2008
-
Present
Research Associate Professor
University of Maryland Baltimore County: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology and the Department of Physics ,
Baltimore, MD
2001
-
2008
Research Assistant Professor
University of Maryland Baltimore County: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology and the Department of Physics,
Baltimore, MD
1999
-
2001
Assistant Research Scientist
University of Maryland Baltimore County:
Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology,
Baltimore, MD
1997
-
1999
Postdoctoral Research Associate
University of Arizona,
Tucson, AZ
1996
-
1997
Postdoctoral Research Associate
McGill University,
Montreal, Canada
1989
-
1991
Research Meteorologist
Hungarian Meteorological Service,
Budapest, Hungary
1996 - Ph.D. in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, Dissertation: "Reflection of solar radiation by inhomogeneous clouds"
1989 - M.Sc. equivalent degree in Meteorology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary, Thesis: "The adaptation of a spectral global circulation model"
2019 - present: Member of the editorial board for the journal Remote Sensing
Refereed
Várnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2021. "Analysis of Near-Cloud Changes in Atmospheric Aerosols Using Satellite Observations and Global Model Simulations."
Remote Sensing,
13
(6):
1151
[10.3390/rs13061151]
Gatebe, C. K., H. Jethva, R. Gautam, R. Poudyal, and T. Várnai. 2021. "A new measurement approach for validating satellite-based above-cloud aerosol optical depth."
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,
14
(2):
1405-1423
[10.5194/amt-14-1405-2021]
Kostinski, A., A. Marshak, and T. Várnai. 2021. "Deep Space Observations of Terrestrial Glitter."
Earth and Space Science,
8
(2):
2020EA001521
[10.1029/2020ea001521]
Varnai, T., A. Marshak, and A. B. Kostinski. 2020. "Deep Space Observations of Cloud Glints: Spectral and Seasonal Dependence."
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,
1-5
[10.1109/lgrs.2020.3040144]
Varnai, T., A. B. Kostinski, and A. Marshak. 2019. "Deep Space Observations of Sun Glints from Marine Ice Clouds."
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,
17:
1-5
[10.1109/lgrs.2019.2930866]
Várnai, T., C. Gatebe, R. Gautam, R. Poudyal, and W. Su. 2019. "Developing an Aircraft-Based Angular Distribution Model of Solar Reflection from Wildfire Smoke to Aid Satellite-Based Radiative Flux Estimation."
Remote Sensing,
11
(13):
1509
[10.3390/rs11131509]
Wu, D., T. Wang, T. Várnai, et al. 2018. "MISR Radiance Anomalies Induced by Stratospheric Volcanic Aerosols."
Remote Sensing,
10
(12):
1875
[10.3390/rs10121875]
Várnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2018. "Satellite Observations of Cloud-Related Variations in Aerosol Properties."
Atmosphere,
9
(11):
430
[10.3390/atmos9110430]
Fauchez, T., S. Platnick, T. Várnai, et al. 2018. "Scale dependence of cirrus heterogeneity effects. Part II: MODIS NIR and SWIR channels."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,
18
(16):
12105-12121
[10.5194/acp-18-12105-2018]
Yang, W., A. Marshak, T. Várnai, and Y. Knyazikhin. 2018. "EPIC Spectral Observations of Variability in Earth’s Global Reflectance."
Remote Sensing,
10
(2):
254
[10.3390/rs10020254]
Várnai, T., A. Marshak, and T. F. Eck. 2017. "Observation-Based Study on Aerosol Optical Depth and Particle Size in Partly Cloudy Regions."
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,
122
(18):
10,013-10,024
[10.1002/2017jd027028]
Fauchez, T., S. Platnick, K. Meyer, et al. 2017. "Scale dependence of cirrus horizontal heterogeneity effects on TOA measurements – Part I: MODIS brightness temperatures in the thermal infrared."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,
17
(13):
8489-8508
[10.5194/acp-17-8489-2017]
Marshak, A., T. Várnai, and A. Kostinski. 2017. "Terrestrial glint seen from deep space: Oriented ice crystals detected from the Lagrangian point."
Geophysical Research Letters,
Online:
[10.1002/2017gl073248]
Wen, G., A. Marshak, T. Varnai, and R. C. Levy. 2016. "Testing the Two-Layer Model for Correcting Near Cloud Reflectance Enhancement Using LES/SHDOM Simulated Radiances
."
J. Geophys. Res., Atmos.,
(121):
9661–9674
[10.1002/2016JD025021]
Gautam, R., C. K. Gatebe, M. K. Singh, T. Várnai, and R. Poudyal. 2016. "Radiative characteristics of Clouds Embedded in Smoke derived from airborne multi-angular measurements."
