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Dr. Jie Gong

Photo of JIE GONG

Dr. Jie Gong

  • RSCH AST, CLIMATE AND RADIATION STD
  • 301.614.6154
  • NASA/GSFC
  • Mail Code: 613
  • Greenbelt , MD 20771
  • Employer: NASA

    • Brief Bio

    I came to NASA Goddard as a co-op scientist in 2012, right after the completion of my 2-yr postdoc training at JPL. I joined the civil service from December 2022. My research interests span across multitudes, from ice cloud/frozen hydrometeor remote sensing to atmospheric gravity waves, from boundary layer water vapor to lower atmosphere - ionosphere/thermosphere coupling. My current projects focus on (1) developing better frozen hydrometeor retrieval algorithms for next generation radiometers; (2) expanding machine learning techniques to better solve atmospheric science problems; (3) understanding lower-upper atmosphere coupling using satellite observations, model simulations and ML techniques. I completed my PhD and undergraduate training from Stony Brook University and Peking University, respectively. In my spare time, I love to spend time with my two kids and husband at swimming pool, hiking, reading, watching movies and taking vacations around the world.

    Research Interests

    Frozen hydrometer remote sensing; cloud and water vapor; gravity waves

    • Frozen hydrometer microphysical property retrievals and radiative transfer;
    • Machine learning/artificial intelligence applications in cloud and precipitation remote sensing;
    • Cloud and precipitation coupling processes;
    • Atmospheric gravity waves; cloud-gravity wave interactions;
    • Troposphere-stratosphere exchanges through clouds and waves;
    • Lower-upper atmosphere coupling; sun-upper atmosphere coupling

    Positions/Employment

    12/2022 - Present

    Research AST

    NASA Climate and Radiation Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
    12/2021 - 11/2022

    Senior Research Scientist

    UMBC/GESTAR-II, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
    12/2021 - 3/2022

    Senior Research Scientist & Group Lead

    UMBC/GESTAR-II, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
    10/2020 - 11/2021

    Senior Scientist and Manager

    GESTAR, Universities Space Research Association (USRA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
    1/2020 - 10/2020

    Senior Scientist

    GESTAR, Universities Space Research Association (USRA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
    7/2013 - 12/2019

    Research Scientist II

    GESTAR, Universities Space Research Association (USRA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
    3/2012 - 6/2013

    Research Scientist I

    GESTAR, Universities Space Research Association (USRA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
    2/2010 - 3/2012

    Postdoc Scholar

    California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA

    Teaching Experience

    Regularly recruiting summer interns to conduct projects on a variety of topics. High school and colleague students with strong computation programing skills and solid math/physics backgrounds are encouraged to contact me if you'd like to conduct an internship.

    Education

    Ph.D. in Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Dec. 2009
    B.S. in Atmospheric Sciences, Peking University, June 2005
    B.S. (double-major) in Economics, Peking University, June 2005

    Professional Service

    Regular reviewer for J. Geophys. Res., Geophys. Res. Lett., Mon. Weather Rev., Atmos. Chem. Phys., Ann. Geophys., Atmos. Res., International J. of Remote Sensing, JASTP, etc.

    Reviewer for NASA NPP, ROSES and SBIR, and NSF proposals

    Panelist of NSF and NASA programs

     

    Awards

    Scientific Leadership Award, Climate and Radiation Lab, GSFC, February 2022

    Special award for an act of exceptional merit, Climate and Radiation Lab, GSFC, January 2021

    Editor's citation for excellence in refereeing, Geophys. Res. Lett., June 2020

    Robert H. Goddard Award in Engineering as one IceCube team member, May 2019

    Best Senior Author Paper Award from 610 AT (Earth Science Division: Atmospheres), GSFC, September 2017

    Editor's citation for excellence in refereeing, J. Geophys. Res. - Atmosphere, March 2017

    Best First-authored Paper Award from Climate and Radiation Lab, GSFC, January 2017

    Editor's citation for excellence in refereeing, J. Geophys. Res. - Atmosphere, March 2016

