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Sander Johannes Goossens

Photo of SANDER GOOSSENS

Sander Johannes Goossens

  • RESEARCH AST, PLANETARY STUDIES
  • 301.614.6499
  • NASA/GSFC
  • Mail Code: 698
  • Greenbelt , MD 20771
  • Employer: NASA

    • Brief Bio

    Sander Goossens received his PhD in 2005 from Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering in the Netherlands. From 2005-2011 he worked at the National Astronomical Observatory in Japan on the SELenological and ENgineering Explorer (SELENE) mission (also called Kaguya). He was involved in the determination of the gravity field of the Moon using the first-ever farside data (combined with available historical lunar tracking data), and in the determination of the topography of the Moon using laser altimeter data.

    In 2011 he joined the Planetary Geodynamics group (now: Planetary Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Laboratory, or PGG lab) at Goddard as a scientist with the Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science & Technology/University of Maryland Baltimore County. At Goddard, he has extensively worked on gravity field determination of various terrestrial planets: the Moon using GRAIL data, Mercury using MESSENGER data, Mars using a combination of MGS, Odyssey, and MRO data, Venus using Magellan and Venus Express data, and Titan and Enceladus using Cassini data. These results have been used to infer models of the interior structure of the planets. In August 2021 he became a NASA employee in the PGG lab.


    Recent highlights include:

    • Deriving a relationship between spherical harmonic degree and source depth, that can help interpretations of gravity field models. See here for the paper.
    • Involvement in a study that investigated the influence of small craters on true polar wander on the Moon, showing that although small, they resulted in a displacement of the Moon's pole by ~10˚ along the Earth-Moon tidal axis. See here for the paper.
    • Provided the geophysical modeling to investigate the north-western Arabia Terra area on Mars. The geophysical analysis was in support of geochemical analysis showing supervolcanic resurfacing. See here for the paper.
    • Used a novel combination of differenced image data to improve estimates of asteroid 101955 Bennu's shape, mass, rotation state, and gravity field. See here for the paper.


    Currently, he is working on an analysis of GRAIL data to determine the deep interior structure of the Moon, and Cassini data to determine the gravity field of Saturn's moons Titan and Enceladus. He is a Participating Scientist for Juno's Extended Mission, focusing on the gravity field determination of the Galilean moons. He is also a Participating Scientist for JAXA's MMX mission, where he will use radio, camera, and laser altimeter data to determine Mars' moons' rotational state and gravity field and to verify models of their shape.

    Research Interests

    Planetary geodesy

    Determining the gravity field and shape of planetary bodies, using spacecraft data such as tracking, altimetry, and image data.

    Precision orbit determination of planetary spacecraft

    Determine the orbits of planetary spacecraft with high precision using radiometric tracking, altimetry, and image data, for the purpose of reconstructing trajectories, and for determining geophysical parameters (such as the gravity field, shape, and interior structure parameters of the body).

    Interior structure modeling

    Determination of interior structure parameters such as core size and composition, density profiles, and crustal structure (density, thickness), from geodetic measurements such as the gravity field, topography, moments of inertia, and Love numbers.

    Current Projects

    MMX Participating Scientist

    I have been selected as a Participating Scientist for JAXA's MMX mission. I will use data from the cameras, radio tracking data, and data from the laser altimeter to determine Phobos' and Deimos' gravity field and rotational state, and to verify models of their shape. This work will rely on techniques that we developed for OSIRIS-REx, focusing for example on the use of differential data types to improve estimates of important geophysical parameters.

    Juno Extended Mission

    I have been selected as a Participating Scientist for the Juno Extended Mission. My research will focus on using Juno tracking data to determine gravity fieldd models for Jupiter, and the moons Europa, Ganymede, and Io during Juno's flybys of these moons. My research will focus on using different analysis techniques and tools, with the goal to determine robust gravity field models.

    Cassini

    I am using tracking data from Cassini to determine Enceladus' gravity field and Titan's gravity and tides. See our LPSC abstract here.

    GRAIL

    Analysis of the GRAIL tracking data, consisting of inter-satellite Ka-band tracking data and conventional Doppler data from the Deep Space Network. The focus is on determining parameters related to the Moon's deep interior.

    Venus

    Analysis of historic Magellan data together with recent Venus Express (ESA) data for high-resolution gravity field determination of Venus. I am also interested in using these geodetic measurements in modeling using Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis to detemine parameters of models of Venus' interior structure.

    Positions/Employment

    8/2021 - Present

    Research AST, Planetary Studies

    NASA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
    12/2015 - 8/2021

    Associate Research Scientist

    University of Maryland, Baltimore County, NASA/GSFC Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory, Greenbelt MD
    8/2011 - 12/2015

    Assistant Research Scientist

    University of Maryland Baltimore County, NASA/GSFC Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory, Greenbelt MD
    6/2007 - 7/2011

    Researcher

    National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mizusawa, Oshu, Japan
    6/2005 - 6/2007

    Postdoctoral fellowship with the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mizusawa, Oshu, Japan

    Education

    Ph.D. 2005 Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering. Supervisors B.A.C. Ambrosius and P.N.A.M. Visser, "The Near Side - Regional Lunar Gravity Field Determination"

    M.Sc. 1999 Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Cum Laude, "Long-term Low Lunar Orbit Perturbations Due to the Selenopotential and Solar Radiation Pressure"

    Professional Societies

    American Geophysical Union, 2002 - Present

    Professional Service

    Member of NASA Advisory Committee “Mapping and Planetary Spatial Infrastructure Team'' (MAPSIT, https://www.lpi.usra.edu/mapsit/), 2019-present.

    Convener of Planetary Geodesy session at AGU Fall Meeting in 2011, 2015, and 2017.

    Reviewer for many journals, and several funding organisations.

    Awards

    A Best Reviewer Award for 2022, for the journal Icarus (see here).

    The 2020 Robert H. Goddard Engineering Team Award, awarded to the OSIRIS-REx Independent Verification & Validation Navigation Team, at Goddard Space Flight Center.

    Listed as an outstanding reviewer for AGU's Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 2019. (link)

    The NASA Group Achievement Award for MESSENGER, in 2018.

    The NASA Early Career Public Achievement Medal, in May 2016.

    The 2014 Robert H. Goddard Science Exceptional Achievement Award, awarded to the GRAIL Gravity Team at Goddard Space Flight Center.

    The 2010 Tsuboi Group Prize of the Geodetic Society of Japan, awarded to the RISE Project for Contributions to Lunar Geodesy in the SELENE Project.

