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Conor Andrew Nixon

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Conor Andrew Nixon

  • SUPV RESEARCH AST, PLANETARY STUDIES
  • 301.286.6757
  • NASA/GSFC
  • Mail Code: 693
  • Greenbelt , MD 20771
  • Employer: NASA

    • Brief Bio

    I am an astronomer and planetary scientist working in the Planetary Systems Laboratory at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, where I am currently the Associate Laboratory Chief. I previously served as Deputy Principal Investigator on the Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS). My research is focused primarily on planetary atmospheres, especially the outer planets and Titan. I am keenly interested in astrochemistry and the potential for life in the solar system and elsewhere. I also work on technologies for remote sensing, spectroscopy and other mission and instrumentation development. I grew up and studied in the UK prior to coming to the US, earning a BA in Natural Science from the University of Cambridge, an MSc in Radio Astronomy from the University of Manchester, and a DPhil from the University of Oxford in Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere of Titan.

    Research Interests

    Chemistry and Composition of Titan's Atmosphere

    Titan, largest moon of Saturn, is a truly enigmatic body: the only moon in the solar system with a substantial atmosphere. Titan's atmosphere is also a chemical factory, where sunlight splits apart basic molecules - methane (CH4) and nitrogen (N2) - recombining the pieces to make ever more complex compounds. Each molecular species has its own unique infrared signature, and by using techniques such as spectroscopy - from ground and space-based telescope and spacecraft such as Cassini - we can measure the amounts of each that is present. Titan's complex organic chemistry is thought to be similar now to that of the Earth in the distant past - before the rise of life - and may inform us as to the basic building blocks of life could be formed.

    Composition and Chemistry of Jupiter's Atmosphere

    Using spectroscopic data from spacecraft including Galileo (NIMS), Cassini (CIRS) and others, I have modeled infrared emissions from the atmosphere to learn about the composition, and distribution of molecules in Jupiter's atmosphere. This informs us about the chemistry and dynamical processes occurring, and even the origins of the planet itself through isotopic measurements.

    Missions to the outer planets

    I previously worked as a scientist and observation designer for instruments on the Cassini and Galileo missions. While in graduate school I helped to build and test the Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) instrument that was carried onboard the spacecraft. I continue to be actively involved in developing future instruments and designing space missions that may one day get the chance to fly in space and continue NASA's exploration of the outer solar system.

    Machine Learning for Planetary Science Applications

    I am actively involved in research to apply existing machine learning (ML) techniques in computer vision to planetary science image data, with the goal of automated feature recognition, such as clouds on Titan or craters on Mars. These techniques offer the opportunity to greatly speed up the scientific discovery process, and free humans from tedious, repetitive and error-prone tasks such as labeling geomorphological features. AI/ML techniques may also one day be embedded as on-board software for future missions, reducing the amount of data that needs to be returned to Earth and saving on time and cost to the Deep Space Network.


    Current Projects

    Infrared Spectroscopy with IRTF and JWST

    I lead observing campaigns, mentor students and conduct modeling of infrared spectra of planetary atmospheres and surfaces using facilities such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). The goal of this work is to better understand the origins, evolutions and present day processes in planetary atmospheres and surfaces.


    Solar System Science with ALMA - The Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-Millimeter Array

    I use the ALMA Telescope (https://www.almaobservatory.org/en/home/), an array of 66 microwave frequency antennas in Chile, to study the atmospheres of the outer planers, and especially Saturn's moon Titan. Titan is one of the most chemcially rich environments in the solar system, with an active organic chemistry that produces complex molecules. The chemistry in Titan's atmosphere may be similar to the conditions on the early Earth, so by studying Titan we may also learn about the origins of life on Earth.

    NASA Astrobiology Institute - Titan Science

    I am Co-Investigator on the NASA NAI node "Habitability of Hydrocarbon Worlds: Titan and Beyond" that is headed by Rosaly Lopes at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The team has 30 members spread across more than a dozen institutions around the world. The goals of the NAI project is to improve our knowledge of the carbon chemistry on Titan, including interactions between the atmosphere, surface and interior. https://nai.nasa.gov/teams/can-8/jpl-titan/

    Ocean World Field Analog Science

    I am actively involved in multiple initiatives to learn about Ocean World moons (Europa, Enceladus, Titan) through studying 'analog' field sites on Earth that have similarities to these bodies. With co-investigators we have successfully conducted field campaigns in Iceland to study microbial life in glaciated regions, and to Yellowstone National Park in the US to study life in geysers. In future we plans to continue the research work in other locations including Greenland and Alaska.

    Positions/Employment

    2016 - Present

    Associate Laboratory Chief

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
    2012 - 2016

    Research Space Scientist

    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD

    Deputy Principal Investigator of Cassini CIRS. Science and science planning for CIRS. Development of future instruments and missions for exploration of the outer planets.

    2009 - 2012

    Associate Research Scientist

    University of Maryland, College Park, MD Co-Investigator on the Cassini CIRS; science and science planning for Titan.
    2004 - 2009

    Assistant Research Scientist

    University of Maryland, College Park, MD Scientific Analysis of Cassini data; operations of the Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS).
    2000 - 2004

    Research Associate

    University of Maryland, College Park, MD Analysis of data from the Cassini CIRS spectrometer; including composition and dynamics of Jupiter's stratosphere.
    1998 - 2000

    Post-Doctoral Research Assistant

    University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Scientific analysis of Jupiter data from the Galileo NIMS spectrometer; investigation of Jovian water clouds.

    Teaching Experience

    Undergraduate Lecturing:

    • Spring 2004 - ASTR330 - The Solar System, (Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland College Park).
    • Fall 2006 - ASTR330 - The Solar System, (Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland College Park).

    External Dissertation Advisor:

    • NASA ASTAR Program: External Advisor for PhD student Alexander Thelen, New Mexico State University, 2015-2018.
    • External advisor for Master of Engineering Student Dat Tran, Catholic University of America, 2017-2018.
    • External advisor for Master of Engineering Student Mona El Morsy, University of Paris, 2016-2018.
    • External advisor for PhD student Brendan Steffens, Florida Institute of Technology, 2018-2022.
    • External PhD Committee Member (2019-2022): Ellen Creecy, University of Houston.
    • External advisor for PhD student Sarah Loughran, University of Maryland, 2021-

    Education

    1994-1999    University of Oxford        D. Phil.   Planetary Science

    1993-1994    University of Manchester  M. Sc.    Radio Astronomy

    1990-1993    University of Cambridge   B. A.    Natural Sciences

    Professional Societies

    American Astronomical Society, Division of Planetary Sciences, 2001 - Present
    Member
    American Geophysical Union, 2001 - Present
    Member
    UK Institute of Physics, 2001 - Present
    Member; Chartered Physicist
    Philosophical Society of Washington, 2019 - Present
    At-Large Committee Member
    International Astronomical Union, 2017 - Present
    Member

    Professional Service

    Funding/grant review panels:

    • NASA ROSES Proposal Peer Review Panels - served in various capacities as external reviewer/panelist/panel chair.
    • Georgia National Science Foundation; External reviewer 2008-2012.
    • France ANR; external reviewer, 2011.
    • NRAO Solar System Panel; 2010-2011.

    Journals and books:

    • Peer reviewer for: Icarus, Planetary and Space Science, Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets; Space Physics), Advances in Geophysics, Astrophysical Journal Letters, Applied Optics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Nature Astronomy, Journal of Physical Chemistry, Planetary Science Journal.
    • Guest editor for Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 60, 2012: special issue on "Titan Through Time" (12 papers).
    • Co-editor of The Early Evolution of the Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, Vol. 35., Springer 2012 (12 papers).

    Workshops and Conferences:

    • Founding Organizer and Co-chair (Local and Scientific Organizing Committees) Titan Through Time, a workshop on Titan's Formation, Evolution and Fate. Held at NASA GSFC April 2010, April 2012, April 2017, and also April 2014 at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.
    • International Workshop on Instrumentation for Planetary Missions (IPM). Local Organizing Committee 2012, 2014 at NASA GSFC.
    • "Titan: Cold Case Files". Co-Chair and Organizer, NASA JPL, Oct 11th 2016.
    • AGU Fall Meeting, Session Convener. Titan Session 2016-present. Instrumentation for Planetary Missions 2018-present.
    • AGU Fall Meeting, Planetary Sciences Section Organizing Committee 2016-2020.
    • Science Organizing Committee Member for "Titan After Cassini-Huyens" workshop at ESA Science and Astronomy Center, Madrid, Spain Sept. 2019.
    • NASA Goddard Planetary Cubesats Symposium: Chair 2017; Organizing Committee Member 2016, 2019.

    Mentoring:

    • NASA Science and Engineering Collaboration Program: Mentor for engineer Sabrina Thompson 2016-2017.
    • NASA GSFC Planetary Science Winter School: Science PI Mentor, 2015.
    • NASA Student Interns: Summer 2013: Andrew Annex (UVa), Theresa Esman (UVa). Spring 2014: Cheong Chan (Yale). Summer 2014: Ashley Horan (Stonehill), Joseph Sergano (BU). Summer 2015: Malena Rice. Summer 2016: Nicholas Lombardo. Spring 2017: Nicholas Lombardo, Skyar Shaver. Summer 2017, Spring 2018: Mona El Morsy. Spring 2020: Tanner Hayes (UNR), Dakotah Tyler (Univ. Cincinnati). Spring 2021: Angela Cheng (UC Berkeley), Brandon Coy (UC Berkeley). Summer 2021: Kathryn Gansler (Univ. Maryland), Brian Murphy (FIT), Hypatia Barry (UCA), Siobhan Light (UMD), Sarah Howard (UMD). Fall 2021: Ian Neidel (Yale), Zachary Yahn (Univ. Virginia), Siobhan Light. Spring 2022: Hypatia Meraviglia (UCA), Zach Yahn (UVa), Ethan Duncan (UC Berkeley), Angela Cheng (UC Berkeley), Emma Litzer (Univ. Illinois), Bailey Renger (Boston College). Summer 2022: Alyssa Mills (Univ. Alabama), Paige Leeseberg (Univ Iowa), Ethan Duncan. Fall 2022: Paige Leeseberg (Iowa), Zach Yahn (UVa), Ian Neidel (Yale), Ethan Duncan (UCB), Hypatia Meraviglia (UCA). Spring 2023: Zachary Yahn (UVa), Ian Neidel (Yale), Paige Leesberg (Univ. Iowa), Ethan Duncan (UCB). Summer 2023: Alyssa Mills (Baylor), Siobhan Light (UMD).
    • NASA Post-Bac Employees (1-2 years): Joseph Serigano (2014-2015). Edward Molter (2015-2016). Justin Roberts-Pierel (2015-2016). Nicholas Lombardo (2017-2019). Maxwell Parks (2018-2020).

    Other Professional Servce:

    • Committee member of the ICPAE (International Commission for Planetary Atmospheres and their Evolution), a commission of IAMAS (International Association of Meteorology And Seismology), an association of IUGG (International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics), 2016-2020.
    • Committee member, NASA GSFC Science Colloquium Committee (2010-2016).
    • NASA GSFC Science Director's Committee: 2015-2017. SED Poster Party Committee 2016, Chair 2017.
    • Solar System Working Groups (SSWGs) for space telescopes: JWST SSWG (2014-present), WFIRST SSWG (2016-present), Origins Space Telescope SSWG (2016-present), SPICA SSWG (2019-present).
    • Philosophical Society of Washington, At-Large Committee Member, 2018-2020.

