84. PDF

Moore, M. H. and Hudson, R. L. (1994). Far-Infrared Spectra of Cosmic-Type Pure and Mixed Ices. Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series, 103, 45-56. PDF

Hudson, R. L. and Moore, M. H. (1993). Far-Infrared Investigations of a Methanol Clathrate Hydrate: Implications for Astronomical Observations. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 404, L29-L32. PDF

DelloRusso, N., Khanna, R. K., and Moore, M. H. (l993). Identification and Yield of Carbonic Acid and Formaldehyde in Irradiated Ices. JGR-Planets, 98, E3, 5505-5510. PDF

Moore, M. H. and Hudson, R. L. (1992). Far-Infrared Spectral Studies of Phase Changes in Water Ice Induced by Proton Irradiation. Astrophysical Journal, 401, 353-360. PDF

Hudson, R. L. and Moore, M. H. (1992). A Far-IR Study of Irradiated Amorphous Ice: An Unreported Oscillation Between Amorphous and Crystalline Phases. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 96, 6500-6504. PDF

Nichols, R. H., Nuth III, J. A., Hohenberg, C. M., Olinger, C. T., and Moore, M. H. (1992). Trapping of Noble Gases in Proton-Irradiated Silicate Smokes. Meteroritics, 27, 555-559. PDF

Nuth, J. A. , Moore, M. H., Tanabe, T., and Kraus, G. (1992). The SiH Vibrational Fundamental as an Indicator of the Oxidation State of Silicon in a Cometary or Asteroidal Regolith. Icarus, 98, 207-210.

Hudson, R. L. and Donn, B. (1992). Comments on 'Gas Release from Comets' and Related Trapped-Gas Experiments. Icarus, 96, 286-288. PDF

Hudson, R. L. and Donn, B. (1991). An Experimental Study of the Sublimation of Water Ice and the Release of Trapped Gases. Icarus, 94, 326-332. PDF

Moore, M. H., Khanna, K., and Donn, B. (1991). Studies Of Proton Irradiated H₂O+CO₂ and H₂O+CO Ices and Analysis of Synthesized Molecules. JGR-Planets, 96, 17541-17545. PDF

Moore, M. H., Tanabe, T., and Nuth, J. (1991). The SiH Vibrational Stretch as an Indicator of the Chemical State of Interstellar Grains. Astrophysical Journal, 373, L31-L34. PDF

Moore, M. H. and Khanna, R. (1991). Infrared and Mass Spectral Studies of Proton Irradiated H₂O+CO₂ Ice: Evidence for Carbonic Acid. Spectrochimica Acta, 47A, 255-262. PDF

Moore, M. H. and Tanabe, T. (1990). Mass Spectra of Sputtered Polyoxymethylene--Implications For Comets. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 365, L39-L42. PDF

Wdowiak, T., Donn, B., Nuth, J., Chappelle, E., and Moore, M. (1989).Laboratory Experiments on Carbonaceous Material as a Source for the Red Rectangle Visual Emissions. Astrophysical Journal, 336, 838-842. PDF

Nuth, J. and Moore, M. H. (1988). SiH and the Unidentified 4.6 Micron Feature. Astrophysical Journal, 329, L113-L116. PDF

Nuth, J. A., Nelson, R. N., Moore, M. H., and Donn, B. (1988). Experimental Studies of Circumstellar, Interstellar and Interplanetary Refractory Grains Analogs. In: Experiments on Cosmic Dust Analogues (ed. Bussoletti, et al.) Kluwer Acad. Pub., 191-207.

Moore, M. H., Donn, B., and Hudson, R. L. (1988). Study of S₂ in Ices: Implications for Comets. Icarus, 74, 399-412. PDF

Moore, M. H. (1984). Infrared Studies of Proton Irradiated SO₂ Ices: Implications for Io. Icarus, 59, 114-128. PDF

Moore, M. H., Donn, B., Khanna, R., and A'Hearn, M. F. (1983). Studies of Proton Irradiated Cometary-Type Ice Mixtures. Icarus, 54, 388-405. PDF

Moore, M. H. and Donn, B.(1982). The Infrared Spectrum of a Laboratory-Synthesized Residue: Implications for the 3.4 Micron Interstellar Absorption Feature. Astrophysical Journal, 257, L47-L50. PDF