    Both a short-term and a post-doctoral fellowship with the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

     

    Grants

    12/01/2021 - 11/30/2024 NNH21ZDA001N-JPSP, NASA

    Galilean Satellite and Jupiter Gravity Science with Juno Extended Mission Data

    ; PI
    10/01/2019 - 09/30/2024 NNH18ZDA018C: SSERVI CAN-3, NASA

    Geophysical Exploration Of the Dynamics and Evolution of the Solar System (GEODES)

    ; Co-I
    06/01/2018 - 06/01/2021 NNH17ZDA001N-CDAP , NASA

    Interior Structure of Saturn's Moons from Cassini Tracking Data

    ; PI
    04/01/2018 - 04/01/2021 NNH17ZDA001N-PDART , NASA

    Kaguya Orbital and Geometric Restoration

    ; Co-I
    10/01/2017 - 10/01/2020 NNH16ZDA001N-LDAP , NASA

    The Deep Lunar Interior From Multi-Satellite Data Analysis

    ; PI
    09/01/2017 - 09/01/2020 NNH16ZDA001N-DDAP , NASA

    Geophysical Properties of Mercury's Crust and Lithosphere From MESSENGER Tracking Data

    ; PI
    05/01/2015 - 04/30/2020 NNH14ZDA001N-PDART , NASA

    Localized analysis of GRAIL data for high-resolution gravity field determination

    ; PI
    07/10/2014 - NNH13ZDA001N-PMDAP , NASA

     Analysis of Magellan and Venus Express satellite tracking data for high-resolution gravity field determination

    ; PI
    04/12/2023 - 03/31/2029 NNH22ZDA001N-MMXPSP, NASA

    Comprehensive Geodesy for Phobos and Deimos

    ; Principal Investigator

    Other Professional Information

    Publons: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/K-2526-2015

    ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7707-1128

    Publications

    Refereed

    Cascioli, G., J. P. Renaud, E. Mazarico, et al. D. Durante, L. Iess, S. J. Goossens, and S. E. Smrekar. 2023. "Constraining the Venus interior structure with future VERITAS measurements of the gravitational atmospheric loading." The Planetary Science Journal, 4 (65): [Full Text (Link)] [10.3847/PSJ/acc73c]

    Genova, A., S. Goossens, E. Del Vecchio, et al. F. Petricca, M. Beuthe, M. Wieczorek, G. Chiarolanza, G. di Achille, G. Mitri, I. Di Stefano, B. Charlier, E. Mazarico, and P. James. 2023. "Regional variations of Mercury's crustal density and porosity from MESSENGER gravity data." Icarus, 391: 115332 [10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115332]

    Goossens, S., and D. E. Smith. 2023. "Gravity degree–depth relationship using point mass spherical harmonics." Geophysical Journal International, 233 (3): 1878-1889 [10.1093/gji/ggad036]

    Bates, A., S. Goossens, J. Lorenzo, et al. L. Ojha, D. Hood, S. Karunatillake, S. K. Nawotniak, and T. Paladino. 2022. "Supervolcanic resurfacing in northwestern Arabia Terra, Mars." Icarus, 390: 115303 [10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115303]

    Smith, D. E., V. Viswanathan, E. Mazarico, et al. S. Goossens, J. W. Head, G. A. Neumann, and M. T. Zuber. 2022. "The Contribution of Small Impact Craters to Lunar Polar Wander." The Planetary Science Journal, 3: 217 [10.3847/PSJ/ac8c39]

    Bagheri, A., M. Efroimsky, J. Castillo-Rogez, et al. S. Goossens, A.-C. Plesa, N. Rambaux, A. Rhoden, M. Walterová, A. Khan, and D. Giardini. 2022. "Tidal insights into rocky and icy bodies: an introduction and overview." Advances in Geophysics, 63: 231-320 [10.1016/bs.agph.2022.07.004]

    Petricca, F., A. Genova, S. Goossens, L. Iess, and G. Spada. 2022. "Constraining the Internal Structures of Venus and Mars from the Gravity Response to Atmospheric Loading." The Planetary Science Journal, 3 (7): 164 [10.3847/psj/ac7878]

    Goossens, S., A. Genova, P. B. James, and E. Mazarico. 2022. "Estimation of Crust and Lithospheric Properties for Mercury from High-resolution Gravity and Topography." The Planetary Science Journal, 3 (6): 145 [10.3847/psj/ac703f]

    Genova, A., D. E. Smith, R. Canup, et al. T. A. Hurford, S. J. Goossens, E. Mazarico, G. A. Neumann, M. T. Zuber, F. Nimmo, M. Wieczorek, and E. B. Bierhaus. 2022. "Geodetic investigations of the mission concept MAGIC to reveal Callisto’s internal structure." Acta Astronautica, 195: 68-76 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.02.013]

    Ernst, C. M., N. L. Chabot, R. L. Klima, et al. S. Kubota, G. Rogers, P. K. Byrne, S. A. Hauck, K. E. Vander Kaaden, R. J. Vervack, S. Besse, D. T. Blewett, B. W. Denevi, S. Goossens, S. J. Indyk, N. R. Izenberg, C. L. Johnson, L. M. Jozwiak, H. Korth, R. L. McNutt, S. L. Murchie, P. N. Peplowski, J. M. Raines, E. B. Rampe, M. S. Thompson, and S. Z. Weider. 2022. "Science Goals and Mission Concept for a Landed Investigation of Mercury." The Planetary Science Journal, 3 (3): 68 [10.3847/psj/ac1c0f]

    Goossens, S., J. P. Renaud, W. G. Henning, et al. E. Mazarico, S. Bertone, and A. Genova. 2022. "Evaluation of Recent Measurements of Mercury’s Moments of Inertia and Tides Using a Comprehensive Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method." The Planetary Science Journal, 3 (2): 37 [10.3847/psj/ac4bb8]

    Goossens, S. J., D. D. Rowlands, E. Mazarico, et al. A. J. Liounis, J. L. Small, D. E. Highsmith, J. C. Swenson, J. R. Lyzhoft, B. W. Ashman, K. M. Getzandanner, J. M. Leonard, J. L. Geeraert, C. D. Adam, P. G. Antreasian, O. S. Barnouin, M. G. Daly, J. A. Seabrook, and D. S. Lauretta. 2021. "Mass and shape determination of (101955) Bennu using differenced data from multiple OSIRIS-REx mission phases." The Planetary Science Journal, 2 (6): [10.3847/PSJ/ac26c4]

    Goossens, S., Á. F. Mora, E. Heijkoop, and T. J. Sabaka. 2021. "Patched Local Lunar Gravity Solutions using GRAIL Data." Earth and Space Science, 8 (11): e2021EA00169 [10.1029/2021ea001695]