    Awards

    07/01/2006 Boeing Griffith Science Writing Contest 2005, 1st Place

    05/01/2008 Boeing Griffth Science Writing Contest 2007, 3rd Place

    05/08/2008 NASA Group Achievement Award for Cassini Titan Science Integration Team for Cassini Extended Mission

    10/09/2008 NASA GSFC Robert H. Goddard Award for Exceptional Achievement in Science (CIRS Team)

    04/16/2009 NASA Group Achievement Award for Cassini CIRS Team

    04/16/2009 NASA Group Achievement Award for Cassini Titan Orbiter Science Team for Cassini Prime Mission

    11/29/2011 NASA GSFC Robert H. Goddard Award for Exceptional Achievement in Science (individual)

    06/02/2015 NASA Group Achievement Award for Cassini Solstice Mission Titan Team

    03/22/2016 NASA GSFC Robert H. Goddard Award for Exceptional Achievement for Mission and Enabling Support (CIRS Team)

    08/06/2016 NASA GSFC Special Act Award for science team leadership of Planetary Science Winter School

    08/02/2018 NASA Group Achievement Award for Cassini CIRS Team for Cassini Mission

    08/02/2018 NASA Group Achievement Award for Cassini CIRS Team for Cassini Grand Finale Orbits

    Grants

    07/31/2007 - 06/30/2010 Planetary Instrument Definition and Development (PIDDP), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH06ZDA001N-PIDDP
    Magnesium Diboride Detector Array (MDA) for Far-IR Exploration of the Outer Planets and Icy Moons (P.I. B. Lakew) ; Co-Investigator ; 0.05 FTE
    Grant Amount: $7.5K
    10/01/2007 - 09/30/2009 Cassini Data Analysis (CDAP), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH06ZDA001N-CASSINI

    Trace Species on Saturn from Cassini (P.I. D. Jennings)

    ; Co-Investigator ; 0.6 FTE
    Grant Amount: $103K
    03/02/2008 - 03/02/2011 Cassini Data Analysis Program (CDAP), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH07ZSS001N

    Titan's Lower Atmosphere and Surface from Cassini CIRS Infrared Spectra

    ; Principal Investigator ; 0.2 FTE
    Grant Amount: $241K
    04/01/2008 - 03/31/2011 Outer Planets Research (OPR), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH07ZDA001N-OPR

    Jovian Stratospheric Dynamics: Insights from Cassini Observations and Coupled Dynamical-Chemical Modeling (P.I. M Allen)

    ; Co-Investigator ; 0.25 FTE
    Grant Amount: $640K
    02/01/2009 - 08/01/2012 Cassini Data Analysis Program (CDAP), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH08ZDA001N-CDAP

    Trace Species in Titan's Stratosphere from Cassini CIRS Spectroscopy

    ; Principal Investigator ; 0.30 FTE
    Grant Amount: $357K
    05/01/2012 - 04/30/2015 Planetary Atmospheres Research (PATM), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH11ZDA001N-PATM
    Kinetic Isotope Fractionation in Methane and Application to Titan (P.I. R. Cody) ; Co-Investigator (0.1 FTE/yr, $$$ below) ; 0.3 FTE
    Grant Amount: $52K
    10/01/2012 - 09/30/2015 Outer Planets Research Program (OPRP), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH11ZDA001N-OPR

    Alkanes in Titan's Stratosphere From Cassini CIRS Spectroscopy

    ; Principal Investigator ; 0.30 FTE
    Grant Amount: $443K
    01/01/2013 - 12/31/2014 Cassini Data Analysis Program (CDAP), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH12ZDA001N-CDAPS

    Non-LTE Diagnostics of CIRS observations of Titan's Mesosphere

    ; Co-Investigator (0.06 FTE/yr) ; 0.12 FTE
    Grant Amount: $24K
    09/01/2013 - 08/31/2014 Instrument Concepts for Europa Exploration (ICEE), NASA HQ, NASA NRA #: NNH13ZDA001N-ICEE

    Thermal Imager for Europa Reconnaissance (TIMER)

    ; Co-Investigator ; 0.1 FTE
    Grant Amount: $569K
    04/01/2015 - 03/31/2017 Cassini Data Analysis and Participating Scientists (CDAPS), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH14ZDA001N-CDAPS

    Temporal and spatial variations of Titan’s surface temperature retrieved from Cassini CIRS spectra (PI: Cottini)

    ; Co-Investigator ; 0.16 FTE
    Grant Amount: $51K
    04/01/2015 - 03/31/2018 Planetary Data Archiving, Restoration and Tools (PDART), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH14ZDA001N-PDART

    Restoration, Calibration and Archiving of Voyager – IRIS Observations (PI: Cottini)

    ; Co-Investigator ; 0.3 FTE
    04/01/2017 - 03/31/2019 Maturation of Instruments for Solar System Exploration (MatISSE), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH16ZDA001N-MATISSE

    MARLI: MARs LIdar for global climate measurements from orbit (PI: Abshire)

    ; Co-Investigator ; 0.1 FTE
    Grant Amount: $2.0M
    04/01/2017 - 09/30/2017 Planetary Science Deep Space Smallsat Studies (PSDS3), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH16ZDA001N-PSDS3

    Primitive Object Volatile Explorer (PrOVE)

    ; Co-Investigator ; 0.05 FTE
    Grant Amount: $356K
    06/01/2018 - 05/31/2021 Planetary Instrument Concepts for the Advancement of Solar System Observations (PICASSO), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH17ZDA001N-PICASSO

    Advanced Net Flux Radiometer Focal Plane Assembly for Ice Giants

    ; Co-Investigator ; 0.09 FTE
    Grant Amount: $840K
    01/01/2018 - 12/31/2020 Solar System Observations (SSO), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH17ZDA001N-SSO

    Complex Chemistry in Titan's Atmosphere from Infrared and Sub-Millimeter Spectra

    ; Principal Investigator ; 0.75 FTE
    Grant Amount: $371K
    01/01/2018 - 12/31/2022 NASA Astrobiology Institute Cycle 8, NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH17ZDA003C

    Habitability of Hydrocarbon Worlds: Titan and Beyond

    ; Co-Investigator ; 0.75 FTE
    Grant Amount: $8.2M
    12/01/2017 - 11/30/2019 Cassini Data Analysis Program (CDAP), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH17ZDA001N-CDAP

    Search for elusive high mass hydrocarbon and nitriles in the Titan stratosphere (PI: Sung)

    ; Co-Investigator ; 0.15 FTE
    Grant Amount: $476K
    07/01/2019 - 06/30/2022 Planetary Instrument Concepts for the Advancement of Solar System Observations (PICASSO), NASA, NASA NRA #: NNH18ZDA001N-PICASSO

    Photonic Integrated Circuit TUned for Reconnaissance and Exploration (PICTURE) (PI: Yu)

    ; Co-Investigator ; 0.25 FTE
    Grant Amount: $1.1M
    09/01/2021 - 08/31/2024 Volatile-sensing Array for Planetary Onsite Research (VAPOR), NASA HQ, NASA NRA #: PICASSO

    Volatile-sensing Array for Planetary Onsite Research (VAPOR)

    ; Co-Investigator ; 5.95 FTE
    Grant Amount: $956K
    10/01/2022 - 09/30/2025 Network for Assessment of Methane Activity in Space and Terrestrial Environments (NAMASTE), NASA HQ, NASA NRA #: PSTAR

    Network for Assessment of Methane Activity in Space and Terrestrial Environments (NAMASTE)

    ; Co-Investigator ; 0.15 FTE
    Grant Amount: $38K
    01/01/2022 - 12/31/2025 Titan s Atmosphere in Late Northern Summer from the Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA), NASA HQ, NASA NRA #: SSO


    Titan s Atmosphere in Late Northern Summer from the Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA)

    ; Principal Investigator ; 0.6 FTE
    Grant Amount: $598K

    Other Professional Information

    Work Featured in Press Releases:

    • "Saturn Moon Could Power 150 Billion Labor Day Barbecues" 09/04/09 https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/whycassini/cassinif-20090904.html 
    • "The Many Moods of Titan" Interview for Cassini Press Release, 2/23/12. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/whycassini/cassini.html   
    • "NASA Research Estimates How Long Titan's Chemical Factory Has Been in Business": NASA Press Release April 24th 2012. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/whycassini/factory20120420.htm
    • "NASA's Cassini Spacecraft Finds Ingredient of Household Plastic in Space" September 30th 2013. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=3918
    • “NASA’s Webb Telescope Will Survey Saturn and its Moon Titan”: NASA Press Release, June 19th 2019. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-webb-telescope-will-survey-saturn-and-its-moon-titan
    • "NASA Scientists Discover ‘Weird’ Molecule in Titan’s Atmosphere" NASA Press Release, October 27th 2020. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2020/nasa-scientists-discover-a-weird-molecule-in-titan-s-atmosphere
    • "Webb, Keck Telescopes Team Up to Track Clouds on Saturn’s Moon Titan" NASA JWST Blogs, December 1st 2022. https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/12/01/webb-keck-telescopes-team-up-to-track-clouds-on-saturns-moon-titan/

    In the media, selected interviews:

    • Cassini Visits Titan. Interview with New Scientist Magazine, 2004
    • "How life could develop in the methane lakes of Saturn’s moon Titan" Interview with LA Times, March 3rd 2015. https://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-life-on-titan-chemistry-20150303-stor
    • Cassini Grand Finale. CBS WJZ-TV Baltimore.  2/1/17.
    • Building Block for “Vinyl Life” found on Saturn’s Moon Titan, Interview with National Geographic, published 7/28/17
    • "Could a Newfound Molecule on Titan Be a Building Block for Life?" Eos.org, 7/28/17. https://eos.org/articles/could-a-newfound-molecule-on-titan-be-a-building-block-for-life
    • “Something Special Is Happening”: Cassini’s Scientists Honor Their Favorite Photos Interview with theringer.com on Cassini's best images of Saturn system, published 9/14/2017. https://www.theringer.com/tech/2017/9/14/16305632/nasa-cassini-mission-scientists-pick-the 
    • "Webb Telescope Will Survey Saturn and its Moon Titan" Interview with SpaceRef on-line magazine. Released June 28th, 2018. http://spaceref.com/saturn/webb-telescope-will-survey-saturn-and-its-moon-titan.html
    • "The Habitability of Titan and its Ocean" Interview with Astrobiology Web. Published May 12th 2019. http://astrobiology.com/2019/05/the-habitability-of-titan-and-its-ocean.html
    • "Weird ring-shaped molecule on Titan could be a building block to life" Interview with New Scientist, released October 30th 2020. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2258658-weird-ring-shaped-molecule-on-titan-could-be-a-building-block-to-life/
    • "JWST’s quest for indications of life on planets and exoplanets" Interview with Nature Astronomy, released 13th January 2022. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-021-01584-w
    • "Episode 103 -Observing the Solar System with the JWST" Interview with AstroTalkUK, released October 21st 2022. https://astrotalkuk.org/episode-103-jwst/


     

    Special Experience

    Awards of Observatory Time (as Principal Investigator only):

    • Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6, Titan, March 3-5th 2016.
    • NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) TEXES spectroscopy, Titan, Juy 12-18th 2017.
    • James Webb Space Telescope, est. 2021. 12.5 hrs on Titan. 
    • NASA Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) EXES spectroscopy of Titan, 9.5 hrs, April 2020.

    Scientific Field Work:

    • Iceland, August 2018. Team Leader: for "Team Ice". 2-week field work expedition to study Europa analog environments at Kverkfjoll, Iceland.
    • Yellowstone National Park, MT, February 2019. Principal Investigator and Team Leader, Enceladus Analog Environments Expedition.