    GESTAR Mission Achievement Award, May 2013

    Grants

    02/01/2023 - 01/31/2028 PI: USPI, NASA ROSES

    Enhancing Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) ice cloud retrieval products and preparation for all-sky data assimilation of ICI observations in NASA GEOS

    ; PI
    01/01/2023 - 12/31/2024 Co-I: NOAA BAA, NOAA

    Developing the NOAA Next Generation Hyperspectral Microwave Sensor (HyMS): Instrument Concept and Demonstration of Benefits for the NOAA mission

    ; Co-I
    10/01/2022 - 09/30/2024 PI: HTM, NASA ROSES

    Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) to support the Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer (EZIE) mission

    ; PI
    10/15/2022 - 10/14/2023 Co-I: IRAD, NASA GSFC

    A Prototype Machine learning-based all-sky radiance data assimilation framework at microwave and submillimeter frequencies in preparation for AOS and CoSSIR

    ; Co-I
    05/02/2022 - 05/01/2026 Co-I: SciACT, NASA

    National Eclipse Ballooning Program 2022 - 2025

    03/01/2021 - 11/30/2021 Co-I: Space Grant, NASA

    Data Analysis for Atmospheric Gravity Wave Radiosonde Field Campaign for Eclipse 2020

    10/15/2019 - 03/01/2023 PI: CloudSat/Calipso, NASA

    Reconstructing the Floating Snow Diurnal Cycle and Ice Production Rate from Passive Microwave Measurements Using CloudSat-CALIPSO as the Baseline

    08/16/2019 - 08/15/2020 PI: ROSES-RRNES, NASA

    Making IceCube Data Scientifically Usable to the Community: Calibration, Delivery and Analysis of IceCube Level 1 Data

    04/01/2017 Co-I: ACMAP, NASA

    Investigation of Laminar Cirrus and its Roles in TTL Water Vapor

    07/01/2016 Co-I: CloudSat/Calipso, NASA

    Use of CloudSat and CALIPSO Data to Improve Cloud Anvil Modeling

    Publications

    Refereed

    Das, S., Y. Wang, J. Gong, et al. L. Ding, S. J. Munchak, C. Wang, D. L. Wu, L. Liao, W. S. Olson, and D. O. Barahona. 2022. "A Comprehensive Machine Learning Study to Classify Precipitation Type over Land from Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GPM-GMI) Measurements." Remote Sensing, 14 (15): 3631 [10.3390/rs14153631]

    Wu, D. L., J. Gong, and M. Ganeshan. 2022. "GNSS-RO Deep Refraction Signals from Moist Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL)." Atmosphere, 13 (6): 953 [10.3390/atmos13060953]

    Zeng, X., A. J. Heymsfield, Z. Ulanowski, et al. R. R. Neely, X. Li, J. Gong, and D. L. Wu. 2022. "The Radiative Effect on Cloud Microphysics from the Arctic to the Tropics." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, [10.1175/bams-d-21-0039.1]

    Gong, J., D. L. Wu, and P. Eriksson. 2021. "The first global 883 GHz cloud ice survey: IceCube Level 1 data calibration, processing and analysis." Earth System Science Data, [10.5194/essd-13-5369-2021]

    Wu, D. L., D. E. Jennings, K.-K. Choi, et al. M. D. Jhabvala, J. A. Limbacher, T. Flatley, K.-M. Kim, A. T. La, R. J. Salawitch, L. D. Oman, J. Gong, T. R. Holmes, D. C. Morton, T. Hewagama, and R. J. Swap. 2021. "Compact Thermal Imager (CTI) for Atmospheric Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing, 13 (22): 4578 [10.3390/rs13224578]

    Turk, F. J., S. E. Ringerud, A. Camplani, et al. D. Casella, R. J. Chase, A. Ebtehaj, J. Gong, M. Kulie, G. Liu, L. Milani, G. Panegrossi, R. Padullés, J.-F. Rysman, P. Sanò, S. Vahedizade, and N. B. Wood. 2021. "Applications of a CloudSat-TRMM and CloudSat-GPM Satellite Coincidence Dataset." Remote Sensing, 13 (12): 2264 [10.3390/rs13122264]