    Bertone, S., E. Mazarico, M. K. Barker, et al. S. J. Goossens, T. J. Sabaka, G. A. Neumann, and D. E. Smith. 2021. "Deriving Mercury geodetic parameters with altimetric crossovers from the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA)." Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets, 126 (4): e2020JE006683 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1029/2020JE006683]

    Scheeres, D. J., A. S. French, P. Tricarico, et al. S. R. Chesley, Y. Takahashi, D. Farnocchia, J. W. McMahon, D. N. Brack, A. B. Davis, R.-L. Ballouz, E. R. Jawin, B. Rozitis, J. P. Emery, A. J. Ryan, R. S. Park, B. P. Rush, N. Mastrodemos, B. M. Kennedy, J. Bellerose, D. P. Lubey, D. Velez, A. T. Vaughn, J. M. Leonard, J. Geeraert, B. Page, P. Antreasian, E. Mazarico, K. Getzandanner, D. D. Rowlands, M. C. Moreau, J. Small, D. E. Highsmith, S. J. Goossens, E. E. Palmer, J. R. Weirich, R. W. Gaskell, O. S. Barnouin, M. G. Daly, J. A. Seabrook, M. M. Al Asad, L. C. Philpott, C. L. Johnson, C. M. Hartzell, V. E. Hamilton, P. Michel, K. J. Walsh, M. C. Nolan, and D. S. Lauretta. 2020. "Heterogenous mass distribution of the rubble-pile asteroid (101955) Bennu." Science Advances, 6 (41): eabc3350 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1126/sciadv.abc3350]

    Goossens, S. J., T. J. Sabaka, M. A. Wieczorek, et al. G. A. Neumann, E. Mazarico, F. G. Lemoine, J. B. Nicholas, D. E. Smith, and M. T. Zuber. 2020. "High-resolution gravity field models from GRAIL data and implications for models of the density structure of the Moon’s crust." Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 125 (2): [10.1029/2019JE006086]

    Goossens, S. J., E. Mazarico, Y. Ishihara, B. Archinal, and L. Gaddis. 2020. "Improving the geometry of Kaguya extended mission data through refined orbit determination using laser altimetry." Icarus, 336: [10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113454]

    Genova, A., S. Goossens, E. Mazarico, et al. F. G. Lemoine, G. A. Neumann, W. Kuang, T. J. Sabaka, S. A. Hauck, II, D. E. Smith, S. C. Solomon, and M. T. Zuber. 2019. "Geodetic evidence that Mercury has a solid inner core." Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (7): 3625-3633 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1029/2018gl081135]

    Mazarico, E., G. A. Neumann, M. K. Barker, et al. S. J. Goossens, D. E. Smith, and M. T. Zuber. 2018. "Orbit determination of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: Status after Seven Years." Planetary and Space Science, 162: 2-19 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1016/j.pss.2017.10.004]

    Genova, A., E. Mazarico, S. J. Goossens, et al. F. G. Lemoine, G. A. Neumann, D. E. Smith, and M. T. Zuber. 2018. "Solar System Expansion and Strong Equivalence Principle as seen by the NASA MESSENGER mission." Nature Communications, 9: 289 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1038/s41467-017-02558-1]

    Goossens, S. J., T. J. Sabaka, A. Genova, et al. E. Mazarico, J. B. Nicholas, and G. A. Neumann. 2017. "Evidence for a Low Bulk Crustal Density for Mars from Gravity and Topography." Geophysical Research Letters, 44 (15): 7686–7694 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1002/2017GL074172]

    Jansen, J., J. Andrews-Hanna, Y. Li, et al. P. Lucey, G. Taylor, S. Goossens, F. Lemoine, E. Mazarico, J. Head, C. Milbury, W. Kiefer, J. Soderblom, and M. Zuber. 2017. "Small-scale density variations in the lunar crust revealed by GRAIL." Icarus, 291: 107-123 [10.1016/j.icarus.2017.03.017]

    Smith, D. E., M. T. Zuber, G. A. Neumann, et al. E. Mazarico, F. G. Lemoine, J. W. Head, P. G. Lucey, O. Aharonson, M. S. Robinson, X. Sun, M. H. Torrence, M. K. Barker, J. Oberst, T. C. Duxbury, D. Mao, O. S. Barnouin, K. Jha, D. D. Rowlands, S. Goossens, D. M. Hollibaugh Baker, S. Bauer, P. Gläser, M. Lemelin, M. Rosenburg, M. M. Sori, J. Whitten, and T. Mcclanahan. 2017. "Summary of the Results from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter after Seven Years in Lunar Orbit." Icarus, 283: 70-91 [10.1016/j.icarus.2016.06.006]

    Zuber, M. T., D. E. Smith, G. A. Neumann, et al. S. Goossens, J. C. Andrews-Hanna, J. W. Head, W. S. Kiefer, S. W. Asmar, A. S. Konopliv, F. G. Lemoine, I. Matsuyama, H. J. Melosh, P. J. McGovern, F. Nimmo, R. J. Phillips, S. C. Solomon, G. J. Taylor, M. M. Watkins, M. A. Wieczorek, J. G. Williams, J. C. Jansen, B. C. Johnson, J. T. Keane, E. Mazarico, K. Miljkovi, R. S. Park, J. M. Soderblom, and D.-N. Yuan. 2016. "Gravity field of the Orientale basin from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory Mission." Science, 354 (6311): 438-441 [10.1126/science.aag0519]

    Harada, Y., S. Goossens, K. Matsumoto, et al. J. Yan, J. Ping, H. Noda, and J. Haruyama. 2016. "The deep lunar interior with a low-viscosity zone: Revised constraints from recent geodetic parameters on the tidal response of the Moon." Icarus, 276: 96-101 [10.1016/j.icarus.2016.04.021]

    Genova, A., S. Goossens, F. G. Lemoine, et al. E. Mazarico, G. A. Neumann, D. E. Smith, and M. T. Zuber. 2016. "Seasonal and static gravity field of Mars from MGS, Mars Odyssey and MRO radio science." Icarus, 272: 228-245 [10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.050]

    Neumann, G. A., M. T. Zuber, M. A. Wieczorek, et al. J. W. Head, D. M. Baker, S. C. Solomon, D. E. Smith, F. G. Lemoine, E. Mazarico, T. J. Sabaka, S. J. Goossens, H. J. Melosh, R. J. Phillips, S. W. Asmar, A. S. Konopliv, J. G. Williams, M. M. Sori, J. M. Soderblom, K. Miljkovic, J. C. Andrews-Hanna, F. Nimmo, and W. S. Kiefer. 2015. "Lunar impact basins revealed by Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory measurements." Science Advances, 1 (9): e1500852-e1500852 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1126/sciadv.1500852]