J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.,
121
(15):
9140–9152
[10.1002/2016jd025309]
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2015. "Effect of cloud fraction on near-cloud aerosol behavior in the MODIS atmospheric correction ocean color product."
Rem. Sens,
7:
5283-5299
[10.3390/rs70505283]
Yang, W., A. Marshak, T. Varnai, and R. Wood. 2014. "CALIPSO observations of near-cloud aerosol properties as a function of cloud fraction."
Geophys. Res. Lett,
41:
9150-9157
[10.1002/2014GL061896]
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2014. "Near-cloud aerosol properties from the 1 km resolution MODIS ocean product."
J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.,
119
(3):
1546-1554
[10.1002/2013JD020633]
Marshak, A., K. F. Evans, T. Varnai, and G. Wen. 2014. "Extending 3D near-cloud corrections from shorter to longer wavelengths."
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer,
147:
79-85
[10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.05.022]
Yang, Y., A. Marshak, A. B. Kostinski, and T. Varnai. 2013. "Shape-induced gravitational sorting of Saharan dust during transatlantic voyage: Evidence from CALIOP lidar depolarization measurements."
Geophys. Res. Lett,
40
(12):
3281-3286
[10.1002/grl.50603]
Wen, G., A. Marshak, R. C. Levy, et al. 2013. "Improvement of MODIS aerosol retrievals near clouds."
J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.,
118
(16):
9168-9181
[10.1002/jgrd.50617]
Varnai, T., A. Marshak, and W. Yang. 2013. "Multi-satellite aerosol observations in the vicinity of clouds."
Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
13
(8):
3899-3908
[10.5194/acp-13-3899-2013]
Yang, W., A. Marshak, T. Varnai, O. V. Kalashnikova, and A. B. Kostinski. 2012. "CALIPSO observations of transatlantic dust: vertical stratification and effect of clouds."
Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
12
(23):
11339-11354
[Full Text (Link)]
[10.5194/acp-12-11339-2012]
Yang, W., A. Marshak, T. Varnai, and Z. Liu. 2012. "Effect of CALIPSO cloud–aerosol discrimination (CAD) confidence levels on observations of aerosol properties near clouds."
Atmospheric Research,
116:
134-141
[10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.03.013]
Gatebe, C. K., T. Varnai, R. Poudyal, C. M. Ichoku, and M. D. King. 2012. "Taking the pulse of pyrocumulus clouds."
Atmospheric Environment,
52:
121-130
[10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.045]
Chiu, J., A. Marshak, C. Huang, et al. 2012. "Cloud droplet size and liquid water path retrievals from zenith radiance measurements: examples from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program and the Aerosol Robotic Network."
Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
12
(21):
10313-10329
[10.5194/acp-12-10313-2012]
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2012. "Analysis of co-located MODIS and CALIPSO observations near clouds."
Atmos Meas Tech,
5
(2):
389-396
[10.5194/amt-5-389-2012]
Pounder, N., R. Hogan, T. Varnai, A. Battaglia, and R. F. Cahalan. 2012. "A Variational Method to Retrieve the Extinction Profile in Liquid Clouds Using Multiple-Field-of-View Lidar."
J Appl Meteor Climatol,
51
(2):
350-365
[10.1175/JAMC-D-10-05007.1]
Yang, Y., A. Marshak, S. P. Palm, T. Varnai, and W. J. Wiscombe. 2011. "Cloud Impact on Surface Altimetry From a Spaceborne 532-nm Micropulse Photon-Counting Lidar: System Modeling for Cloudy and Clear Atmospheres."
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing,
49
(12):
4910-4919
[Full Text (Link)]
[10.1109/TGRS.2011.2153860]
Oreopoulos, L., M. Wilson, and T. Varnai. 2011. "Implementation on Landsat Data of a Simple Cloud-Mask Algorithm Developed for MODIS Land Bands."
IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett.,
8
(4):
597-601
[10.1109/LGRS.2010.2095409]
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2011. "Global CALIPSO Observations of Aerosol Changes Near Clouds."
IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett.,
8
(1):
19-23
[10.1109/LGRS.2010.2049982]
Varnai, T. 2010. "Multiyear Statistics of 2D Shortwave Radiative Effects at Three ARM Sites."
J Atmos Sci,
67
(11):
3757-3762
[10.1175/2010JAS3506.1]
Yang, Y., A. Marshak, T. Varnai, W. J. Wiscombe, and P. Yang. 2010. "Uncertainties in Ice-Sheet Altimetry From a Spaceborne 1064-nm Single-Channel Lidar Due to Undetected Thin Clouds."