    Wang, T., D. L. Wu, J. Gong, and C. Wang. 2021. "Long‐term observations of upper‐tropospheric cloud ice from the MLS." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, [10.1029/2020jd034058]

    Padulles, R., E. Cardellach, F. J. Turk, et al. C. O. Ao, M. de la Torre Juarez, J. Gong, and D. L. Wu. 2021. "Sensing Horizontally Oriented Frozen Particles With Polarimetric Radio Occultations Aboard PAZ: Validation Using GMI Coincident Observations and Cloudsat a Priori Information." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1-13 [10.1109/tgrs.2021.3065119]

    Zeng, X., J. Gong, X. Li, and D. L. Wu. 2021. "Modeling the Radiative Effect on Microphysics in Cirrus Clouds against Satellite Observations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, [10.1029/2020jd033923]

    Gong, J., X. Zeng, D. L. Wu, et al. S. J. Munchak, X. Li, S. Kneifel, D. Ori, L. Liao, and D. Barahona. 2020. "Linkage among Ice Crystal Microphysics, Mesoscale Dynamics and Cloud and Precipitation Structures Revealed by Collocated Microwave Radiometer and Multi-frequency Radar Observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, [10.5194/acp-20-12633-2020]

    Wang, T., D. L. Wu, J. Gong, and V. Tsai. 2019. "Tropopause Laminar Cirrus and Its Role in the Lower Stratosphere Total Water Budget." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2018JD029845 [10.1029/2018jd029845]

    L. Carr, J., D. L. Wu, M. A. Kelly, and J. Gong. 2018. "MISR-GOES 3D Winds: Implications for Future LEO-GEO and LEO-LEO Winds." Remote Sensing, 10 (12): 1885 [10.3390/rs10121885]

    Wu, D., T. Wang, T. Várnai, et al. J. Limbacher, R. Kahn, G. Taha, J. Lee, J. Gong, and T. Yuan. 2018. "MISR Radiance Anomalies Induced by Stratospheric Volcanic Aerosols." Remote Sensing, 10 (12): 1875 [10.3390/rs10121875]

    Gong, J., X. Zeng, D. L. Wu, and X. Li. 2017. "Diurnal Variation of Tropical Ice Cloud Microphysics: Evidence from Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GPM-GMI) Polarimetric Measurements." Geophysical Research Letters, [10.1002/2017gl075519]

    Gong, J., and D. L. Wu. 2017. "Microphysical Properties of Frozen Particles Inferred from Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) Polarimetric Measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17: 2741-2757 [10.5194/acp-17-2741-2017]

    Lu, X., C. Cao, W. Huang, et al. J. Smith, X. Chu, T. Yuan, D. Pautet, M. Taylor, J. Gong, and C. Cullens. 2015. "A Coordinated Study of 1-h Mesoscale Gravity Waves Propagating from Logan to Boulder with CRRL Na Doppler Lidars and Temperature Mapper." Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmosphere, 120 (19): 10,006–10,021 [10.1002/2015JD023604]

    Rong, P. P., J. Yue, J. M. Russell III, et al. J. D. Lumpe, J. Gong, D. L. Wu, and C. E. Randall. 2015. "Horizontal winds derived from the polar mesospheric cloud images as observed by the CIPS instrument on the AIM satellite." J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120 (11): 5564-5584 [10.1002/2014JD022813]

    Gong, J., D. L. Wu, and V. Limpasuvan. 2015. "Meridionally tilted ice cloud structures in the tropical Upper Troposphere as seen by CloudSat." Atmos. Chem. Phys. , 15: 6271-6281 [10.5194/acp-15-6271-2015]

    Gong, J., J. Yue, and D. L. Wu. 2015. "Global survey of concentric gravity waves in AIRS images and ECMWF analysis." J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, 120: 2210-2228 [10.1002/2014JD022527]

    Gong, J., and D. Wu. 2014. "CloudSat-constrained cloud ice water path and cloud top height retrievals from MHS 157 and 183.3 GHz radiances." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 7 (6): 1873-1890 [10.5194/amt-7-1873-2014]