    Genova, A., S. J. Goossens, F. G. Lemoine, et al. E. Mazarico, S. K. Fricke, D. E. Smith, and M. T. Zuber. 2015. "Long-term variability of CO2 and O in the Mars upper atmosphere from MRO radio science data." J. Geophys. Res.-Planets, 120 (5): 849-868 [10.1002/2014JE004770]

    Mazarico, E., A. Genova, S. J. Goossens, et al. F. G. Lemoine, G. A. Neumann, D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, and S. C. Solomon. 2014. "The Gravity Field, Orientation, and Ephemeris of Mercury from MESSENGER Observations after Three Years in Orbit." J. Geophysical Res.-Planets, 119: 2417–2436 [10.1002/2014JE004675]

    Harada, Y., S. J. Goossens, K. Matsumoto, et al. J. Yan, J. Ping, H. Noda, and J. Haruyama. 2014. "Strong tidal heating in an ultralow-viscosity zone at the core-mantle boundary of the Moon." Nature Geoscience, 7: 569-572 [doi:10.1038/ngeo2211]

    Williams, J. G., A. S. Konopliv, D. H. Boggs, et al. R. S. Park, D.-N. Yuan, F. G. Lemoine, S. J. Goossens, E. Mazarico, F. Nimmo, R. C. Weber, S. W. Asmar, H. J. Melosh, G. A. Neumann, R. J. Phillips, D. E. Smith, S. C. Solomon, M. M. Watkins, M. A. Wieczorek, J. C. Andrews-Hanna, J. W. Head, W. S. Kiefer, I. Matsuyama, P. J. McGovern, G. J. Taylor, and M. T. Zuber. 2014. "Lunar interior properties from the GRAIL mission." J. Geophys. Res.-Planets, [10.1002/2013JE004559]

    Goossens, S. J., T. J. Sabaka, J. B. Nicholas, et al. F. G. Lemoine, D. D. Rowlands, E. Mazarico, G. A. Neumann, D. E. Smith, and M. T. Zuber. 2014. "High-resolution local gravity model of the south pole of the Moon from GRAIL extended mission data." Geophys. Res. Lett., 41 (10): 3367-3374 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1002/2014GL060178]

    Lemoine, F. G., S. J. Goossens, T. J. Sabaka, et al. J. B. Nicholas, E. Mazarico, D. D. Rowlands, B. D. Loomis, D. S. Chinn, G. A. Neumann, D. E. Smith, and M. T. Zuber. 2014. "GRGM900C: A degree-900 lunar gravity model from GRAIL primary and extended mission data." Geophys. Res. Lett., 41 (10): 3382-3389 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1002/2014GL060027]

    Lemoine, F. G., S. J. Goossens, T. J. Sabaka, et al. J. B. Nicholas, E. M. Mazarico, D. D. Rowlands, B. D. Loomis, D. S. Chinn, D. S. Caprette, G. A. Neumann, D. E. Smith, and M. T. Zuber. 2013. "High-degree gravity models from GRAIL primary mission data." J. Geophys. Res.-Planets, 118: 1676-1698 [10.1002/jgre.20118]

    Zuber, M. T., D. E. Smith, M. M. Watkins, et al. S. W. Asmar, A. S. Konopoliv, F. G. Lemoine, H. J. Melosh, R. J. Phillips, G. A. Neumann, S. C. Solomon, M. A. Wieczorek, J. G. Williams, S. J. Goossens, G. Kruizinga, E. M. Mazarico, R. S. Park, and D. Yuan. 2012. "Gravity field of the Moon from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission." Science, 339 (6120): 668-671 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1126/science.1231507]

    Smith, D. E., M. T. Zuber, R. Phillips, et al. S. Solomon, S. Hauck, F. G. Lemoine, E. M. Mazarico, G. A. Neumann, S. Peale, J. Margot, C. C. Johnson, M. H. Torrence, M. E. Perry, D. D. Rowlands, S. J. Goossens, J. Head, and A. Taylor. 2012. "Gravity Field and Internal Structure of Mercury from MESSENGER ." Science, 336 (6078): 214-217 [Full Text (Link)] [ 10.1126/science.1218809]

    Goossens, S. J., Y. Ishihara, K. Matsumoto, and S. Sasaki. 2012. "Local lunar gravity field analysis over the South Pole-Aitken basin from SELENE farside tracking data." Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, 117: [10.1029/2011JE003831]

    Liu, Q., K. Matsumoto, T. Iwata, et al. N. Namiki, H. Noda, H. Hanada, Y. Ishihara, S. J. Goossens, F. Kikuchi, K. Asari, S. Tsuruta, T. Ishikawa, S. Sasaki, and T. Takano. 2011. "Effect of Phase Pattern of Antennas Onboard Flying Spin Satellites on Doppler Measurements ." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 47 (1): 405-419 [10.1109/TAES.2011.5705683]

    Fok, H. S., C. K. Shum, Y. Yi, et al. H. Araki, J. Ping, J. G. Williams, G. Fotopoulos, H. Noda, S. Goossens, Q. Huang, Y. Ishihara, K. Matsumoto, J. Oberst, and S. Sasaki. 2011. "Accuracy Assessment of Lunar Topography Models, Earth, Planets and Space." Earth Planets and Space , 63: 15-23 [ 10.5047/eps.2010.08.005]

    Ishihara, Y., T. Morota, R. Nakamura, S. Goossens, and S. Sasaki. 2011. "Anomalous Moscoviense Basin: Single Oblique Impact or Double Impact Origin?" Geophysical Research Letters, 38: L03201 [ 10.1029/2010GL045887]

    Goossens, S. J., K. Matsumoto, D. D. Rowlands, et al. F. G. Lemoine, H. Noda, and H. Araki. 2011. "Orbit determination of the SELENE satellites using multi-satellite data types and evaluation of SELENE gravity field models." J. Geodesy, 85: 487-504 [10.1007/s00190-011-0446-2]

    Goossens, S. J., K. Matsumoto, Q. Liu, et al. F. Kikuchi, K. Sato, H. Hanada, Y. Ishihara, H. Noda, N. Kawano, N. Namiki, T. Iwata, F. G. Lemoine, D. D. Rowlands, Y. Harada, and M. Chen. 2011. "Lunar gravity field determination using SELENE same-beam differential VLBI tracking data." J. Geodesy, 85 (4): 205-228 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1007/s00190-010-0430-2]

    Goossens, S. J. 2010. "Applying spectral leakage corrections to gravity field determination from satellite tracking data." Geophysical Journal International, 181 (3): 1459-1472 [10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04585.x]

    Matsumoto, K., S. J. Goossens, Y. Ishihara, et al. Q. Liu, F. Kikuchi, T. Iwata, N. Namiki, H. Noda, H. Hanada, N. Kawano, F. G. Lemoine, and D. D. Rowlands. 2010. "An improved lunar gravity field model from SELENE and historical tracking data: Revealing the farside gravity features." J. Geophys. Res.-Planets, 115: E06007 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1029/2009JE003499]