    Publications

    Refereed

    Li, L., L. Guan, S. Li, et al. C. Luu, K. Heng, P. M. Fry, E. C. Creecy, X. Wang, R. J. Albright, T. D. Karandana G., X. Jiang, R. A. West, C. A. Nixon, M. E. Kenyon, A. Hendrix, and U. Dyudina. 2023. "The Bolometric Bond Albedo of Enceladus." Icarus, 394: 115429 [10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115429]

    Sung, K., E. H. Wishnow, B. J. Drouin, et al. L. Manceron, M. Verseils, D. C. Benner, and C. A. Nixon. 2023. "The rotational spectrum of HD broadened by H2 at temperatures between 100 – 296 K." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 295: 108412 [10.1016/j.jqsrt.2022.108412]

    Cordiner, M. A., G. L. Villanueva, H. Wiesemeyer, et al. S. N. Milam, I. de Pater, A. Moullet, R. Aladro, C. A. Nixon, A. E. Thelen, S. B. Charnley, J. Stutzki, V. Kofman, S. Faggi, G. Liuzzi, R. Cosentino, and B. A. McGuire. 2022. "Phosphine in the Venusian Atmosphere: A Strict Upper Limit From SOFIA GREAT Observations." Geophysical Research Letters, 49 (22): [10.1029/2022gl101055]

    Phan, T., D. Tran, J. Esper, C. Nixon, and G. Nehmetallah. 2022. "Circular multireflection cell for midinfrared laser spectroscopic trace gas analysis." Optical Engineering, 61 (08): [10.1117/1.oe.61.8.085104]

    Thelen, A. E., C. A. Nixon, R. G. Cosentino, et al. M. A. Cordiner, N. A. Teanby, C. E. Newman, P. G. Irwin, and S. B. Charnley. 2022. "Variability in Titan’s Mesospheric HCN and Temperature Structure as Observed by ALMA." The Planetary Science Journal, 3 (6): 146 [10.3847/psj/ac7050]

    Phan, T., D. Tran, J. Esper, C. Nixon, and G. Nehmetallah. 2022. "Carbon dioxide mid-infrared laser spectroscopy with a circular multi-reflection (CMR) cell." Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XXIII, [10.1117/12.2618839]

    Kutsop, N. W., A. G. Hayes, P. M. Corlies, et al. S. Le Mouélic, J. I. Lunine, C. A. Nixon, P. Rannou, S. Rodriguez, M. T. Roman, C. Sotin, and T. Tokano. 2022. "Titan Stratospheric Haze Bands Observed in Cassini VIMS as Tracers of Meridional Circulation." The Planetary Science Journal, 3 (5): 114 [10.3847/psj/ac582d]

    Teanby, N. A., P. G. Irwin, M. Sylvestre, C. A. Nixon, and M. A. Cordiner. 2022. "Uranus’s and Neptune’s Stratospheric Water Abundance and Vertical Profile from Herschel-HIFI*." The Planetary Science Journal, 3 (4): 96 [10.3847/psj/ac650f]

    Nixon, C. A., S. Aslam, J. C. Brasunas, and D. E. Jennings. 2022. "50 Years of Spaceflight with Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTS) designed at NASA GSFC." 2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO), [10.1109/aero53065.2022.9843804]

    Steffens, B. L., C. A. Nixon, K. Sung, et al. P. G. Irwin, N. A. Lombardo, and E. Pereira. 2022. "New Constraints on Titan’s Stratospheric n-Butane Abundance." The Planetary Science Journal, 3 (3): 59 [10.3847/psj/ac53ad]

    Rodriguez, S., S. Vinatier, D. Cordier, et al. G. Tobie, R. K. Achterberg, C. M. Anderson, S. V. Badman, J. W. Barnes, E. L. Barth, B. Bézard, N. Carrasco, B. Charnay, R. N. Clark, P. Coll, T. Cornet, A. Coustenis, I. Couturier-Tamburelli, M. Dobrijevic, F. M. Flasar, R. de Kok, C. Freissinet, M. Galand, T. Gautier, W. D. Geppert, C. A. Griffith, M. S. Gudipati, L. Z. Hadid, A. G. Hayes, A. R. Hendrix, R. Jaumann, D. E. Jennings, A. Jolly, K. Kalousova, T. T. Koskinen, P. Lavvas, S. Lebonnois, J.-P. Lebreton, A. Le Gall, E. Lellouch, S. Le Mouélic, R. M. Lopes, J. M. Lora, R. D. Lorenz, A. Lucas, S. MacKenzie, M. J. Malaska, K. Mandt, M. Mastrogiuseppe, C. E. Newman, C. A. Nixon, J. Radebaugh, S. C. Rafkin, P. Rannou, E. M. Sciamma-O’Brien, J. M. Soderblom, A. Solomonidou, C. Sotin, K. Stephan, D. Strobel, C. Szopa, N. A. Teanby, E. P. Turtle, V. Vuitton, and R. A. West. 2022. "Science goals and new mission concepts for future exploration of Titan’s atmosphere, geology and habitability: titan POlar scout/orbitEr and in situ lake lander and DrONe explorer (POSEIDON)." Experimental Astronomy, [10.1007/s10686-021-09815-8]

    Yang, C. S., D. M. Bower, F. Jin, et al. T. Hewagama, S. Aslam, C. A. Nixon, J. Kolasinski, and A. C. Samuels. 2022. "Raman and UVN+LWIR LIBS detection system for in-situ surface chemical identification." MethodsX, 9: 101647 [10.1016/j.mex.2022.101647]

    Creecy, E. C., L. Li, X. Jiang, et al. R. A. West, P. M. Fry, C. A. Nixon, M. E. Kenyon, and B. Seignovert. 2021. "Titan's Global Radiant Energy Budget During the Cassini Epoch (2004–2017)." Geophysical Research Letters, 48 (23): [10.1029/2021gl095356]

    Bower, D. M., C. Yang, T. Hewagama, et al. C. A. Nixon, S. Aslam, P. L. Whelley, J. L. Eigenbrode, F. Jin, J. Rullifson, J. Kolasinski, and A. Samuels. 2021. "Spectroscopic Characterization of Samples from Different Environments in a Volcano-Glacial Region in Iceland: Implications for in situ Planetary Exploration." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 263: [Full Text (Link)] [10.1016/j.saa.2021.120205]

    Villanueva, G. L., M. Cordiner, P. G. Irwin, et al. I. de Pater, B. Butler, M. Gurwell, S. N. Milam, C. A. Nixon, S. H. Luszcz-Cook, C. F. Wilson, V. Kofman, G. Liuzzi, S. Faggi, T. J. Fauchez, M. Lippi, R. Cosentino, A. E. Thelen, A. Moullet, P. Hartogh, E. M. Molter, S. Charnley, G. N. Arney, A. M. Mandell, N. Biver, A. C. Vandaele, K. R. de Kleer, and R. Kopparapu. 2021. "No evidence of phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus from independent analyses." Nature Astronomy, 5 (7): 631-635 [10.1038/s41550-021-01422-z]

    MacKenzie, S. M., S. P. Birch, S. Hörst, et al. C. Sotin, E. Barth, J. M. Lora, M. G. Trainer, P. Corlies, M. J. Malaska, E. Sciamma-O’Brien, A. E. Thelen, E. Turtle, J. Radebaugh, J. Hanley, A. Solomonidou, C. Newman, L. Regoli, S. Rodriguez, B. Seignovert, A. G. Hayes, B. Journaux, J. Steckloff, D. Nna-Mvondo, T. Cornet, M. Y. Palmer, R. M. Lopes, S. Vinatier, R. Lorenz, C. Nixon, E. Czaplinski, J. W. Barnes, E. Sittler, and A. Coates. 2021. "Titan: Earth-like on the Outside, Ocean World on the Inside." The Planetary Science Journal, 2 (3): 112 [10.3847/psj/abf7c9]

    Parks, M. C., C. A. Nixon, G. L. Villanueva, et al. M. D. Smith, A. S. Khayat, A. E. Thelen, E. Villard, S. B. Charnley, and P. G. Irwin. 2021. "Observations of Mars with ALMA: potential for future constraints of global circulation models." Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems, 7 (02): [10.1117/1.jatis.7.2.025001]

    Phan, T., D. Tran, J. Esper, C. Nixon, and G. Nehmetallah. 2021. "High resolution gas mid-infrared spectroscopy using circular multi-reflection (CMR) cell." Infrared Technology and Applications XLVII, [10.1117/12.2585835]

    Hudson, R., B. Theiling, D. Bower, et al. H. Graham, M. Trainer, C. Nixon, and S. Milam. 2021. "Laboratory Studies in Support of the Exploration of Ocean Worlds and NASA Missions." Vol. 53, Issue 4 (Planetary/Astrobiology Decadal Survey Whitepapers), 53 (4): [10.3847/25c2cfeb.935e24ec]

    Abrahamsson, V., B. L. Henderson, J. Herman, et al. F. Zhong, Y. Lin, I. Kanik, and C. A. Nixon. 2021. "Extraction and Separation of Chiral Amino Acids for Life Detection on Ocean Worlds Without Using Organic Solvents or Derivatization." Astrobiology, 21 (9): ast.2020.2298 [10.1089/ast.2020.2298]

    Sharkey, J., N. A. Teanby, M. Sylvestre, et al. D. M. Mitchell, W. J. Seviour, C. A. Nixon, and P. G. Irwin. 2021. "Potential vorticity structure of Titan’s polar vortices from Cassini CIRS observations." Icarus, 354: 114030 [10.1016/j.icarus.2020.114030]

    Cordiner, M. A., E. Garcia-Berrios, R. G. Cosentino, et al. N. A. Teanby, C. E. Newman, C. A. Nixon, A. E. Thelen, and S. B. Charnley. 2020. "Detection of Dynamical Instability in Titan’s Thermospheric Jet." The Astrophysical Journal, 904 (1): L12 [10.3847/2041-8213/abc688]

    Thelen, A. E., M. A. Cordiner, C. A. Nixon, et al. V. Vuitton, Z. Kisiel, S. B. Charnley, M. Y. Palmer, N. A. Teanby, and P. G. Irwin. 2020. "Detection of CH3C3N in Titan’s Atmosphere." The Astrophysical Journal, 903 (1): L22 [10.3847/2041-8213/abc1e1]

    Nixon, C. A., A. E. Thelen, M. A. Cordiner, et al. Z. Kisiel, S. B. Charnley, E. M. Molter, J. Serigano, P. G. Irwin, N. A. Teanby, and Y.-J. Kuan. 2020. "Detection of Cyclopropenylidene on Titan with ALMA." The Astronomical Journal, 160: 205 [10.3847/1538-3881/abb679]

    Irwin, P., S. Calcutt, J. Dobinson, et al. J. Alday, A. James, M. Roos-Serote, S. Aslam, C. Nixon, and G. Villanueva. 2020. "Modelling the expected observations of the Advanced Ice Giants Net Flux Radiometer (IG-NFR) instrument concept, under study for future entry probe missions to Uranus or Neptune." EPSC Abstracts, EPSC2020-306: [10.5194/epsc2020-306]

    Kisiel, Z., C. A. Nixon, M. A. Cordiner, A. E. Thelen, and S. B. Charnley. 2020. "Propionitrile in the two lowest excited vibrational states in the laboratory and on Titan." Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, 372: 111324 [10.1016/j.jms.2020.111324]

    Sharkey, J., N. A. Teanby, M. Sylvestre, et al. D. M. Mitchell, W. J. Seviour, C. A. Nixon, and P. G. Irwin. 2020. "Mapping the zonal structure of Titan's northern polar vortex." Icarus, 337: 113441 [10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113441]

    Aslam, S., R. K. Achterberg, S. B. Calcutt, et al. V. Cottini, N. J. Gorius, T. Hewagama, P. G. Irwin, C. A. Nixon, G. Quilligan, M. Roos-Serote, A. A. Simon, D. Tran, and G. Villanueva. 2020. "Advanced Net Flux Radiometer for the Ice Giants." Space Science Reviews, 216 (1): 11 [10.1007/s11214-019-0630-x]

    Creecy, E. C., L. Li, X. Jiang, et al. C. Nixon, R. West, and M. Kenyon. 2019. "Seasonal Variations of Titan's Brightness." Geophysical Research Letters, 2019GL084833 [10.1029/2019gl084833]

    Hewett, D., P. F. Bernath, A. Wong, et al. B. E. Billinghurst, J. Zhao, N. A. Lombardo, C. A. Nixon, and D. E. Jennings. 2019. "N2 and H2 broadened isobutane infrared absorption cross sections and butane upper limits on Titan." Icarus, 113460 [10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113460]

    Nixon, C. A., T. M. Ansty, N. A. Lombardo, et al. G. L. Bjoraker, R. K. Achterberg, A. M. Annex, M. Rice, P. N. Romani, D. E. Jennings, R. E. Samuelson, C. M. Anderson, A. Coustenis, B. Bézard, S. Vinatier, E. Lellouch, R. Courtin, N. A. Teanby, V. Cottini, and F. M. Flasar. 2019. "Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) Observations of Titan 2004–2017." The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 244 (1): 14 [10.3847/1538-4365/ab3799]

    Lombardo, N. A., C. A. Nixon, T. K. Greathouse, et al. B. Bézard, A. Jolly, S. Vinatier, N. A. Teanby, M. J. Richter, P. J. G Irwin, A. Coustenis, and F. M. Flasar. 2019. "Detection of Propadiene on Titan." The Astrophysical Journal, 881 (2): L33 [10.3847/2041-8213/ab3860]

    Coustenis, A., D. Jennings, R. Achterberg, et al. P. Lavvas, G. Bampasidis, C. Nixon, and F. Flasar. 2019. "Titan's neutral atmosphere seasonal variations up to the end of the Cassini mission." Icarus, 113413 (In Press) [10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113413]

    Cordiner, M. A., N. A. Teanby, C. A. Nixon, et al. V. Vuitton, A. E. Thelen, and S. B. Charnley. 2019. "ALMA Spectral Imaging of Titan Contemporaneous with Cassini's Grand Finale." The Astronomical Journal, 158 (2): 76 [10.3847/1538-3881/ab2d20]