    Wu, D., A. Lambert, W. G. Read, P. Eriksson, and J. Gong. 2014. "MLS and CALIOP Cloud Ice Measurements in the Upper Troposphere: A Constraint from Microwave on Cloud Microphysics." J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 53 (1): 157-165 [10.1175/JAMC-D-13-041.1]

    Gong, J., and D. Wu. 2013. "View-angle-dependent AIRS cloudiness and radiance variance: Analysis and interpretation." J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118 (5): 2327-2339 [10.1002/jgrd.50120]

    Choi, H.-J., H.-Y. Chun, J. Gong, and D. Wu. 2012. "Comparison of gravity wave temperature variances from ray-based spectral parameterization of convective gravity wave drag with AIRS observations." J. Geophys. Res., 117 (D5): D05115 [10.1029/2011JD016900]

    Gong, J., D. Wu, and S. D. Eckermann. 2012. "Gravity wave variances and propagation derived from AIRS radiances." Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12 (4): 1701-1720 [10.5194/acp-12-1701-2012]

    Gong, J., and D. Wu. 2011. "View-angle dependent AIRS cloud radiances: Implications for tropical anvil structures." Geophysical Research Letters, 38 (14): L14802 [10.1029/2011GL047910]

    Gong, J., and M. A. Geller. 2010. "Vertical fluctuation energy in United States high vertical resolution radiosonde data as an indicator of convective gravity wave sources." J. Geophys. Res., 115 (D11): D11110 [10.1029/2009JD012265]

    Geller, M. A., and J. Gong. 2010. "Gravity wave kinetic, potential, and vertical fluctuation energies as indicators of different frequency gravity waves." J Geophys Res, 115 (D11): D11111 [10.1029/2009JD012266]

    Gong, J., M. A. Geller, and L. Wang. 2008. "Source spectra information derived from U.S. high-resolution radiosonde data." J. Geophys. Res., 113 (D10): D10106 [10.1029/2007JD009252]

    Selected Public Outreach

    GPM-GMI full-swath precipitation flag dataset 12 / 2014 - 3 / 2014
    https://zenodo.org/record/7708566#.ZBM1MezMLJw

    For retrieval algorithm, please refer to: Das, S., Y. Wang, J. Gong, et al. 2022. "A Comprehensive Machine Learning Study to Classify Precipitation Type over Land from Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GPM-GMI) Measurements." Remote Sensing, 14 (15): 3631 [10.3390/rs14153631]

    Note that in the paper, retrievals are only available over land, but we made it available globally later on and are included in these data files. Users are directed to read the "README" file for details on how to screen and use the data. Two plotting sample codes are provided in IDL and Python respectively.

    IceCube Level 1 calibrated radiance dataset 6 / 2017 - 9 / 2018
    https://doi.org/10.25966/3d2p-f515

    This is the calibrated IceCube Level-1 data download link. The project webpage is:

    https://earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/climate/missions/icecube, and the reference publication is: Gong, J., D. L. Wu, and P. Eriksson. 2021. "The first global 883 GHz cloud ice survey: IceCube Level 1 data calibration, processing and analysis." Earth System Science Data, [10.5194/essd-13-5369-2021]

    Brief Bio

    I came to NASA Goddard as a co-op scientist in 2012, right after the completion of my 2-yr postdoc training at JPL. I joined the civil service from December 2022. My research interests span across multitudes, from ice cloud/frozen hydrometeor remote sensing to atmospheric gravity waves, from boundary layer water vapor to lower atmosphere - ionosphere/thermosphere coupling. My current projects focus on (1) developing better frozen hydrometeor retrieval algorithms for next generation radiometers; (2) expanding machine learning techniques to better solve atmospheric science problems; (3) understanding lower-upper atmosphere coupling using satellite observations, model simulations and ML techniques. I completed my PhD and undergraduate training from Stony Brook University and Peking University, respectively. In my spare time, I love to spend time with my two kids and husband at swimming pool, hiking, reading, watching movies and taking vacations around the world.