    Araki, H., S. Tazawa, H. Noda, et al. Y. Ishihara, S. J. Goossens, S. Sasaki, N. Kawano, I. Kamiya, H. Otake, J. Oberst, and C. Shum. 2009. "Lunar global shape and polar topography derived from KAGUYA-LALT laser altimetry." Science, 323: 897-900 [doi:10.1126/science.1164146]

    Namiki, N., T. Iwata, K. Matsumoto, et al. H. Hanada, H. Noda, S. J. Goossens, M. Ogawa, N. Kawano, K. Asari, S. Tsuruta, Y. Ishihara, Q. Liu, F. Kikuchi, T. Ishikawa, S. Sasaki, and C. Aoshima. 2009. "Farside gravity field of the Moon from four-way Doppler measurements of SELENE (Kaguya)." Science, 323: 900-905 [doi:10.1126/science.1168029]

    Goossens, S. J., and K. Matsumoto. 2008. "Lunar degree 2 potential Love number determination from satellite tracking data." Geophys. Res. Lett., 35: [doi:10.1029/2007GL031960]

    Noda, H., H. Araki, S. J. Goossens, et al. Y. Ishihara, K. Matsumoto, S. Tazawa, N. Kawano, and S. Sasaki. 2008. "Illumination conditions at the lunar polar regions by KAGUYA (SELENE) laser altimeter." Geophys. Res. Lett., 35: [doi:10.1029/2008GL035692]

    Goossens, S. J., and K. Matsumoto. 2007. "Lunar satellite orbit determination analysis and quality assessment from Lunar Prospector tracking data and SELENE simulations." Adv. Sp. Res., 40: 43-50 [10.1016/j.asr.2006.12.008]

    Goossens, S. J., P. Visser, and B. Ambrosius. 2005. "A method to determine regional lunar gravity fields from earth-based satellite tracking data." Planetary and Space Science, 53: 1331-1340 [10.1016/j.pss.2005.06.009]

    Goossens, S. J., P. Visser, K. Heki, and B. Ambrosius. 2005. "Local gravity from Lunar Prospector tracking data: Results for Mare Serenitatis." Earth, Planets and Space, 57: 1127-1132 [10.1186/BF03351893]

    Talks, Presentations and Posters

    Invited

    Evaluation of recent measurements of Mercury’s moments of inertia and tides using a comprehensive Markov Chain Monte Carlo method

     3 / 25 / 2022

    5th BepiColombo Geodesy and Geophysics Working Group Virtual Meeting

    What we learned about the interior of the Moon, Mercury and Mars from recent (and ongoing) NASA missions

     2 / 5 / 2019

    Seminar at Georgetown University in Washington, DC, in the Phsyics Seminars series.

    Tidal heating and the interior structure of the Moon

     12 / 3 / 2014

    Seminar at the Physics Department of UMBC.

    Lunar exploration in Japan: scientific results from Kaguya (SELENE) and future mission plans

     7 / 27 / 2010

    Seminar at Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands.

    Selenodetic results from the Kaguya (SELENE) mission

     7 / 26 / 2010

    Seminar at the Royal Observatory of Belgium.

    SELENE orbit determination and gravity field model evaluation

     7 / 2010

    Oral presentation at 38th COSPAR Assembly, 2010.

    Orbit determination and quality assessment Using SELENE tracking data and results

     7 / 2008

    Oral presentation at 37th COSPAR Assembly, 2008.

    Global lunar gravity field determination using historical and recent tracking data in preparation for SELENE

     12 / 2006

    Oral presentation at AGU Fall Meeting, 2006.

    Lunar satellite orbit determination analysis and quality assessment from Lunar Prospector tracking data and SELENE simulations

     7 / 2006

    Oral presentation at 36th COSPAR Assembly, 2006.

    Other

    Mercury Deep Interior

     6 / 16 / 2021

    Science Discussion Solar System Exploration Division, GSFC

    Planetary Geodesy: Determining Terrestrial Planets’ Interior Structure from Gravity and Topography

     4 / 16 / 2021

    Seminar for the Society of Physics Students, UMBC

    Mass and shape determination of (101955) Bennu using inter-orbital phase tracking data

     1 / 27 / 2021

    Solar System Exploration Science Seminar for the Director of Science and Exploration of GSFC

    Mass and Shape Determination of (101955) Bennu Using Inter-Orbital Phase Tracking Data

     12 / 16 / 2020

    AGU Fall Meeting, P081-0009, Poster.

    Mass and shape determination of asteroid (101955) Bennu with OSIRIS-REx data

     12 / 4 / 2020

    CRESST II Retreat

    Interior structure modeling of the terrestrial planets using gravity and topography

     11 / 13 / 2020

    CRESST II Undergrad Interaction Day

    Updated Kaguya Extended Mission Orbit Product for Improving the Geometry of the Extended Mission Data

     6 / 18 / 2019

    Oral presentation at the 4th Planetary Data Workshop, 2019.

    Estimation of Crust and Lithospheric Properties for Mercury from High-Resolution Gravity Field Models

     5 / 22 / 2019

    Seminar for the director of the Solar System Exploration Division of GSFC.

    Estimation of Crust and Lithospheric Properties for Mercury from High-Resolution Gravity Field Models

     3 / 19 / 2019

    Oral presentation at the 50th LPSC, 2019.

    How GRAIL and LOLA data help improve the geometry of the data of the lunar Kaguya mission

     2 / 27 / 2019

    Seminar for the director of the Solar System Exploration Division at GSFC.

    Venus Gravity Field Determination Using Magellan and Venus Express Tracking Data

     11 / 7 / 2018

    Oral presentation at VEXAG 2018 meeting.

    Improving the geometry of Kaguya extended mission data through refined orbit determination using laser altimetry data

     7 / 17 / 2018

    Oral presentation at COSPAR 2018 meeting.

    A high-resolution global map of lunar gravity from patched local solutions using GRAIL data

     3 / 23 / 2018

    Oral presentation at the 49th LPSC, 2018.

    Estimating crustal properties directly from satellite tracking data by using a topography-based constraint

     12 / 10 / 2017

    Oral presentation at AGU Fall Meeting, 2017.

    Evidence for a Low Bulk Crustal Density for Mars from Gravity and Topography

     10 / 25 / 2017

    Seminar for the director of the Solar System Exploration Division of GSFC.

    Global and Local Gravity Field Models of the Moon Using GRAIL Primary and Extended Mission Data

     3 / 16 / 2015

    Oral Presentation at 48th LPSC meeting, 2017.