    Jennings, D. E., T. Tokano, V. Cottini, et al. C. A. Nixon, R. K. Achterberg, F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, P. N. Romani, R. E. Samuelson, M. E. Segura, N. J. Gorius, E. Guandique, M. S. Kaelberer, and A. Coustenis. 2019. "Titan Surface Temperatures during the Cassini Mission." The Astrophysical Journal, 877 (1): L8 [10.3847/2041-8213/ab1f91]

    Thelen, A. E., C. A. Nixon, M. A. Cordiner, et al. S. B. Charnley, P. G. Irwin, and Z. Kisiel. 2019. "Measurement of CH3D on Titan at Submillimeter Wavelengths." The Astronomical Journal, 157 (6): 219 [10.3847/1538-3881/ab19bb]

    Lombardo, N. A., C. A. Nixon, M. Sylvestre, et al. D. E. Jennings, N. Teanby, P. J. Irwin, and F. M. Flasar. 2019. "Ethane in Titan’s Stratosphere from Cassini CIRS Far- and Mid-infrared Spectra." The Astronomical Journal, 157 (4): 160 [10.3847/1538-3881/ab0e07]

    Teanby, N. A., M. Sylvestre, J. Sharkey, et al. C. A. Nixon, S. Vinatier, and P. G. Irwin. 2019. "Seasonal Evolution of Titan's Stratosphere During the Cassini Mission." Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (6): 3079-3089 [10.1029/2018gl081401]

    Nixon, C. A., S. Aslam, S. Guzewich, et al. J. Esper, S. N. Thompson, T. Hewagama, D. Tran, and G. Nehmetallah. 2019. "TEAM - Titan Exploration Atmospheric Microprobes." 2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference, [10.1109/aero.2019.8742127]

    Thelen, A. E., C. Nixon, N. Chanover, et al. M. Cordiner, E. Molter, N. Teanby, P. Irwin, J. Serigano, and S. Charnley. 2019. "Abundance measurements of Titan’s stratospheric HCN, HC3N, C3H4, and CH3CN from ALMA observations." Icarus, 319: 417-432 [10.1016/j.icarus.2018.09.023]

    Lombardo, N. A., C. A. Nixon, R. K. Achterberg, et al. A. Jolly, K. Sung, P. G. Irwin, and F. M. Flasar. 2019. "Spatial and seasonal variations in C3Hx hydrocarbon abundance in Titan’s stratosphere from Cassini CIRS observations." Icarus, 317: 454-469 [10.1016/j.icarus.2018.08.027]

    Hewagama, T., J. M. Bauer, K. Hughes, et al. D. Jennings, K. Brown, P. E. Clark, M. Daly, L. Feaga, D. Folta, N. Gorius, T. Hurford, M. Mumma, T. Livengood, C. Nixon, J. Sunshine, G. Villanueva, A. Zucherman, B. Malphrus, and S. Aslam. 2018. "Overview of Primitive Object Volatile Explorer (PrOVE) CubeSat or Smallsat concept." CubeSats and NanoSats for Remote Sensing II, [10.1117/12.2321264]

    Li, L., X. Jiang, R. A. West, et al. P. J. Gierasch, S. Perez-Hoyos, A. Sanchez-Lavega, L. N. Fletcher, J. J. Fortney, B. Knowles, C. C. Porco, K. H. Baines, P. M. Fry, A. Mallama, R. K. Achterberg, A. A. Simon, C. A. Nixon, G. S. Orton, U. A. Dyudina, S. P. Ewald, and R. W. Schmude. 2018. "Less absorbed solar energy and more internal heat for Jupiter." Nature Communications, 9 (1): 3709 [10.1038/s41467-018-06107-2]

    Bauduin, S., P. Irwin, E. Lellouch, et al. V. Cottini, R. Moreno, C. Nixon, N. Teanby, T. Ansty, and F. Flasar. 2018. "Retrieval of H 2 O abundance in Titan’s stratosphere: A (re)analysis of CIRS/Cassini and PACS/Herschel observations." Icarus, 311: 288-305 [10.1016/j.icarus.2018.04.003]

    Holler, B. J., S. N. Milam, J. M. Bauer, et al. C. Alcock, M. T. Bannister, G. L. Bjoraker, C. A. Nixon, A. A. Simon, and L. C. Quick. 2018. "Solar system science with the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope." Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems, 4 (03): 1 [10.1117/1.jatis.4.3.034003]

    Thelen, A. E., C. Nixon, N. Chanover, et al. E. Molter, M. Cordiner, R. Achterberg, J. Serigano, P. Irwin, N. Teanby, and S. Charnley. 2018. "Spatial variations in Titan’s atmospheric temperature: ALMA and Cassini comparisons from 2012 to 2015." Icarus, 307: 380-390 [10.1016/j.icarus.2017.10.042]

    Nixon, C., R. Lorenz, R. Achterberg, et al. A. Buch, P. Coll, R. Clark, R. Courtin, A. Hayes, L. Iess, R. Johnson, R. Lopes, M. Mastrogiuseppe, K. Mandt, D. Mitchell, F. Raulin, A. Rymer, H. Todd Smith, A. Solomonidou, C. Sotin, D. Strobel, E. Turtle, V. Vuitton, R. West, and R. Yelle. 2018. "Titan's cold case files - Outstanding questions after Cassini-Huygens." Planetary and Space Science, 155: 50-72 [10.1016/j.pss.2018.02.009]

    Mousis, O., D. Atkinson, T. Cavalié, et al. L. Fletcher, M. Amato, S. Aslam, F. Ferri, J.-B. Renard, T. Spilker, E. Venkatapathy, P. Wurz, K. Aplin, A. Coustenis, M. Deleuil, M. Dobrijevic, T. Fouchet, T. Guillot, P. Hartogh, T. Hewagama, M. Hofstadter, V. Hue, R. Hueso, J.-P. Lebreton, E. Lellouch, J. Moses, G. Orton, J. Pearl, A. Sánchez-Lavega, A. Simon, O. Venot, J. Waite, R. Achterberg, S. Atreya, F. Billebaud, M. Blanc, F. Borget, B. Brugger, S. Charnoz, T. Chiavassa, V. Cottini, L. d’Hendecourt, G. Danger, T. Encrenaz, N. Gorius, L. Jorda, B. Marty, R. Moreno, A. Morse, C. Nixon, K. Reh, T. Ronnet, F.-X. Schmider, S. Sheridan, C. Sotin, P. Vernazza, and G. Villanueva. 2018. "Scientific rationale for Uranus and Neptune in situ explorations." Planetary and Space Science, 155: 12-40 [10.1016/j.pss.2017.10.005]

    Teanby, N. A., M. A. Cordiner, C. A. Nixon, et al. P. G. Irwin, S. M. Hörst, M. Sylvestre, J. Serigano, A. E. Thelen, A. M. Richards, and S. B. Charnley. 2018. "The Origin of Titan’s External Oxygen: Further Constraints from ALMA Upper Limits on CS and CH2NH." The Astronomical Journal, 155 (6): 251 [10.3847/1538-3881/aac172]

    Cordiner, M. A., C. A. Nixon, S. B. Charnley, et al. N. A. Teanby, E. M. Molter, Z. Kisiel, and V. Vuitton. 2018. "Interferometric Imaging of Titan’s HC3N, H13CCCN, and HCCC15N." The Astrophysical Journal, 859 (1): L15 [10.3847/2041-8213/aac38d]

    Coustenis, A., D. E. Jennings, R. K. Achterberg, et al. G. Bampasidis, C. A. Nixon, P. Lavvas, V. Cottini, and F. M. Flasar. 2018. "Seasonal Evolution of Titan's Stratosphere Near the Poles." The Astrophysical Journal, 854 (2): L30 [10.3847/2041-8213/aaadbd]

    Teanby, N. A., B. Bézard, S. Vinatier, et al. M. Sylvestre, C. A. Nixon, P. G. Irwin, R. J. de Kok, S. B. Calcutt, and F. M. Flasar. 2017. "The formation and evolution of Titan’s winter polar vortex." Nature Communications, 8 (1): 1586 [10.1038/s41467-017-01839-z]

    Lai, J.-Y., M. Cordiner, C. Nixon, et al. R. Achterberg, E. Molter, N. Teanby, M. Palmer, S. Charnley, J. Lindberg, Z. Kisiel, M. Mumma, and P. Irwin. 2017. "Mapping Vinyl Cyanide and Other Nitriles in Titan's Atmosphere Using ALMA." The Astronomical Journal, 154: 206 [10.3847/1538-3881/aa8eef]

    Pierel, J. D., C. A. Nixon, E. Lellouch, et al. L. N. Fletcher, G. L. Bjoraker, R. K. Achterberg, B. Bézard, B. E. Hesman, P. G. Irwin, and F. M. Flasar. 2017. "D/H Ratios on Saturn and Jupiter from Cassini CIRS." The Astronomical Journal, 154 (5): 178 [10.3847/1538-3881/aa899d]

    Jennings, D. E., F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, et al. C. A. Nixon, M. E. Segura, P. N. Romani, N. Gorius, S. Albright, J. C. Brasunas, R. C. Carlson, A. A. Mamoutkine, E. Guandique, M. S. Kaelberer, S. Aslam, R. K. Achterberg, G. L. Bjoraker, C. M. Anderson, V. Cottini, J. C. Pearl, M. D. Smith, B. E. Hesman, R. D. Barney, S. Calcutt, T. J. Vellacott, L. J. Spilker, S. G. Edgington, S. M. Brooks, P. Ade, P. J. Schinder, A. Coustenis, R. Courtin, G. Michel, R. Fettig, S. Pilorz, and C. Ferrari. 2017. "Composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) on Cassini: publisher’s note." Applied Optics, 56 (21): 5897 [10.1364/ao.56.005897]

    Palmer, M., M. Cordiner, C. Nixon, et al. S. Charnley, N. Teanby, Z. Kisiel, P. Irwin, and M. Mumma. 2017. "ALMA detection and astrobiological potential of vinyl cyanide on Titan." Science Advances, 3: e1700022 [10.1126/sciadv.1700022]

    Jennings, D. E., F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, et al. C. A. Nixon, M. E. Segura, P. N. Romani, N. Gorius, S. Albright, J. C. Brasunas, R. C. Carlson, A. A. Mamoutkine, E. Guandique, M. S. Kaelberer, S. Aslam, R. K. Achterberg, G. L. Bjoraker, C. M. Anderson, V. Cottini, J. C. Pearl, M. D. Smith, B. E. Hesman, R. D. Barney, S. Calcutt, T. J. Vellacott, L. J. Spilker, S. G. Edgington, S. M. Brooks, P. Ade, P. J. Schinder, A. Coustenis, R. Courtin, G. Michel, R. Fettig, S. Pilorz, and C. Ferrari. 2017. "Composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) on Cassini." Applied Optics, 56 (18): 5274 [10.1364/ao.56.005274]

    Aslam, S., M. Amato, N. Bowles, et al. S. Calcutt, T. Hewagama, J. Howard, C. Howett, W.-T. Hsieh, T. Hurford, J. Hurley, P. Irwin, D. E. Jennings, E. Kessler, B. Lakew, M. Loeffler, M. Mellon, A. Nicoletti, C. A. Nixon, N. Putzig, G. Quilligan, J. Rathbun, M. Segura, J. Spencer, J. Spitale, and G. West. 2016. "Dual-telescope multi-channel thermal-infrared radiometer for outer planet fly-by missions." Acta Astronautica, 128: 628-639 [10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.08.009]

    Mousis, O., S. Aslam, C. A. Nixon, et al. D. Atkinson, T. Spilker, E. Venkatapathy, and J. Poncy. 2016. "The Hera Saturn Entry Probe Mission." Planetary and Space Science , 130: 80-103 [10.1016/j.pss.2015.06.020]

    Molter, E. M., C. A. Nixon, M. A. Cordiner, et al. J. Serigano, P. G. Irwin, N. A. Teanby, S. B. Charnley, and J. E. Lindberg. 2016. "ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF HCN AND ITS ISOTOPOLOGUES ON TITAN." The Astronomical Journal, 152 (2): 42 [10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/42]

    Coustenis, A., D. E. Jennings, R. K. Achterberg, et al. G. Bampasidis, P. Lavvas, C. A. Nixon, N. A. Teanby, C. M. Anderson, V. Cottini, and F. M. Flasar. 2016. "Titan’s temporal evolution in stratospheric trace gases near the poles." Icarus, 270: 409-420 [10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.027]