    Publications

    Refereed

    Das, S., Y. Wang, J. Gong, et al. L. Ding, S. J. Munchak, C. Wang, D. L. Wu, L. Liao, W. S. Olson, and D. O. Barahona. 2022. "A Comprehensive Machine Learning Study to Classify Precipitation Type over Land from Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GPM-GMI) Measurements." Remote Sensing 14 (15): 3631 [10.3390/rs14153631]

    Wu, D. L., J. Gong, and M. Ganeshan. 2022. "GNSS-RO Deep Refraction Signals from Moist Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL)." Atmosphere 13 (6): 953 [10.3390/atmos13060953]

    Zeng, X., A. J. Heymsfield, Z. Ulanowski, et al. R. R. Neely, X. Li, J. Gong, and D. L. Wu. 2022. "The Radiative Effect on Cloud Microphysics from the Arctic to the Tropics." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society [10.1175/bams-d-21-0039.1]

    Gong, J., D. L. Wu, and P. Eriksson. 2021. "The first global 883 GHz cloud ice survey: IceCube Level 1 data calibration, processing and analysis." Earth System Science Data [10.5194/essd-13-5369-2021]

    Wu, D. L., D. E. Jennings, K.-K. Choi, et al. M. D. Jhabvala, J. A. Limbacher, T. Flatley, K.-M. Kim, A. T. La, R. J. Salawitch, L. D. Oman, J. Gong, T. R. Holmes, D. C. Morton, T. Hewagama, and R. J. Swap. 2021. "Compact Thermal Imager (CTI) for Atmospheric Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 13 (22): 4578 [10.3390/rs13224578]

    Turk, F. J., S. E. Ringerud, A. Camplani, et al. D. Casella, R. J. Chase, A. Ebtehaj, J. Gong, M. Kulie, G. Liu, L. Milani, G. Panegrossi, R. Padullés, J.-F. Rysman, P. Sanò, S. Vahedizade, and N. B. Wood. 2021. "Applications of a CloudSat-TRMM and CloudSat-GPM Satellite Coincidence Dataset." Remote Sensing 13 (12): 2264 [10.3390/rs13122264]

    Wang, T., D. L. Wu, J. Gong, and C. Wang. 2021. "Long‐term observations of upper‐tropospheric cloud ice from the MLS." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres [10.1029/2020jd034058]

    Padulles, R., E. Cardellach, F. J. Turk, et al. C. O. Ao, M. de la Torre Juarez, J. Gong, and D. L. Wu. 2021. "Sensing Horizontally Oriented Frozen Particles With Polarimetric Radio Occultations Aboard PAZ: Validation Using GMI Coincident Observations and Cloudsat a Priori Information." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 1-13 [10.1109/tgrs.2021.3065119]

    Zeng, X., J. Gong, X. Li, and D. L. Wu. 2021. "Modeling the Radiative Effect on Microphysics in Cirrus Clouds against Satellite Observations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres [10.1029/2020jd033923]

    Gong, J., X. Zeng, D. L. Wu, et al. S. J. Munchak, X. Li, S. Kneifel, D. Ori, L. Liao, and D. Barahona. 2020. "Linkage among Ice Crystal Microphysics, Mesoscale Dynamics and Cloud and Precipitation Structures Revealed by Collocated Microwave Radiometer and Multi-frequency Radar Observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics [10.5194/acp-20-12633-2020]

    Wang, T., D. L. Wu, J. Gong, and V. Tsai. 2019. "Tropopause Laminar Cirrus and Its Role in the Lower Stratosphere Total Water Budget." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2018JD029845 [10.1029/2018jd029845]

    L. Carr, J., D. L. Wu, M. A. Kelly, and J. Gong. 2018. "MISR-GOES 3D Winds: Implications for Future LEO-GEO and LEO-LEO Winds." Remote Sensing 10 (12): 1885 [10.3390/rs10121885]

    Wu, D., T. Wang, T. Várnai, et al. J. Limbacher, R. Kahn, G. Taha, J. Lee, J. Gong, and T. Yuan. 2018. "MISR Radiance Anomalies Induced by Stratospheric Volcanic Aerosols." Remote Sensing 10 (12): 1875 [10.3390/rs10121875]