    Selected Public Outreach

    Small Craters Add Up to Wandering Poles on Moon 9 / 2022 - 9 / 2022
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-study-small-craters-add-up-to-wandering-poles-on-moon

    A NASA article highlighting a new paper by Smith, Viswanathan, et al. (for the paper, see here) where we investigated the effect of small craters on True Polar Wander (reorientation of the Moon), finding that small craters are important and together have shifted the Moon's axis about 10 degrees. A companioon article also appeared at UMBC (see here), highlighting Dr. Vishnu Viswanathan's contributions to this work.

    Moon’s Porosity Changes Cratering History, Study Says 8 / 2022 - 8 / 2022
    https://eos.org/articles/moons-porosity-changes-cratering-history-study-says

    Provided comments on a recent paper in Nature Geoscience that looked at the porosity of the Moon's crust and its bombardment history (for the paper, see here).

    NCCS-Enabled Gravity Models Reveal Density of Moon’s Crust 4 / 2020 - 4 / 2020
    https://www.nccs.nasa.gov/news-events/nccs-highlights/moon-crust

    Results for the recent paper by Goossens et al. (2020) on the density of the crust of the Moon as determined from GRAIL data were obtained with the use of the supercomputing facilities of the NASA Center for Climate Simulation at GSFC. This piece highlights the results and computational resources applied.

    UMBC’s Sander Goossens determines structure of Mercury’s core as part of NASA team. 9 / 2019 - 9 / 2019
    https://tinyurl.com/y48ldssv

    A news article at UMBC describing the results of the Genova et al. (2019) paper, which presents geodetic evidence for the existence of a solid inner core for Mercury.

    Mercury’s Spin and Gravity Reveals the Planet’s Inner Solid Core 4 / 2019 - 4 / 2019
    https://tinyurl.com/yybzyt8d

    A NASA press release discussing the results and implications of the Genova et al. (2019) paper on Mercury's interior structure.

    New Gravity Map Suggests Mars Has a Porous Crust 9 / 2017 - 9 / 2017
    https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/new-gravity-map-suggests-mars-has-a-porous-crust

    A NASA press release describing the results of the Goossens et al. (2017) paper on the crustal density of Mars.

    NASA Studies Asteroid Collisions From Millions Of Years Ago 12 / 2016 - 12 / 2016
    http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2016/12/12/nasa-studies-asteroid-collisions-from-millions-of

    A television interview with Alex DeMetrick of the CBS affiliate WJZ, discussing the Orientale Science paper by Zuber et al. (2016).

    UMBC research analyzes close-up of massive moon crater, a remnant of early solar system 12 / 2016 - 12 / 2016
    http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-hs-umbc-moon-crater-20161209-story.html

    An interview with the Baltimore Sun about the Orientale Science paper by Zuber et al. (2016).

    New Science cover story on massive Moon crater features innovative UMBC research techniques 11 / 2016 - 11 / 2016
    http://news.umbc.edu/new-science-cover-story-on-massive-moon-crater-features-innovative-um

    An interview published at the UMBC News site that highlights the Zuber et al. (2016) Science paper (with cover image) on Mare Orientale.

    Three Cool Things We’ve Learned From NASA's Mars Gravity Map 3 / 2016 - 3 / 2016
    http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/03/160324-mars-nasa-gravity-map-space-science/

    An article at National Geopgraphic highlighting the new Mars gravity field model that was published in the Genova et al. (2016) paper.

    Local Model Better Describes Lunar Gravity 10 / 2014 - 10 / 2014
    https://eos.org/research-spotlights/local-model-better-describes-lunar-gravity

    A research highlight in EOS, describing the Goossens et al. (2014) paper that presents a high-resolution local model of lunar gravity at the south pole. This paper also provided the cover image for the issue of Geophysical Research Letters in which it appeared. This cover image was subsequently featured in Discover magazine, and used for other articles in that magazine as well (for example, see this article about drilling into the Chicxulub crater).

    Earth's pull melts layer around Moon's core 7 / 2014 - 7 / 2014
    http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/07/28/4053888.htm

    An interview with the Australian ABC news site about a possible low-viscosity zone in the deep lunar interior, published in a Nature Geoscience (Harada et al., 2014) paper.

    Brief Bio

    Sander Goossens received his PhD in 2005 from Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering in the Netherlands. From 2005-2011 he worked at the National Astronomical Observatory in Japan on the SELenological and ENgineering Explorer (SELENE) mission (also called Kaguya). He was involved in the determination of the gravity field of the Moon using the first-ever farside data (combined with available historical lunar tracking data), and in the determination of the topography of the Moon using laser altimeter data.

    In 2011 he joined the Planetary Geodynamics group (now: Planetary Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Laboratory, or PGG lab) at Goddard as a scientist with the Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science & Technology/University of Maryland Baltimore County. At Goddard, he has extensively worked on gravity field determination of various terrestrial planets: the Moon using GRAIL data, Mercury using MESSENGER data, Mars using a combination of MGS, Odyssey, and MRO data, Venus using Magellan and Venus Express data, and Titan and Enceladus using Cassini data. These results have been used to infer models of the interior structure of the planets. In August 2021 he became a NASA employee in the PGG lab.


    Recent highlights include:

    • Deriving a relationship between spherical harmonic degree and source depth, that can help interpretations of gravity field models. See here for the paper.
    • Involvement in a study that investigated the influence of small craters on true polar wander on the Moon, showing that although small, they resulted in a displacement of the Moon's pole by ~10˚ along the Earth-Moon tidal axis. See here for the paper.
    • Provided the geophysical modeling to investigate the north-western Arabia Terra area on Mars. The geophysical analysis was in support of geochemical analysis showing supervolcanic resurfacing. See here for the paper.
    • Used a novel combination of differenced image data to improve estimates of asteroid 101955 Bennu's shape, mass, rotation state, and gravity field. See here for the paper.


    Currently, he is working on an analysis of GRAIL data to determine the deep interior structure of the Moon, and Cassini data to determine the gravity field of Saturn's moons Titan and Enceladus. He is a Participating Scientist for Juno's Extended Mission, focusing on the gravity field determination of the Galilean moons. He is also a Participating Scientist for JAXA's MMX mission, where he will use radio, camera, and laser altimeter data to determine Mars' moons' rotational state and gravity field and to verify models of their shape.