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing,
48
(1):
250-259
[10.1109/TGRS.2009.2028335]
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2009. "MODIS observations of enhanced clear sky reflectance near clouds."
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
36
(6):
L06807
[10.1029/2008GL037089]
Evans, K., A. Marshak, and T. Varnai. 2008. "The Potential for Improved Boundary Layer Cloud Optical Depth Retrievals from the Multiple Directions of MISR."
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,
65
(10):
3179-3196
[10.1175/2008JAS2627.1]
Varnai, T., and R. F. Cahalan. 2007. "Potential for airborne offbeam lidar measurements of snow and sea ice thickness."
J. Geophys. Res.,
112
(C12):
C12S90
[10.1029/2007JC004091]
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2007. "View angle dependence of cloud optical thicknesses retrieved by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)."
J. Geophys. Res.,
112
(D6):
D06203
[10.1029/2005JD006912]
Marshak, A., S. E. Platnick, T. Varnai, G. Wen, and R. F. Cahalan. 2006. "Impact of three-dimensional radiative effects on satellite retrievals of cloud droplet sizes."
J. Geophys. Res.,
111
(D9):
D09207
[10.1029/2005JD006686]
Oreopoulos, L., A. Marshak, R. F. Cahalan, et al. 2006. "New directions in the radiative transfer of cloudy atmospheres."
Eos Trans. AGU,
87
(5):
52
[10.1029/2006EO050006]
Cahalan, R., L. Oreopoulos, A. Marshak, et al. 2005. "The International Intercomparison of 3D Radiation Codes (I3RC): Bringing together the most advanced radiative transfer tools for cloudy atmospheres."
Bull Amer Meteor Soc,
86
(9):
1275-1293
[10.1175/BAMS-86-9-1275]
Cahalan, R. F., M. J. Mcgill, J. Kolasinski, T. Varnai, and K. Yetzer. 2005. "THOR—Cloud Thickness from Offbeam Lidar Returns."
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,
22
(6):
605-627
[10.1175/JTECH1740.1]
Varnai, T. 2003. "A method for analyzing how various parts of clouds influence each other's brightness."
J. Geophys. Res.,
108
(D22):
4706
[10.1029/2003JD003561]
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2002. "Observations of three-dimensional radiative effects that influence satellite retrievals of cloud properties."
Quart Jour of Hungarian Meteor Service (Idojaras),
106:
265-278.
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2002. "Observations of three-dimensional radiative effects that influence MODIS cloud optical thickness retrievals."
J Atmos Sci,
59:
1607-1618.
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2001. "Statistical analysis of the uncertainties in cloud optical depth retrievals caused by three-dimensional radiative effects."
J Atmos Sci,
58:
1540-1548.
Refereed
Várnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2021. "Analysis of Near-Cloud Changes in Atmospheric Aerosols Using Satellite Observations and Global Model Simulations."
Remote Sensing
13
(6):
1151
[10.3390/rs13061151]
Gatebe, C. K., H. Jethva, R. Gautam, R. Poudyal, and T. Várnai. 2021. "A new measurement approach for validating satellite-based above-cloud aerosol optical depth."
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
14
(2):
1405-1423
[10.5194/amt-14-1405-2021]
Kostinski, A., A. Marshak, and T. Várnai. 2021. "Deep Space Observations of Terrestrial Glitter."
Earth and Space Science
8
(2):
2020EA001521
[10.1029/2020ea001521]
Varnai, T., A. Marshak, and A. B. Kostinski. 2020. "Deep Space Observations of Cloud Glints: Spectral and Seasonal Dependence."
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters
1-5
[10.1109/lgrs.2020.3040144]
Varnai, T., A. B. Kostinski, and A. Marshak. 2019. "Deep Space Observations of Sun Glints from Marine Ice Clouds."
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters
17
1-5
[10.1109/lgrs.2019.2930866]
Várnai, T., C. Gatebe, R. Gautam, R. Poudyal, and W. Su. 2019. "Developing an Aircraft-Based Angular Distribution Model of Solar Reflection from Wildfire Smoke to Aid Satellite-Based Radiative Flux Estimation."
Remote Sensing
11
(13):
1509
[10.3390/rs11131509]
Wu, D., T. Wang, T. Várnai, et al. 2018. "MISR Radiance Anomalies Induced by Stratospheric Volcanic Aerosols."
Remote Sensing
10
(12):
1875
[10.3390/rs10121875]
Várnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2018. "Satellite Observations of Cloud-Related Variations in Aerosol Properties."