    Serigano, J., C. A. Nixon, M. A. Cordiner, et al. P. G. Irwin, N. A. Teanby, S. B. Charnley, and J. E. Lindberg. 2016. "Isotopic ratios of carbon and oxygen in Titan's CO using ALMA." The Astrophysical Journal, 821 (1): L8 [10.3847/2041-8205/821/1/l8]

    Nixon, C. A., F. Kirchman, J. Esper, D. Folta, and A. Mashiku. 2016. "Aerocapture design study for a Titan polar orbiter." 2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference, [10.1109/aero.2016.7500825]

    Mustafi, S., C. DeLee, J. Francis, et al. X. Li, D. McGuinness, C. Nixon, L. Purves, W. Willis, S. Riall, M. Devine, and A. Hedayat. 2016. "Cryogenic propulsion for the Titan Orbiter Polar Surveyor (TOPS) mission." Cryogenics, 74: 81-87 [10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.11.009]

    Nixon, C. A., R. K. Achterberg, M. Ádámkovics, et al. B. Bézard, G. L. Bjoraker, T. Cornet, A. G. Hayes, E. Lellouch, M. T. Lemmon, M. López-Puertas, S. Rodriguez, C. Sotin, N. A. Teanby, E. P. Turtle, and R. A. West. 2016. "Titan Science with theJames Webb Space Telescope." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 128 (959): 018007 [10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018007]

    Jennings, D. E., V. Cottini, C. A. Nixon, et al. R. K. Achterberg, F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, P. N. Romani, R. E. Samuelson, A. Mamoutkine, N. J. Gorius, A. Coustenis, and T. Tokano. 2016. "SURFACE TEMPERATURES ON TITAN DURING NORTHERN WINTER AND SPRING." The Astrophysical Journal, 816 (1): L17 [10.3847/2041-8205/816/1/l17]

    Zhang, X., R. A. West, P. G. Irwin, C. A. Nixon, and Y. L. Yung. 2015. "Aerosol influence on energy balance of the middle atmosphere of Jupiter." Nature Communications, 6 (1): 10231 [10.1038/ncomms10231]

    Aslam, S., M. J. Amato, D. Atkinson, et al. A. Colaprete, T. Hewaganma, D. E. Jennings, J. Lunine, C. A. Nixon, A. A. Simon, O. Mousis, and E. J. Wollack. 2015. "Net Flux Radiometer for a Saturn Probe." European Planetary Science Congress, 10: 388-389. (Submitted)

    Jennings, D. E., R. K. Achterberg, V. Cottini, et al. C. M. Anderson, F. M. Flasar, C. A. Nixon, G. L. Bjoraker, V. G. Kunde, R. C. Carlson, E. Guandique, M. S. Kaelberer, J. S. Tingley, S. A. Albright, M. E. Segura, R. D. Kok, A. Coustenis, S. Vinatier, G. Bampasidis, N. A. Teanby, and S. Calcutt. 2015. "EVOLUTION OF THE FAR-INFRARED CLOUD AT TITAN’S SOUTH POLE." The Astrophysical Journal, 804 (2): L34 [10.1088/2041-8205/804/2/l34]

    Chan, C., S. Albright, N. Gorius, et al. J. Brasunas, D. Jennings, F. M. Flasar, R. Carlson, E. Guandique, and C. Nixon. 2015. "Electrical interferences observed in the Cassini CIRS spectrometer." Experimental Astronomy, 39 (2): 367-386 [10.1007/s10686-015-9452-3]

    Li, L., X. Jiang, H. J. Trammell, et al. Y. Pan, J. Hernandez, B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, R. K. Achterberg, C. A. Nixon, F. M. Flasar, S. Perez-Hoyos, R. A. West, K. H. Baines, and B. Knowles. 2015. "Saturn's giant storm and global radiant energy." Geophysical Research Letters, 42 (7): 2144-2148 [10.1002/2015gl063763]

    Jolly, A., V. Cottini, A. Fayt, et al. L. Manceron, F. Kwabia-Tchana, Y. Benilan, J.-C. Guillemin, C. Nixon, and P. Irwin. 2015. "Gas phase dicyanoacetylene (C4N2) on Titan: New experimental and theoretical spectroscopy results applied to Cassini CIRS data." Icarus, 248: 340-346 [10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.049]

    Cordiner, M. A., M. Y. Palmer, C. A. Nixon, P. G. Irwin, and N. A. Teanby. 2015. "Ethyl Cyanide On Titan: Spectroscopic Detection and Mapping Using ALMA." ApJ, 800: L14.

    Tobie, G., N. Teanby, A. Coustenis, et al. R. Jaumann, F. Raulin, J. Schmidt, N. Carrasco, A. Coates, D. Cordier, R. De Kok, W. Geppert, J.-P. Lebreton, A. Lefevre, T. Livengood, K. Mandt, G. Mitri, F. Nimmo, C. Nixon, L. Norman, R. Pappalardo, F. Postberg, S. Rodriguez, D. Schulze-Makuch, J. Soderblom, A. Solomonidou, K. Stephan, E. Stofan, E. Turtle, R. Wagner, R. West, and J. Westlake. 2014. "Science goals and mission concept for the future exploration of Titan and Enceladus." Planetary and Space Science, 104: 59-77 [10.1016/j.pss.2014.10.002]

    Lellouch, E., B. Bézard, F. Flasar, et al. S. Vinatier, R. Achterberg, C. Nixon, G. Bjoraker, and N. Gorius. 2014. "The distribution of methane in Titan’s stratosphere from Cassini/CIRS observations." Icarus, 231: 323-337 [10.1016/j.icarus.2013.12.016]

    Zahnle, K. J., D. G. Korycansky, and C. A. Nixon. 2014. "Transient climate effects of large impacts on Titan." Icarus, 229: 378-391 [10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.006]

    Cordiner, M. A., C. A. Nixon, N. Teanby, et al. P. G. Irwin, J. Serigano, G. L. Villanueva, and L. Paganini. 2014. "ALMA Measurements of the HNC and HC3N Distributions in Titans Atmosphere." ApJ, 795: L30.

    Coustenis, A., G. Bampasidis, R. K. Achterberg, et al. P. Lavvas, D. E. Jennings, C. A. Nixon, N. A. Teanby, S. Vinatier, F. M. Flasar, R. C. Carlson, G. Orton, P. N. Romani, E. A. Guandique, and S. Stamogiorgos. 2013. "EVOLUTION OF THE STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OVER ONE TITANIAN YEAR." The Astrophysical Journal, 779 (2): 177 [10.1088/0004-637x/779/2/177]

    Zhang, X., C. Nixon, R. Shia, et al. R. West, P. Irwin, R. Yelle, M. Allen, and Y. Yung. 2013. "Radiative forcing of the stratosphere of Jupiter, Part I: Atmospheric cooling rates from Voyager to Cassini." Planetary and Space Science, 88: 3-25 [10.1016/j.pss.2013.07.005]

    Nixon, C. A., D. E. Jennings, B. Bézard, et al. S. Vinatier, N. A. Teanby, K. Sung, T. M. Ansty, P. G. Irwin, N. Gorius, V. Cottini, A. Coustenis, and F. M. Flasar. 2013. "DETECTION OF PROPENE IN TITAN'S STRATOSPHERE." The Astrophysical Journal, 776 (1): L14 [10.1088/2041-8205/776/1/l14]

    Li, L., R. K. Achterberg, B. J. Conrath, et al. P. J. Gierasch, M. A. Smith, A. A. Simon-Miller, C. A. Nixon, G. S. Orton, F. M. Flasar, X. Jiang, K. H. Baines, R. Morales-Juberias, A. P. Ingersoll, A. R. Vasavada, A. Del Genio, R. A. West, and S. P. Ewald. 2013. "Strong Temporal Variation Over One Saturnian Year: From Voyager to Cassini." Scientific Reports, 3 (2410): [10.1038/srep02410]

    Nixon, C. A., N. A. Teanby, P. G. Irwin, and S. M. Hörst. 2013. "Upper limits for PH3 and H2S in Titan’s atmosphere from Cassini CIRS." Icarus, 224 (1): 253-256 [10.1016/j.icarus.2013.02.024]

    Teanby, N., P. Irwin, C. Nixon, et al. R. Courtin, B. Swinyard, R. Moreno, E. Lellouch, M. Rengel, and P. Hartogh. 2013. "Constraints on Titan's middle atmosphere ammonia abundance from Herschel/SPIRE sub-millimetre spectra." Planetary and Space Science, 75: 136-147 [10.1016/j.pss.2012.11.008]

    Nixon, C. A., N. A. Teanby, C. M. Anderson, and S. Vinatier. 2013. "Nitrogen in the Stratosphere of Titan from Cassini CIRS Infrared Spectroscopy." The Early Evolution of the Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets, 123-143 [10.1007/978-1-4614-5191-4_10]

    Teanby, N. A., P. G. Irwin, C. A. Nixon, et al. R. de Kok, S. Vinatier, A. Coustenis, E. Sefton-Nash, S. B. Calcutt, and F. M. Flasar. 2012. "Active upper-atmosphere chemistry and dynamics from polar circulation reversal on Titan." Nature, 491 (7426): 732-735 [10.1038/nature11611]

    Jennings, D. E., C. M. Anderson, R. E. Samuelson, et al. F. M. Flasar, C. A. Nixon, G. L. Bjoraker, P. N. Romani, R. K. Achterberg, V. Cottini, B. E. Hesman, V. G. Kunde, R. C. Carlson, R. de Kok, A. Coustenis, S. Vinatier, G. Bampasidis, N. A. Teanby, and S. B. Calcutt. 2012. "FIRST OBSERVATION IN THE SOUTH OF TITAN'S FAR-INFRARED 220 cm –1 CLOUD." The Astrophysical Journal, 761 (1): L15 [10.1088/2041-8205/761/1/l15]

    Bampasidis, G., A. Coustenis, R. K. Achterberg, et al. S. Vinatier, P. Lavvas, C. A. Nixon, D. E. Jennings, N. A. Teanby, F. M. Flasar, R. C. Carlson, X. Moussas, P. Preka-Papadema, P. N. Romani, E. A. Guandique, and S. Stamogiorgos. 2012. "THERMAL AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURE VARIATIONS IN TITAN'S STRATOSPHERE DURING THECASSINIMISSION." The Astrophysical Journal, 760 (2): 144 [10.1088/0004-637x/760/2/144]

    Hesman, B. E., G. L. Bjoraker, P. V. Sada, et al. R. K. Achterberg, D. E. Jennings, P. N. Romani, A. W. Lunsford, L. N. Fletcher, R. J. Boyle, A. A. Simon-Miller, P. G. Irwin, and C. A. Nixon. 2012. "Elusive Ethylene Detected in Saturn's Northern Storm Region." Astrophysical Journal, 760:24: [10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/24]

    Cottini, V., C. Nixon, D. Jennings, et al. C. Anderson, N. Gorius, G. Bjoraker, A. Coustenis, N. Teanby, R. Achterberg, B. Bézard, R. de Kok, E. Lellouch, P. Irwin, F. Flasar, and G. Bampasidis. 2012. "Water vapor in Titan’s stratosphere from Cassini CIRS far-infrared spectra." Icarus, 220 (2): 855-862 [10.1016/j.icarus.2012.06.014]

    Jennings, D. E., C. M. Anderson, R. E. Samuelson, et al. F. M. Flasar, C. A. Nixon, V. G. Kunde, R. K. Achterberg, V. Cottini, R. de Kok, A. Coustenis, S. Vinatier, and S. B. Calcutt. 2012. "SEASONAL DISAPPEARANCE OF FAR-INFRARED HAZE IN TITAN'S STRATOSPHERE." The Astrophysical Journal, 754 (1): L3 [10.1088/2041-8205/754/1/l3]

    Mandt, K. E., J. H. Waite, B. Teolis, et al. B. A. Magee, J. Bell, J. H. Westlake, C. A. Nixon, O. Mousis, and J. I. Lunine. 2012. "THE12C/13C RATIO ON TITAN FROM CASSINI INMS MEASUREMENTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF METHANE." The Astrophysical Journal, 749 (2): 160 [10.1088/0004-637x/749/2/160]

    Nixon, C. A., B. Temelso, S. Vinatier, et al. N. A. Teanby, B. Bézard, R. K. Achterberg, K. E. Mandt, C. D. Sherrill, P. G. Irwin, D. E. Jennings, P. N. Romani, A. Coustenis, and F. M. Flasar. 2012. "ISOTOPIC RATIOS IN TITAN's METHANE: MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING." The Astrophysical Journal, 749 (2): 159 [10.1088/0004-637x/749/2/159]

    Aslam, S., T. Hewagama, D. E. Jennings, and C. A. Nixon. 2012. "A Near Infrared and Thermal Imager for Mapping Tttan's Surface Features." Titan Through Time II Workshop, 35.