    Publications

    Refereed

    Cascioli, G., J. P. Renaud, E. Mazarico, et al. D. Durante, L. Iess, S. J. Goossens, and S. E. Smrekar. 2023. "Constraining the Venus interior structure with future VERITAS measurements of the gravitational atmospheric loading." The Planetary Science Journal 4 (65): [Full Text (Link)] [10.3847/PSJ/acc73c]

    Genova, A., S. Goossens, E. Del Vecchio, et al. F. Petricca, M. Beuthe, M. Wieczorek, G. Chiarolanza, G. di Achille, G. Mitri, I. Di Stefano, B. Charlier, E. Mazarico, and P. James. 2023. "Regional variations of Mercury's crustal density and porosity from MESSENGER gravity data." Icarus 391 115332 [10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115332]

    Goossens, S., and D. E. Smith. 2023. "Gravity degree–depth relationship using point mass spherical harmonics." Geophysical Journal International 233 (3): 1878-1889 [10.1093/gji/ggad036]

    Bates, A., S. Goossens, J. Lorenzo, et al. L. Ojha, D. Hood, S. Karunatillake, S. K. Nawotniak, and T. Paladino. 2022. "Supervolcanic resurfacing in northwestern Arabia Terra, Mars." Icarus 390 115303 [10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115303]

    Smith, D. E., V. Viswanathan, E. Mazarico, et al. S. Goossens, J. W. Head, G. A. Neumann, and M. T. Zuber. 2022. "The Contribution of Small Impact Craters to Lunar Polar Wander." The Planetary Science Journal 3 217 [10.3847/PSJ/ac8c39]

    Bagheri, A., M. Efroimsky, J. Castillo-Rogez, et al. S. Goossens, A.-C. Plesa, N. Rambaux, A. Rhoden, M. Walterová, A. Khan, and D. Giardini. 2022. "Tidal insights into rocky and icy bodies: an introduction and overview." Advances in Geophysics 63 231-320 [10.1016/bs.agph.2022.07.004]

    Petricca, F., A. Genova, S. Goossens, L. Iess, and G. Spada. 2022. "Constraining the Internal Structures of Venus and Mars from the Gravity Response to Atmospheric Loading." The Planetary Science Journal 3 (7): 164 [10.3847/psj/ac7878]

    Goossens, S., A. Genova, P. B. James, and E. Mazarico. 2022. "Estimation of Crust and Lithospheric Properties for Mercury from High-resolution Gravity and Topography." The Planetary Science Journal 3 (6): 145 [10.3847/psj/ac703f]

    Genova, A., D. E. Smith, R. Canup, et al. T. A. Hurford, S. J. Goossens, E. Mazarico, G. A. Neumann, M. T. Zuber, F. Nimmo, M. Wieczorek, and E. B. Bierhaus. 2022. "Geodetic investigations of the mission concept MAGIC to reveal Callisto’s internal structure." Acta Astronautica 195 68-76 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.02.013]

    Ernst, C. M., N. L. Chabot, R. L. Klima, et al. S. Kubota, G. Rogers, P. K. Byrne, S. A. Hauck, K. E. Vander Kaaden, R. J. Vervack, S. Besse, D. T. Blewett, B. W. Denevi, S. Goossens, S. J. Indyk, N. R. Izenberg, C. L. Johnson, L. M. Jozwiak, H. Korth, R. L. McNutt, S. L. Murchie, P. N. Peplowski, J. M. Raines, E. B. Rampe, M. S. Thompson, and S. Z. Weider. 2022. "Science Goals and Mission Concept for a Landed Investigation of Mercury." The Planetary Science Journal 3 (3): 68 [10.3847/psj/ac1c0f]

    Goossens, S., J. P. Renaud, W. G. Henning, et al. E. Mazarico, S. Bertone, and A. Genova. 2022. "Evaluation of Recent Measurements of Mercury’s Moments of Inertia and Tides Using a Comprehensive Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method." The Planetary Science Journal 3 (2): 37 [10.3847/psj/ac4bb8]

    Goossens, S. J., D. D. Rowlands, E. Mazarico, et al. A. J. Liounis, J. L. Small, D. E. Highsmith, J. C. Swenson, J. R. Lyzhoft, B. W. Ashman, K. M. Getzandanner, J. M. Leonard, J. L. Geeraert, C. D. Adam, P. G. Antreasian, O. S. Barnouin, M. G. Daly, J. A. Seabrook, and D. S. Lauretta. 2021. "Mass and shape determination of (101955) Bennu using differenced data from multiple OSIRIS-REx mission phases." The Planetary Science Journal 2 (6): [10.3847/PSJ/ac26c4]

    Goossens, S., Á. F. Mora, E. Heijkoop, and T. J. Sabaka. 2021. "Patched Local Lunar Gravity Solutions using GRAIL Data." Earth and Space Science 8 (11): e2021EA00169 [10.1029/2021ea001695]

    Bertone, S., E. Mazarico, M. K. Barker, et al. S. J. Goossens, T. J. Sabaka, G. A. Neumann, and D. E. Smith. 2021. "Deriving Mercury geodetic parameters with altimetric crossovers from the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA)." Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets 126 (4): e2020JE006683 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1029/2020JE006683]

    Scheeres, D. J., A. S. French, P. Tricarico, et al. S. R. Chesley, Y. Takahashi, D. Farnocchia, J. W. McMahon, D. N. Brack, A. B. Davis, R.-L. Ballouz, E. R. Jawin, B. Rozitis, J. P. Emery, A. J. Ryan, R. S. Park, B. P. Rush, N. Mastrodemos, B. M. Kennedy, J. Bellerose, D. P. Lubey, D. Velez, A. T. Vaughn, J. M. Leonard, J. Geeraert, B. Page, P. Antreasian, E. Mazarico, K. Getzandanner, D. D. Rowlands, M. C. Moreau, J. Small, D. E. Highsmith, S. J. Goossens, E. E. Palmer, J. R. Weirich, R. W. Gaskell, O. S. Barnouin, M. G. Daly, J. A. Seabrook, M. M. Al Asad, L. C. Philpott, C. L. Johnson, C. M. Hartzell, V. E. Hamilton, P. Michel, K. J. Walsh, M. C. Nolan, and D. S. Lauretta. 2020. "Heterogenous mass distribution of the rubble-pile asteroid (101955) Bennu." Science Advances 6 (41): eabc3350 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1126/sciadv.abc3350]

    Goossens, S. J., T. J. Sabaka, M. A. Wieczorek, et al. G. A. Neumann, E. Mazarico, F. G. Lemoine, J. B. Nicholas, D. E. Smith, and M. T. Zuber. 2020. "High-resolution gravity field models from GRAIL data and implications for models of the density structure of the Moon’s crust." Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 125 (2): [10.1029/2019JE006086]

    Goossens, S. J., E. Mazarico, Y. Ishihara, B. Archinal, and L. Gaddis. 2020. "Improving the geometry of Kaguya extended mission data through refined orbit determination using laser altimetry." Icarus 336 [10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113454]