Atmosphere
9
(11):
430
[10.3390/atmos9110430]
Fauchez, T., S. Platnick, T. Várnai, et al. 2018. "Scale dependence of cirrus heterogeneity effects. Part II: MODIS NIR and SWIR channels."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
18
(16):
12105-12121
[10.5194/acp-18-12105-2018]
Yang, W., A. Marshak, T. Várnai, and Y. Knyazikhin. 2018. "EPIC Spectral Observations of Variability in Earth’s Global Reflectance."
Remote Sensing
10
(2):
254
[10.3390/rs10020254]
Várnai, T., A. Marshak, and T. F. Eck. 2017. "Observation-Based Study on Aerosol Optical Depth and Particle Size in Partly Cloudy Regions."
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
122
(18):
10,013-10,024
[10.1002/2017jd027028]
Fauchez, T., S. Platnick, K. Meyer, et al. 2017. "Scale dependence of cirrus horizontal heterogeneity effects on TOA measurements – Part I: MODIS brightness temperatures in the thermal infrared."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
17
(13):
8489-8508
[10.5194/acp-17-8489-2017]
Marshak, A., T. Várnai, and A. Kostinski. 2017. "Terrestrial glint seen from deep space: Oriented ice crystals detected from the Lagrangian point."
Geophysical Research Letters
Online
[10.1002/2017gl073248]
Wen, G., A. Marshak, T. Varnai, and R. C. Levy. 2016. "Testing the Two-Layer Model for Correcting Near Cloud Reflectance Enhancement Using LES/SHDOM Simulated Radiances
."
J. Geophys. Res., Atmos.
9661–9674
[10.1002/2016JD025021]
Gautam, R., C. K. Gatebe, M. K. Singh, T. Várnai, and R. Poudyal. 2016. "Radiative characteristics of Clouds Embedded in Smoke derived from airborne multi-angular measurements."
J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
121
(15):
9140–9152
[10.1002/2016jd025309]
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2015. "Effect of cloud fraction on near-cloud aerosol behavior in the MODIS atmospheric correction ocean color product."
Rem. Sens
7
5283-5299
[10.3390/rs70505283]
Yang, W., A. Marshak, T. Varnai, and R. Wood. 2014. "CALIPSO observations of near-cloud aerosol properties as a function of cloud fraction."
Geophys. Res. Lett
41
9150-9157
[10.1002/2014GL061896]
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2014. "Near-cloud aerosol properties from the 1 km resolution MODIS ocean product."
J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
119
(3):
1546-1554
[10.1002/2013JD020633]
Marshak, A., K. F. Evans, T. Varnai, and G. Wen. 2014. "Extending 3D near-cloud corrections from shorter to longer wavelengths."
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer
147
79-85
[10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.05.022]
Yang, Y., A. Marshak, A. B. Kostinski, and T. Varnai. 2013. "Shape-induced gravitational sorting of Saharan dust during transatlantic voyage: Evidence from CALIOP lidar depolarization measurements."
Geophys. Res. Lett
40
(12):
3281-3286
[10.1002/grl.50603]
Wen, G., A. Marshak, R. C. Levy, et al. 2013. "Improvement of MODIS aerosol retrievals near clouds."
J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
118
(16):
9168-9181
[10.1002/jgrd.50617]
Varnai, T., A. Marshak, and W. Yang. 2013. "Multi-satellite aerosol observations in the vicinity of clouds."
Atmos. Chem. Phys.
13
(8):
3899-3908
[10.5194/acp-13-3899-2013]
Yang, W., A. Marshak, T. Varnai, O. V. Kalashnikova, and A. B. Kostinski. 2012. "CALIPSO observations of transatlantic dust: vertical stratification and effect of clouds."
Atmos. Chem. Phys.
12
(23):
11339-11354
[Full Text (Link)]
[10.5194/acp-12-11339-2012]
Yang, W., A. Marshak, T. Varnai, and Z. Liu. 2012. "Effect of CALIPSO cloud–aerosol discrimination (CAD) confidence levels on observations of aerosol properties near clouds."
Atmospheric Research
116
134-141
[10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.03.013]
Gatebe, C. K., T. Varnai, R. Poudyal, C. M. Ichoku, and M. D. King. 2012. "Taking the pulse of pyrocumulus clouds."
Atmospheric Environment
52
121-130
[10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.045]
Chiu, J., A. Marshak, C. Huang, et al. 2012. "Cloud droplet size and liquid water path retrievals from zenith radiance measurements: examples from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program and the Aerosol Robotic Network."
Atmos. Chem. Phys.