    Nixon, C. A., T. M. Ansty, F. M. Flasar, and R. K. Achterberg. 2012. "Designing infrared observations of Titan's atmosphere with Cassini CIRS." 2012 IEEE Aerospace Conference, [10.1109/aero.2012.6187400]

    Nixon, C. A., and R. D. Lorenz. 2012. "Titan through time: Formation, evolution and fate." Planetary and Space Science, 60 (1): 1-2 [10.1016/j.pss.2011.12.012]

    Cottini, V., C. Nixon, D. Jennings, et al. R. de Kok, N. Teanby, P. Irwin, and F. Flasar. 2012. "Spatial and temporal variations in Titan's surface temperatures from Cassini CIRS observations." Planetary and Space Science, 60 (1): 62-71 [10.1016/j.pss.2011.03.015]

    Li, L., K. H. Baines, M. A. Smith, et al. R. A. West, S. Perez-Hoyos, H. J. Trammel, A. A. Simon-Miller, B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, G. S. Orton, C. A. Nixon, G. Filacchione, P. M. Fry, and T. W. Momary. 2012. "Emitted Power of Jupiter Based on Cassini CIRS and VIMS Observations. ." J Geophys Res - Planets, 117: E11002 [ doi:10.1029/2012JE004191]

    Li, L., C. A. Nixon, R. K. Achterberg, et al. M. A. Smith, N. J. Gorius, X. Jiang, B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, A. A. Simon-Miller, F. M. Flasar, K. H. Baines, A. P. Ingersoll, R. A. West, A. R. Vasavada, and S. P. Ewald. 2011. "The Global Energy Balance of Titan ." Geophys Res Letter, 38: L23201 [10.1029/2011GL050053]

    Li, L., X. Jiang, A. P. Ingersoll, et al. A. D. Del Genio, C. C. Porco, R. A. West, A. R. Vasavada, S. P. Ewald, B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, A. A. Simon, C. A. Nixon, R. K. Achterberg, G. S. Orton, L. N. Fletcher, and K. H. Baines. 2011. "Equatorial winds on Saturn and the Stratospheric Oscillation." Nature Geoscience, 4: 750-752 [10.1038/ngeo1292]

    Jennings, D. E., V. Cottini, C. A. Nixon, et al. F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, R. E. Samuelson, P. N. Romani, B. E. Hesman, R. C. Carlson, N. J. Gorius, A. Coustenis, and T. Tokano. 2011. "SEASONAL CHANGES IN TITAN'S SURFACE TEMPERATURES." The Astrophysical Journal, 737 (1): L15 [10.1088/2041-8205/737/1/l15]

    Achterberg, R. K., P. J. Gierasch, B. J. Conrath, F. Michael Flasar, and C. A. Nixon. 2011. "Temporal variations of Titan’s middle-atmospheric temperatures from 2004 to 2009 observed by Cassini/CIRS." Icarus, 211 (1): 686-698 [10.1016/j.icarus.2010.08.009]

    Vinatier, S., B. Bézard, R. de Kok, et al. C. M. Anderson, R. E. Samuelson, C. A. Nixon, A. Mamoutkine, R. C. Carlson, D. E. Jennings, and E. A. Guandique. 2010. "Analysis of Cassini/CIRS limb spectra of Titan acquired during the nominal mission II: Aerosol extinction profiles in the 600–1420cm−1 spectral range." Icarus, 210 (2): 852-866 [10.1016/j.icarus.2010.06.024]

    Teanby, N. A., P. G. Irwin, R. de Kok, and C. A. Nixon. 2010. "SEASONAL CHANGES IN TITAN'S POLAR TRACE GAS ABUNDANCE OBSERVED BYCASSINI." The Astrophysical Journal, 724 (1): L84-L89 [10.1088/2041-8205/724/1/l84]

    Nixon, C., R. Achterberg, P. Romani, et al. M. Allen, X. Zhang, N. Teanby, P. Irwin, and F. Flasar. 2010. "Abundances of Jupiter's trace hydrocarbons from Voyager and Cassini." Planetary and Space Science, 58 (13): 1667-1680 [10.1016/j.pss.2010.05.008]

    Nixon, C. A., N. A. Teanby, S. B. Calcutt, et al. S. Aslam, D. E. Jennings, V. G. Kunde, F. M. Flasar, P. G. Irwin, F. W. Taylor, D. A. Glenar, and M. D. Smith. 2010. "Infrared limb sounding of Titan with the Cassini Composite InfraRed Spectrometer: effects of the mid-IR detector spatial responses: errata." Applied Optics, 49 (29): 5575 [10.1364/ao.49.005575]

    Coustenis, A., D. Jennings, C. Nixon, et al. R. Achterberg, P. Lavvas, S. Vinatier, N. Teanby, G. Bjoraker, R. Carlson, L. Piani, G. Bampasidis, F. Flasar, and P. Romani. 2010. "Titan trace gaseous composition from CIRS at the end of the Cassini–Huygens prime mission." Icarus, 207 (1): 461-476 [10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.027]

    Flaud, J.-M., F. Kwabia Tchana, W. Lafferty, and C. Nixon. 2010. "High resolution analysis of the ν26 and 2ν9–ν9 bands of propane: modelling of Titan's infrared spectrum at 13.4 μm." Molecular Physics, 108 (6): 699-704 [10.1080/00268970903501709]

    Nixon, C. A., R. K. Achterberg, and F. M. Flasar. 2010. "Infrared limb sounding with Cassini CIRS: Optimal viewing strategy using horizon nodes." 2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference, [10.1109/aero.2010.5446856]

    Vinatier, S., B. Bézard, C. A. Nixon, et al. A. Mamoutkine, R. C. Carlson, D. E. Jennings, E. A. Guandique, N. A. Teanby, G. L. Bjoraker, F. Michael Flasar, and V. G. Kunde. 2010. "Analysis of Cassini/CIRS limb spectra of Titan acquired during the nominal mission." Icarus, 205 (2): 559-570 [10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.013]

    Teanby, N. A., P. G. Irwin, R. de Kok, and C. A. Nixon. 2010. "Mapping Titan's HCN in the far infra-red: implications for photochemistry." Faraday Discussions, 147: 51 [10.1039/c001690j]

    Nixon, C. A., R. K. Achterberg, N. A. Teanby, et al. P. G. Irwin, J.-M. Flaud, I. Kleiner, A. Dehayem-Kamadjeu, L. R. Brown, R. L. Sams, B. Bézard, A. Coustenis, T. M. Ansty, A. Mamoutkine, S. Vinatier, G. L. Bjoraker, D. E. Jennings, P. N. Romani, and F. M. Flasar. 2010. "Upper limits for undetected trace species in the stratosphere of Titan." Faraday Discussions, 147: 65 [10.1039/c003771k]

    Jolly, A., A. Fayt, Y. Benilan, et al. D. Jacquemart, C. A. Nixon, and D. E. Jennings. 2010. "The ν8 Bending Mode of Diacetylene: From Laboratory Spectroscopy to the Detection of 13C Isotopologues in Titan's Atmosphere." The Astrophysical Journal, 714 (1): 852-859 [10.1088/0004-637X/714/1/852]

    Li, L., B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, et al. R. K. Achterberg, C. A. Nixon, A. A. Simon-Miller, F. M. Flasar, D. Banfield, K. H. Baines, R. A. West, A. A. Ingersoll, A. R. Vasavada, A. D. Del Genio, C. C. Porco, A. A. Mamoutkine, M. E. Segura, G. L. Bjoraker, H. S. Orton, L. N. Fletcher, P. G. Irwin, and P. L. Read. 2010. "Saturn's emitted power." J Geophys Res, 115 (E11): E11002 [10.1029/2010JE003631]

    Nixon, C., D. Jennings, J.-M. Flaud, et al. B. Bézard, N. Teanby, P. Irwin, T. Ansty, A. Coustenis, S. Vinatier, and F. Flasar. 2009. "Titan's prolific propane: The Cassini CIRS perspective." Planetary and Space Science, 57 (13): 1573-1585 [10.1016/j.pss.2009.06.021]

    Jennings, D. E., P. N. Romani, G. L. Bjoraker, et al. P. V. Sada, C. A. Nixon, A. W. Lunsford, R. J. Boyle, B. E. Hesman, and G. H. McCabe. 2009. "12C/13C Ratio in Ethane on Titan and Implications for Methane’s Replenishment†." The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 113 (42): 11101-11106 [10.1021/jp903637d]

    Roman, M. T., R. A. West, D. J. Banfield, et al. P. J. Gierasch, R. K. Achterberg, C. A. Nixon, and P. C. Thomas. 2009. "Determining a tilt in Titan’s north–south albedo asymmetry from Cassini images." Icarus, 203 (1): 242-249 [10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.021]

    Teanby, N., P. Irwin, R. de Kok, et al. A. Jolly, B. Bézard, C. Nixon, and S. Calcutt. 2009. "Titan's stratospheric C2N2, C3H4, and C4H2 abundances from Cassini/CIRS far-infrared spectra." Icarus, 202 (2): 620-631 [10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.022]

    Hesman, B. E., D. E. Jennings, P. V. Sada, et al. G. L. Bjoraker, R. K. Achterberg, A. A. Simon-Miller, C. M. Anderson, R. J. Boyle, C. A. Nixon, L. N. Fletcher, and G. H. McCabe. 2009. "Saturn's latitudinal C2H2 and C2H6 abundance profiles from Cassini/CIRS and ground-based observations." Icarus, 202 (1): 249-259 [10.1016/j.icarus.2009.02.013]

    Nixon, C. A., N. A. Teanby, S. B. Calcutt, et al. S. Aslam, D. E. Jennings, V. G. Kunde, F. M. Flasar, P. G. Irwin, F. W. Taylor, D. A. Glenar, and M. D. Smith. 2009. "Infrared limb sounding of Titan with the Cassini Composite InfraRed Spectrometer: effects of the mid-IR detector spatial responses." Applied Optics, 48 (10): 1912 [10.1364/ao.48.001912]

    Coustenis, A., S. K. Atreya, T. Balint, et al. R. H. Brown, M. K. Dougherty, F. Ferri, M. Fulchignoni, D. Gautier, R. A. Gowen, C. A. Griffith, L. I. Gurvits, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, M. R. Leese, J. I. Lunine, C. P. McKay, X. Moussas, I. Müller-Wodarg, F. Neubauer, T. C. Owen, F. Raulin, E. C. Sittler, F. Sohl, C. Sotin, G. Tobie, T. Tokano, E. P. Turtle, J. Wahlund, J. H. Waite, K. H. Baines, J. Blamont, A. J. Coates, I. Dandouras, T. Krimigis, E. Lellouch, R. D. Lorenz, A. Morse, C. C. Porco, M. Hirtzig, J. Saur, T. Spilker, J. C. Zarnecki, E. Choi, N. Achilleos, R. Amils, P. Annan, D. H. Atkinson, Y. Bénilan, C. Bertucci, B. Bézard, G. L. Bjoraker, M. Blanc, L. Boireau, J. Bouman, M. Cabane, M. T. Capria, E. Chassefière, P. Coll, M. Combes, J. F. Cooper, A. Coradini, F. Crary, T. Cravens, I. A. Daglis, E. de Angelis, C. de Bergh, I. de Pater, C. Dunford, G. Durry, O. Dutuit, D. Fairbrother, F. M. Flasar, A. D. Fortes, R. Frampton, M. Fujimoto, M. Galand, O. Grasset, M. Grott, T. Haltigin, A. Herique, F. Hersant, H. Hussmann, W. Ip, R. Johnson, E. Kallio, S. Kempf, M. Knapmeyer, W. Kofman, R. Koop, T. Kostiuk, N. Krupp, M. Küppers, H. Lammer, L. Lara, P. Lavvas, S. Le Mouélic, S. Lebonnois, S. Ledvina, J. Li, T. A. Livengood, R. M. Lopes, J. Lopez-Moreno, D. Luz, P. R. Mahaffy, U. Mall, J. Martinez-Frias, B. Marty, T. McCord, C. Menor Salvan, A. Milillo, D. G. Mitchell, R. Modolo, O. Mousis, M. Nakamura, C. D. Neish, C. A. Nixon, D. Nna Mvondo, G. Orton, M. Paetzold, J. Pitman, S. Pogrebenko, W. Pollard, O. Prieto-Ballesteros, P. Rannou, K. Reh, L. Richter, F. T. Robb, R. Rodrigo, S. Rodriguez, P. Romani, M. Ruiz Bermejo, E. T. Sarris, P. Schenk, B. Schmitt, N. Schmitz, D. Schulze-Makuch, K. Schwingenschuh, A. Selig, B. Sicardy, L. Soderblom, L. J. Spilker, D. Stam, A. Steele, K. Stephan, D. F. Strobel, K. Szego, C. Szopa, R. Thissen, M. G. Tomasko, D. Toublanc, H. Vali, I. Vardavas, V. Vuitton, R. A. West, R. Yelle, and E. F. Young. 2009. "TandEM: Titan and Enceladus mission." Experimental Astronomy, 23: 893 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1007/s10686-008-9103-z]