    Genova, A., S. Goossens, E. Mazarico, et al. F. G. Lemoine, G. A. Neumann, W. Kuang, T. J. Sabaka, S. A. Hauck, II, D. E. Smith, S. C. Solomon, and M. T. Zuber. 2019. "Geodetic evidence that Mercury has a solid inner core." Geophysical Research Letters 46 (7): 3625-3633 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1029/2018gl081135]

    Mazarico, E., G. A. Neumann, M. K. Barker, et al. S. J. Goossens, D. E. Smith, and M. T. Zuber. 2018. "Orbit determination of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: Status after Seven Years." Planetary and Space Science 162 2-19 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1016/j.pss.2017.10.004]

    Genova, A., E. Mazarico, S. J. Goossens, et al. F. G. Lemoine, G. A. Neumann, D. E. Smith, and M. T. Zuber. 2018. "Solar System Expansion and Strong Equivalence Principle as seen by the NASA MESSENGER mission." Nature Communications 9 289 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1038/s41467-017-02558-1]

    Goossens, S. J., T. J. Sabaka, A. Genova, et al. E. Mazarico, J. B. Nicholas, and G. A. Neumann. 2017. "Evidence for a Low Bulk Crustal Density for Mars from Gravity and Topography." Geophysical Research Letters 44 (15): 7686–7694 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1002/2017GL074172]

    Jansen, J., J. Andrews-Hanna, Y. Li, et al. P. Lucey, G. Taylor, S. Goossens, F. Lemoine, E. Mazarico, J. Head, C. Milbury, W. Kiefer, J. Soderblom, and M. Zuber. 2017. "Small-scale density variations in the lunar crust revealed by GRAIL." Icarus 291 107-123 [10.1016/j.icarus.2017.03.017]

    Smith, D. E., M. T. Zuber, G. A. Neumann, et al. E. Mazarico, F. G. Lemoine, J. W. Head, P. G. Lucey, O. Aharonson, M. S. Robinson, X. Sun, M. H. Torrence, M. K. Barker, J. Oberst, T. C. Duxbury, D. Mao, O. S. Barnouin, K. Jha, D. D. Rowlands, S. Goossens, D. M. Hollibaugh Baker, S. Bauer, P. Gläser, M. Lemelin, M. Rosenburg, M. M. Sori, J. Whitten, and T. Mcclanahan. 2017. "Summary of the Results from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter after Seven Years in Lunar Orbit." Icarus 283 70-91 [10.1016/j.icarus.2016.06.006]

    Zuber, M. T., D. E. Smith, G. A. Neumann, et al. S. Goossens, J. C. Andrews-Hanna, J. W. Head, W. S. Kiefer, S. W. Asmar, A. S. Konopliv, F. G. Lemoine, I. Matsuyama, H. J. Melosh, P. J. McGovern, F. Nimmo, R. J. Phillips, S. C. Solomon, G. J. Taylor, M. M. Watkins, M. A. Wieczorek, J. G. Williams, J. C. Jansen, B. C. Johnson, J. T. Keane, E. Mazarico, K. Miljkovi, R. S. Park, J. M. Soderblom, and D.-N. Yuan. 2016. "Gravity field of the Orientale basin from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory Mission." Science 354 (6311): 438-441 [10.1126/science.aag0519]

    Harada, Y., S. Goossens, K. Matsumoto, et al. J. Yan, J. Ping, H. Noda, and J. Haruyama. 2016. "The deep lunar interior with a low-viscosity zone: Revised constraints from recent geodetic parameters on the tidal response of the Moon." Icarus 276 96-101 [10.1016/j.icarus.2016.04.021]

    Genova, A., S. Goossens, F. G. Lemoine, et al. E. Mazarico, G. A. Neumann, D. E. Smith, and M. T. Zuber. 2016. "Seasonal and static gravity field of Mars from MGS, Mars Odyssey and MRO radio science." Icarus 272 228-245 [10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.050]

    Neumann, G. A., M. T. Zuber, M. A. Wieczorek, et al. J. W. Head, D. M. Baker, S. C. Solomon, D. E. Smith, F. G. Lemoine, E. Mazarico, T. J. Sabaka, S. J. Goossens, H. J. Melosh, R. J. Phillips, S. W. Asmar, A. S. Konopliv, J. G. Williams, M. M. Sori, J. M. Soderblom, K. Miljkovic, J. C. Andrews-Hanna, F. Nimmo, and W. S. Kiefer. 2015. "Lunar impact basins revealed by Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory measurements." Science Advances 1 (9): e1500852-e1500852 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1126/sciadv.1500852]

    Genova, A., S. J. Goossens, F. G. Lemoine, et al. E. Mazarico, S. K. Fricke, D. E. Smith, and M. T. Zuber. 2015. "Long-term variability of CO2 and O in the Mars upper atmosphere from MRO radio science data." J. Geophys. Res.-Planets 120 (5): 849-868 [10.1002/2014JE004770]

    Mazarico, E., A. Genova, S. J. Goossens, et al. F. G. Lemoine, G. A. Neumann, D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, and S. C. Solomon. 2014. "The Gravity Field, Orientation, and Ephemeris of Mercury from MESSENGER Observations after Three Years in Orbit." J. Geophysical Res.-Planets 119 2417–2436 [10.1002/2014JE004675]

    Harada, Y., S. J. Goossens, K. Matsumoto, et al. J. Yan, J. Ping, H. Noda, and J. Haruyama. 2014. "Strong tidal heating in an ultralow-viscosity zone at the core-mantle boundary of the Moon." Nature Geoscience 7 569-572 [doi:10.1038/ngeo2211]

    Williams, J. G., A. S. Konopliv, D. H. Boggs, et al. R. S. Park, D.-N. Yuan, F. G. Lemoine, S. J. Goossens, E. Mazarico, F. Nimmo, R. C. Weber, S. W. Asmar, H. J. Melosh, G. A. Neumann, R. J. Phillips, D. E. Smith, S. C. Solomon, M. M. Watkins, M. A. Wieczorek, J. C. Andrews-Hanna, J. W. Head, W. S. Kiefer, I. Matsuyama, P. J. McGovern, G. J. Taylor, and M. T. Zuber. 2014. "Lunar interior properties from the GRAIL mission." J. Geophys. Res.-Planets [10.1002/2013JE004559]

    Goossens, S. J., T. J. Sabaka, J. B. Nicholas, et al. F. G. Lemoine, D. D. Rowlands, E. Mazarico, G. A. Neumann, D. E. Smith, and M. T. Zuber. 2014. "High-resolution local gravity model of the south pole of the Moon from GRAIL extended mission data." Geophys. Res. Lett. 41 (10): 3367-3374 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1002/2014GL060178]

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