12
(21):
10313-10329
[10.5194/acp-12-10313-2012]
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2012. "Analysis of co-located MODIS and CALIPSO observations near clouds."
Atmos Meas Tech
5
(2):
389-396
[10.5194/amt-5-389-2012]
Pounder, N., R. Hogan, T. Varnai, A. Battaglia, and R. F. Cahalan. 2012. "A Variational Method to Retrieve the Extinction Profile in Liquid Clouds Using Multiple-Field-of-View Lidar."
J Appl Meteor Climatol
51
(2):
350-365
[10.1175/JAMC-D-10-05007.1]
Yang, Y., A. Marshak, S. P. Palm, T. Varnai, and W. J. Wiscombe. 2011. "Cloud Impact on Surface Altimetry From a Spaceborne 532-nm Micropulse Photon-Counting Lidar: System Modeling for Cloudy and Clear Atmospheres."
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
49
(12):
4910-4919
[Full Text (Link)]
[10.1109/TGRS.2011.2153860]
Oreopoulos, L., M. Wilson, and T. Varnai. 2011. "Implementation on Landsat Data of a Simple Cloud-Mask Algorithm Developed for MODIS Land Bands."
IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett.
8
(4):
597-601
[10.1109/LGRS.2010.2095409]
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2011. "Global CALIPSO Observations of Aerosol Changes Near Clouds."
IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett.
8
(1):
19-23
[10.1109/LGRS.2010.2049982]
Varnai, T. 2010. "Multiyear Statistics of 2D Shortwave Radiative Effects at Three ARM Sites."
J Atmos Sci
67
(11):
3757-3762
[10.1175/2010JAS3506.1]
Yang, Y., A. Marshak, T. Varnai, W. J. Wiscombe, and P. Yang. 2010. "Uncertainties in Ice-Sheet Altimetry From a Spaceborne 1064-nm Single-Channel Lidar Due to Undetected Thin Clouds."
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
48
(1):
250-259
[10.1109/TGRS.2009.2028335]
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2009. "MODIS observations of enhanced clear sky reflectance near clouds."
Geophys. Res. Lett.
36
(6):
L06807
[10.1029/2008GL037089]
Evans, K., A. Marshak, and T. Varnai. 2008. "The Potential for Improved Boundary Layer Cloud Optical Depth Retrievals from the Multiple Directions of MISR."
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
65
(10):
3179-3196
[10.1175/2008JAS2627.1]
Varnai, T., and R. F. Cahalan. 2007. "Potential for airborne offbeam lidar measurements of snow and sea ice thickness."
J. Geophys. Res.
112
(C12):
C12S90
[10.1029/2007JC004091]
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2007. "View angle dependence of cloud optical thicknesses retrieved by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)."
J. Geophys. Res.
112
(D6):
D06203
[10.1029/2005JD006912]
Marshak, A., S. E. Platnick, T. Varnai, G. Wen, and R. F. Cahalan. 2006. "Impact of three-dimensional radiative effects on satellite retrievals of cloud droplet sizes."
J. Geophys. Res.
111
(D9):
D09207
[10.1029/2005JD006686]
Oreopoulos, L., A. Marshak, R. F. Cahalan, et al. 2006. "New directions in the radiative transfer of cloudy atmospheres."
Eos Trans. AGU
87
(5):
52
[10.1029/2006EO050006]
Cahalan, R., L. Oreopoulos, A. Marshak, et al. 2005. "The International Intercomparison of 3D Radiation Codes (I3RC): Bringing together the most advanced radiative transfer tools for cloudy atmospheres."
Bull Amer Meteor Soc
86
(9):
1275-1293
[10.1175/BAMS-86-9-1275]
Cahalan, R. F., M. J. Mcgill, J. Kolasinski, T. Varnai, and K. Yetzer. 2005. "THOR—Cloud Thickness from Offbeam Lidar Returns."
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
22
(6):
605-627
[10.1175/JTECH1740.1]
Varnai, T. 2003. "A method for analyzing how various parts of clouds influence each other's brightness."
J. Geophys. Res.
108
(D22):
4706
[10.1029/2003JD003561]
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2002. "Observations of three-dimensional radiative effects that influence satellite retrievals of cloud properties."
Quart Jour of Hungarian Meteor Service (Idojaras)
106
265-278
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2002. "Observations of three-dimensional radiative effects that influence MODIS cloud optical thickness retrievals."
J Atmos Sci
59
1607-1618
Varnai, T., and A. Marshak. 2001. "Statistical analysis of the uncertainties in cloud optical depth retrievals caused by three-dimensional radiative effects."
J Atmos Sci
58
1540-1548