    Teanby, N. A., P. G. Irwin, R. de Kok, and C. A. Nixon. 2009. "Dynamical implications of seasonal and spatial variations in Titan's stratospheric composition." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 367 (1889): 697-711 [10.1098/rsta.2008.0164]

    Jennings, D. E., F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, et al. R. E. Samuelson, J. C. Pearl, C. A. Nixon, R. C. Carlson, A. A. Mamoutkine, J. C. Brasunas, E. Guandique, R. K. Achterberg, G. L. Bjoraker, P. N. Romani, M. E. Segura, S. A. Albright, M. H. Elliott, J. S. Tingley, S. Calcutt, A. Coustenis, and R. Courtin. 2009. "TITAN'S SURFACE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES." The Astrophysical Journal, 691 (2): L103-L105 [10.1088/0004-637x/691/2/l103]

    Teanby, N. A., R. de Kok, P. G. Irwin, et al. S. Osprey, S. Vinatier, P. J. Gierasch, P. L. Read, F. M. Flasar, B. J. Conrath, R. K. Achterberg, B. Bézard, C. A. Nixon, and S. B. Calcutt. 2008. "Titan's winter polar vortex structure revealed by chemical tracers." Journal of Geophysical Research, 113 (E12): E12003 [10.1029/2008je003218]

    Coustenis, A., D. E. Jennings, A. Jolly, et al. Y. Bénilan, C. A. Nixon, S. Vinatier, D. Gautier, G. L. Bjoraker, P. N. Romani, R. C. Carlson, and F. M. Flasar. 2008. "Detection of C2HD and the D/H ratio on Titan." Icarus, 197 (2): 539-548 [10.1016/j.icarus.2008.06.003]

    Achterberg, R. K., B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, F. M. Flasar, and C. A. Nixon. 2008. "Observation of a tilt of Titan's middle-atmospheric superrotation." Icarus, 197 (2): 549-555 [10.1016/j.icarus.2008.05.014]

    Jennings, D. E., C. A. Nixon, A. Jolly, et al. B. Bézard, A. Coustenis, S. Vinatier, P. G. Irwin, N. A. Teanby, P. N. Romani, R. K. Achterberg, and F. M. Flasar. 2008. "Isotopic Ratios in Titan's Atmosphere fromCassiniCIRS Limb Sounding: HC3N in the North." The Astrophysical Journal, 681 (2): L109-L111 [10.1086/590534]

    Nixon, C. A., D. E. Jennings, B. Bézard, et al. N. A. Teanby, R. K. Achterberg, A. Coustenis, S. Vinatier, P. G. Irwin, P. N. Romani, T. Hewagama, and F. M. Flasar. 2008. "Isotopic Ratios in Titan's Atmosphere fromCassiniCIRS Limb Sounding: CO2at Low and Midlatitudes." The Astrophysical Journal, 681 (2): L101-L103 [10.1086/590553]

    Nixon, C., R. Achterberg, S. Vinatier, et al. B. Bézard, A. Coustenis, P. Irwin, N. Teanby, R. de Kok, P. Romani, D. Jennings, G. Bjoraker, and F. Flasar. 2008. "The 12C/13C isotopic ratio in Titan hydrocarbons from Cassini/CIRS infrared spectra." Icarus, 195 (2): 778-791 [10.1016/j.icarus.2008.01.012]

    Irwin, P., N. Teanby, R. de Kok, et al. L. Fletcher, C. Howett, C. Tsang, C. Wilson, S. Calcutt, C. Nixon, and P. Parrish. 2008. "The NEMESIS planetary atmosphere radiative transfer and retrieval tool." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 109 (6): 1136-1150 [10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.11.006]

    Achterberg, R. K., B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, F. M. Flasar, and C. A. Nixon. 2008. "Titan's middle-atmospheric temperatures and dynamics observed by the Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer." Icarus, 194 (1): 263-277 [10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.029]

    Teanby, N., P. Irwin, R. de Kok, et al. C. Nixon, A. Coustenis, E. Royer, S. Calcutt, N. Bowles, L. Fletcher, C. Howett, and F. Taylor. 2008. "Global and temporal variations in hydrocarbons and nitriles in Titan's stratosphere for northern winter observed by Cassini/CIRS." Icarus, 193 (2): 595-611 [10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.017]

    Bezard, B., C. Nixon, I. Kleiner, and D. Jennings. 2007. "Detection of 13CH3D on Titan." Icarus, 191 (1): 397-400 [10.1016/j.icarus.2007.06.004]

    Dekok, R., P. Irwin, N. Teanby, et al. C. Nixon, D. Jennings, L. Fletcher, C. Howett, S. Calcutt, N. Bowles, and F. Flasar. 2007. "Characteristics of Titan's stratospheric aerosols and condensate clouds from Cassini CIRS far-infrared spectra." Icarus, 191 (1): 223-235 [10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.003]

    Vinatier, S., B. Bézard, and C. A. Nixon. 2007. "The Titan 14N/15N and 12C/13C isotopic ratios in HCN from Cassini/CIRS." Icarus, 191 (2): 712-721 [10.1016/j.icarus.2007.06.001]

    Coustenis, A., R. K. Achterberg, B. J. Conrath, et al. D. E. Jennings, A. Marten, D. Gautier, C. A. Nixon, F. M. Flasar, N. A. Teanby, B. Bézard, R. E. Samuelson, R. C. Carlson, E. Lellouch, G. L. Bjoraker, P. N. Romani, F. W. Taylor, P. G. Irwin, T. Fouchet, A. Hubert, G. S. Orton, V. G. Kunde, S. Vinatier, J. Mondellini, M. M. Abbas, and R. Courtin. 2007. "The composition of Titan's stratosphere from Cassini/CIRS mid-infrared spectra." Icarus, 189 (1): 35-62 [10.1016/j.icarus.2006.12.022]

    Vinatier, S., B. Bezard, T. Fouchet, et al. N. Teanby, R. Dekok, P. Irwin, B. Conrath, C. Nixon, P. Romani, and F. Flasar. 2007. "Vertical abundance profiles of hydrocarbons in Titan's atmosphere at 15° S and 80° N retrieved from Cassini/CIRS spectra." Icarus, 188 (1): 120-138 [10.1016/j.icarus.2006.10.031]

    Nixon, C., R. Achterberg, B. Conrath, et al. P. Irwin, N. A. Teanby, T. Fouchet, P. Parrish, P. Romani, M. Abbas, A. LeClair, D. Strobel, A. A. Simon-Miller, D. Jennings, F. M. Flasar, and V. Kunde. 2007. "Meridional Variations of C2H2 and C2H6 in Jupiter's Atmosphere from Cassini CIRS Infrared Spectra." Icarus, 188: 47-71. [10.1016/j.icarus.2006.11.016]

    de Kok, R., P. Irwin, N. Teanby, et al. E. Lellouch, B. Bézard, S. Vinatier, C. Nixon, L. Fletcher, C. Howett, S. Calcutt, N. Bowles, F. Flasar, and F. Taylor. 2007. "Oxygen compounds in Titan's stratosphere as observed by Cassini CIRS." Icarus, 186 (2): 354-363 [10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.016]

    Teanby, N., P. Irwin, R. de Kok, et al. S. Vinatier, B. Bézard, C. Nixon, F. Flasar, S. Calcutt, N. Bowles, L. Fletcher, C. Howett, and F. Taylor. 2007. "Vertical profiles of HCN, HC3N, and C2H2 in Titan's atmosphere derived from Cassini/CIRS data." Icarus, 186 (2): 364-384 [10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.024]

    Teanby, N., P. Irwin, R. Dekok, et al. C. Nixon, A. Coustenis, B. Bezard, S. Calcutt, N. Bowles, F. Flasar, and L. Fletcher. 2006. "Latitudinal variations of HCN, HC3N, and C2N2 in Titan's stratosphere derived from Cassini CIRS data." Icarus, 181 (1): 243-255 [10.1016/j.icarus.2005.11.008]

    Flasar, F. M., R. Achterberg, B. Conrath, et al. P. Gierasch, V. Kunde, C. Nixon, G. Bjoraker, D. Jennings, P. Romani, A. Simon-Miller, B. Bezard, A. Coustenis, P. Irwin, N. Teanby, J. Brasunas, J. Pearl, M. Segura, R. Carlson, A. Mamoutkine, P. Schinder, A. Barucci, R. Courtin, T. Fouchet, D. Gautier, E. Lellouch, A. Marten, R. Prange, S. Vinatier, D. Strobel, S. Calcutt, P. Read, F. Taylor, N. Bowles, R. Samuelson, G. Orton, L. Spilker, T. Owen, J. Spencer, M. Showalter, C. Ferrari, M. Abbas, F. Raulin, S. Edgington, P. Ade, and E. Wishnow. 2005. "Titan's Atmospheric Temperatures, Winds, and Composition." Science, 308 (5724): 975-978. [10.1126/science.1111150]

    Flasar, F. M., R. K. Achterberg, B. J. Conrath, et al. J. C. Pearl, G. L. Bjoraker, D. E. Jennings, P. N. Romani, A. A. Simon-Miller, V. G. Kunde, C. A. Nixon, B. Bezard, G. Orton, L. Spilker, J. R. Spencer, P. G. Irwin, N. A. Teanby, T. Owen, J. C. Brasunas, M. E. Segura, R. C. Carlson, A. A. Mamoutkine, P. Gierasch, P. Schinder, M. Showalter, C. Ferrari, A. Barucci, R. Courtin, A. Coustenis, T. Fouchet, D. Gautier, E. Lellouch, A. Marten, R. Prange, D. Strobel, S. Calcutt, P. Read, F. Taylor, N. Bowles, R. E. Samuelson, M. Abbas, F. Raulin, P. Ade, S. Edgington, S. Pilorz, B. Wallis, and E. Wishnow. 2005. "Temperatures, Winds, and Composition in the Saturnian System." Science, 307 (5713): 1247-1251 [10.1126/science.1105806]

    Fouchet, T., P. G. Irwin, P. Parrish, et al. S. B. Calcutt, F. W. Taylor, C. A. Nixon, and T. Owen. 2004. "Search for spatial variation in the jovian 15N/14N ratio from Cassini/CIRS observations." Icarus, 172 (1): 50-58 [10.1016/j.icarus.2003.11.011]

    Irwin, P., P. Parrish, T. Fouchet, et al. S. Calcutt, F. Taylor, A. Simon-Miller, C. Nixon, and F. M. Flasar. 2004. "Retrievals of Jovian tropospheric phosphine from Cassini/CIRS." Icarus, 172 (1): 37-49 [10.1016/j.icarus.2003.09.027 ]

    Kunde, V., F. M. Flasar, D. Jennings, et al. B. Bezard, D. Strobel, B. Conrath, C. Nixon, G. Bjoraker, P. Romani, R. Achterberg, A. Simon-Miller, P. Irwin, J. Brasunas, J. Pearl, M. D. Smith, G. Orton, P. Gierasch, L. Spilker, R. Carlson, A. Mamoutkine, S. Calcutt, P. Read, F. Taylor, T. Fouchet, P. Parrish, A. Barucci, R. Courtin, A. Coustenis, D. Gautier, E. Lellouch, A. Marten, R. Prange, Y. Biraud, C. Ferrari, T. Owen, M. Abbas, R. Samuelson, F. Raulin, P. Ade, C. Cesarsky, K. Grossman, and A. Coradini. 2004. "Jupiter's Atmospheric Composition from the Cassini Thermal Infrared Spectroscopy Experiment." Science, 305 (5690): 1582-1586. [10.1126/science.1100240]