    Gong, J., X. Zeng, D. L. Wu, and X. Li. 2017. "Diurnal Variation of Tropical Ice Cloud Microphysics: Evidence from Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GPM-GMI) Polarimetric Measurements." Geophysical Research Letters [10.1002/2017gl075519]

    Gong, J., and D. L. Wu. 2017. "Microphysical Properties of Frozen Particles Inferred from Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) Polarimetric Measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17 2741-2757 [10.5194/acp-17-2741-2017]

    Lu, X., C. Cao, W. Huang, et al. J. Smith, X. Chu, T. Yuan, D. Pautet, M. Taylor, J. Gong, and C. Cullens. 2015. "A Coordinated Study of 1-h Mesoscale Gravity Waves Propagating from Logan to Boulder with CRRL Na Doppler Lidars and Temperature Mapper." Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmosphere 120 (19): 10,006–10,021 [10.1002/2015JD023604]

    Rong, P. P., J. Yue, J. M. Russell III, et al. J. D. Lumpe, J. Gong, D. L. Wu, and C. E. Randall. 2015. "Horizontal winds derived from the polar mesospheric cloud images as observed by the CIPS instrument on the AIM satellite." J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 120 (11): 5564-5584 [10.1002/2014JD022813]

    Gong, J., D. L. Wu, and V. Limpasuvan. 2015. "Meridionally tilted ice cloud structures in the tropical Upper Troposphere as seen by CloudSat." Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15 6271-6281 [10.5194/acp-15-6271-2015]

    Gong, J., J. Yue, and D. L. Wu. 2015. "Global survey of concentric gravity waves in AIRS images and ECMWF analysis." J. Geophys. Res. Atmos 120 2210-2228 [10.1002/2014JD022527]

    Gong, J., and D. Wu. 2014. "CloudSat-constrained cloud ice water path and cloud top height retrievals from MHS 157 and 183.3 GHz radiances." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7 (6): 1873-1890 [10.5194/amt-7-1873-2014]

    Wu, D., A. Lambert, W. G. Read, P. Eriksson, and J. Gong. 2014. "MLS and CALIOP Cloud Ice Measurements in the Upper Troposphere: A Constraint from Microwave on Cloud Microphysics." J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. 53 (1): 157-165 [10.1175/JAMC-D-13-041.1]

    Gong, J., and D. Wu. 2013. "View-angle-dependent AIRS cloudiness and radiance variance: Analysis and interpretation." J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 118 (5): 2327-2339 [10.1002/jgrd.50120]

    Choi, H.-J., H.-Y. Chun, J. Gong, and D. Wu. 2012. "Comparison of gravity wave temperature variances from ray-based spectral parameterization of convective gravity wave drag with AIRS observations." J. Geophys. Res. 117 (D5): D05115 [10.1029/2011JD016900]

    Gong, J., D. Wu, and S. D. Eckermann. 2012. "Gravity wave variances and propagation derived from AIRS radiances." Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12 (4): 1701-1720 [10.5194/acp-12-1701-2012]

    Gong, J., and D. Wu. 2011. "View-angle dependent AIRS cloud radiances: Implications for tropical anvil structures." Geophysical Research Letters 38 (14): L14802 [10.1029/2011GL047910]

    Gong, J., and M. A. Geller. 2010. "Vertical fluctuation energy in United States high vertical resolution radiosonde data as an indicator of convective gravity wave sources." J. Geophys. Res. 115 (D11): D11110 [10.1029/2009JD012265]

    Geller, M. A., and J. Gong. 2010. "Gravity wave kinetic, potential, and vertical fluctuation energies as indicators of different frequency gravity waves." J Geophys Res 115 (D11): D11111 [10.1029/2009JD012266]

    Gong, J., M. A. Geller, and L. Wang. 2008. "Source spectra information derived from U.S. high-resolution radiosonde data." J. Geophys. Res. 113 (D10): D10106 [10.1029/2007JD009252]

                                                                                                                                                                                            
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