    Fouchet, T., G. Orton, P. G. Irwin, S. B. Calcutt, and C. A. Nixon. 2004. "Upper limits on hydrogen halides in Jupiter from Cassini/CIRS observations." Icarus, 170 (1): 237-241 [10.1016/j.icarus.2004.03.013]

    Wong, M. H., G. L. Bjoraker, M. D. Smith, F. Flasar, and C. A. Nixon. 2004. "Identification of the 10-μm ammonia ice feature on Jupiter." Planetary and Space Science, 52 (5-6): 385-395 [10.1016/j.pss.2003.06.005]

    Abbas, M. M., A. LeClair, T. Owen, et al. B. J. Conrath, F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, C. A. Nixon, R. K. Achterberg, G. Bjoraker, D. J. Jennings, G. Orton, and P. N. Romani. 2004. "The Nitrogen Isotopic Ratio in Jupiter’s Atmosphere from Observations by the Composite Infrared Spectrometer on theCassiniSpacecraft." The Astrophysical Journal, 602 (2): 1063-1074 [10.1086/381084]

    Flasar, F. M., V. G. Kunde, R. K. Achterberg, et al. B. J. Conrath, A. A. Simon, C. A. Nixon, P. Gierasch, P. N. Romani, B. Bezard, P. G. Irwin, G. L. Bjoraker, J. C. Brasunas, D. E. Jennings, J. C. Pearl, M. D. Smith, G. Orton, L. Spilker, R. C. Carlson, S. Calcutt, P. Read, F. Taylor, P. Parrish, A. Barucci, R. Courtin, A. Coustenis, D. Gautier, E. Lellouch, A. Marten, R. Prange, Y. Biraud, T. Fouchet, C. Ferrari, T. Owen, M. Abbas, R. E. Samuelson, F. Raulin, P. Ade, C. Cesarsky, K. Grossman, and A. Coradini. 2004. "An Intense Stratospheric Jet on Jupiter." Nature, 427: 132-135 [10.1038/nature02142]

    Flasar, F. M., V. Kunde, M. Abbas, et al. R. Achterberg, P. Ade, A. Barucci, B. Bezard, G. Bjoraker, J. Brasunas, S. Calcutt, R. Carlson, C. Cesarsky, B. J. Conrath, A. Coradini, R. Courtin, A. Coustenis, S. Edberg, S. Edgington, C. Ferrari, D. Gautier, P. Gierasch, K. Grossman, P. Irwin, D. Jennings, E. Lellouch, A. Marten, J. Meyer, C. Nixon, G. Orton, T. Owen, J. Pearl, R. Prange, F. Raulin, P. Read, P. Romani, R. Samuelson, M. Segura, M. Showalter, A. Simon-Miller, M. D. Smith, J. Spencer, L. Spilker, and F. Taylor. 2004. "Exploring the Saturn System in the Thermal Infrared: The Composite Infrared Spectrometer." Space Science Reviews, 115 (1-4): 169-297 [10.1007/s11214-004-1454-9 ]

    Nixon, C. A., J. C. Brasunas, B. Lakew, et al. R. K. Fettig, D. E. Jennings, R. C. Carlson, and V. G. Kunde. 2003. "In-flight Far-Infrared Performance of the CIRS Instrument on Cassini."

    Nixon, C., P. G. Irwin, S. B. Calcutt, F. W. Taylor, and R. W. Carlson. 2001. "Atmospheric Composition and Cloud Structure in Jovian 5-μm Hotspots from Analysis of Galileo NIMS Measurements." Icarus, 150 (1): 48-68 [10.1006/icar.2000.6561]

    Roos-Serote, M., A. R. Vasavada, L. Kamp, et al. P. Drossart, P. Irwin, C. Nixon, and R. W. Carlson. 2000. "Proximate humid and dry regions in Jupiter's atmosphere indicate complex local meteorology." Nature, 405 (6783): 158-160 [10.1038/35012023]

    Taylor, F., S. Calcutt, P. Irwin, et al. C. Nixon, P. Read, P. Smith, and T. Vellacott. 1998. "Investigation of Saturns atmosphere by Cassini." Planetary and Space Science, 46 (9-10): 1315-1324 [10.1016/s0032-0633(97)00229-8]

    Drew, J. E., G. Busfield, M. G. Hoare, et al. K. A. Murdoch, C. A. Nixon, and R. D. Oudmaijer. 1997. "MWC 297, B1.5Ve: a zero-age main-sequence star in the Aquila Rift." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 286 (3): 538-548 [10.1093/mnras/286.3.538]

    Talks, Presentations and Posters

    Invited

    "Astronomical Investigations of Titan’s Atmosphere from Ground and Space-Based Telescopes"

     2 / 10 / 2023

    Seminar at the Aerospace, Physics and Space Sciences Department, Florida Institute of Technology.


    "Astronomical Investigations of Titan’s Atmosphere"

     2 / 2 / 2021

    Seminar at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), New York.

    "Chemistry of Titan’s Atmosphere"

     2 / 2 / 2021

    “Chemistry In Space” Class Lecture, Hamilton College.

    ” Class L

    "Titan – The Moon With An Atmosphere"


     1 / 23 / 2020

    Seminar at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS).

    "Titan: a tale of two oceans"

     6 / 28 / 2019

    Panelist talk at AbSciCon, Seattle.

    "Titan’s Atmosphere …how to bake a five-layered cake."

     8 / 15 / 2018

    Invited Talk, Cassini Science Symposium, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO.

    "Astrobiology of Titan: Is Saturn’s Enigmatic Moon Brewing the Seeds of Life?"

     6 / 15 / 2018

    Public Lecture at the Philosophical Society of Washington, Cosmos Club, Washington DC.
     

    "Titan’s Surface and Atmosphere from the James Webb Space Telescope."

     11 / 13 / 2017

    Seminar, Space Telescope Science Insitute, Baltimore, MD.

    "Astrobiology of Titan"

     1 / 25 / 2017

    Seminar at Carnegie Institute of Washington, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Washington DC.

    "Chemical trails: tracing Titan's atmospheric dynamics through molecular markers."

     11 / 20 / 2014

    Seminar at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.

    "Titan’s Chemical Complexity."

     4 / 22 / 2014

    Seminar, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.

    "Titan’s Chemical Complexity Revealed in the Thermal Infrared."

     2 / 10 / 2014

    Yung Group Seminar, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.

    "Titan’s Chemical Complexity."

     11 / 22 / 2013

    Seminar at Carnegie Institute of Washington, Department of Terrestrail Magnetism, Wasington DC.

    "Remote Sensing of Titan From Cassini."

     4 / 25 / 2012

    Physics Department Seminar, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD.

    "Titan’s Stratospheric Chemistry and Circulation From Cassini CIRS."

     12 / 2 / 2009

    Seminar at the Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel MD.

    "Titan’s Chemical Cornucopia from Cassini"

     11 / 6 / 2008

    Planetary Group Seminar, Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.

    Selected Public Outreach

    ESA Huygens Probe: Descent to Titan 1 / 2005 - 1 / 2005
    Public Outreach Lecture, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Visitor Center, Greenbelt MD, 01/14/05.
    Astrobiology of Titan and early results from Cassini-Huygens. 7 / 2005 - 7 / 2005
    NASA Spacegrant Consortium Astrobiology Workshop for Educators, State College, PA, 07/28/05. 
    Unriddling the Sphinx: The Huygens Mission to Titan 7 / 2006 - 7 / 2006

    Griffith Observer Magazine, Vol. 70 No. 7, pp 4-19, July 2006.

    Titan: New Views From Cassini. 2 / 2007 - 2 / 2007
    University of Maryland Observatory Open House, College Park, MD, 02/20/07.
    The Quest for Other Earths 5 / 2008 - 5 / 2008

    Griffith Observer Magazine, Vol. 72 No. 5, pp 3-15, May 2008.

    Launchfest 9 / 2008 - 9 / 2008
    Organizing Commitee for NASA GSFC Public Day, 09/13/2008.
    Titan Through Time: Public Night 4 / 2010 - 4 / 2010
    Organizer of Public Night at NASA GSFC Visitor Center, 04/06/2010.
    Titan: The Enduring Enigma 9 / 2010 - 9 / 2010
    Issue #144 of Geochemical News, the on-line news magazine of the Geochemical Society.
    Chemical Complexity on Titan: A Prebiotic Environment? 10 / 2010 - 10 / 2010
    University of Maryland AstroTerps Club, College Park, MD, 10/25/10.
    Titan Through Time 2: Public Night 4 / 2012 - 4 / 2012
    Organized Public Night at NASA GSFC Visitor Center, 04/03/2012.
    A Planetary Photojournal: Perspectives on Our Planetary Neighbors 5 / 2012 - 5 / 2012
    After-dinner speaker/slide-show, at the National Capitol Section (NCS) of the Optical Society of America (OSA), 05/15/2012.
    Elementary School Student Talk 2 / 2014 - 2 / 2014

    Space Talk Skype with 90 students at Bessemer Grange Primary School, London UK, May 2nd 2014.

    Titan Through Time 3: Public Night 4 / 2014 - 4 / 2014

    Organizer of Public Night at NASA GSFC Visitor Center, 04/08/14.

    NASA GSFC Science Jamboree 7 / 2016 - 7 / 2016

    "The Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer". July 27th 2016, NASA GSFC.

    Titan Tours (Science on Sphere Movie) 10 / 2016 - 10 / 2016

    Wrote and Directed Science-on-a-Sphere (SOS) movie. Premiere at NASA Goddard Visitor Center, October 8th 2016 (at International Observe the Moon Night).

    "Titan: Cold Case Files" 10 / 2016 - 10 / 2016

    Cassini CHARM Telecon, Oct 25th, 2016. On-line presentation and discussion with school teachers and educators.

    NASA Earth Day at Union Station 4 / 2017 - Present

    Organizer of Outreach Table on "The Earth and Titan: Greenhouse Cousins" (annual, April 2017, 2018, 2019).

    AwesomeCon/FutureCon 6 / 2017 - 6 / 2017

    Lead Panelist: "Cassini Grand Finale". Panelist: "Alien Climates on Planets Near and Far". Washington Convention Center, June 16-18th 2017.

    Cassini Grand Finale: Washington Post 10 / 2017 - 10 / 2017

    90-min Live Chat wih readers on Washington Post Website, October 14th 2017.

    Escape Velocity. 5 / 2018 - 5 / 2018

    Lead Panelist: "Cassini: Journey to Saturn and Titan". Gaylord Convention Center, May 25th 2018.

    "Highlights of the Cassini-Huygens Mission 2004-2017" 1 / 2020 - 1 / 2020

    Public outreach talk at Dunsink Observatory, Ireland, 1/23/2020.

    "Is there life in Saturn’s moons?" 4 / 2021 - 4 / 2021

    Talk to North County High School, Anne Arundel County Public Schools, MD, April 27th 2021.


    "Warp Speed Ahead! Spacecraft in Fact and Fiction" 8 / 2021 - 8 / 2021

    Panel chair and lead organizer, AwesomeCon 2021.

    "ENGAGE! Spacecraft in Fact and Fiction" 6 / 2022 - 6 / 2022

    Panel chair and organizer at AwesomeCon DC, June 4th 2022.

    Brief Bio

    I am an astronomer and planetary scientist working in the Planetary Systems Laboratory at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, where I am currently the Associate Laboratory Chief. I previously served as Deputy Principal Investigator on the Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS). My research is focused primarily on planetary atmospheres, especially the outer planets and Titan. I am keenly interested in astrochemistry and the potential for life in the solar system and elsewhere. I also work on technologies for remote sensing, spectroscopy and other mission and instrumentation development. I grew up and studied in the UK prior to coming to the US, earning a BA in Natural Science from the University of Cambridge, an MSc in Radio Astronomy from the University of Manchester, and a DPhil from the University of Oxford in Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere of Titan.

    Publications

    Refereed

    Li, L., L. Guan, S. Li, et al. C. Luu, K. Heng, P. M. Fry, E. C. Creecy, X. Wang, R. J. Albright, T. D. Karandana G., X. Jiang, R. A. West, C. A. Nixon, M. E. Kenyon, A. Hendrix, and U. Dyudina. 2023. "The Bolometric Bond Albedo of Enceladus." Icarus 394 115429 [10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115429]

    Sung, K., E. H. Wishnow, B. J. Drouin, et al. L. Manceron, M. Verseils, D. C. Benner, and C. A. Nixon. 2023. "The rotational spectrum of HD broadened by H2 at temperatures between 100 – 296 K." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 295 108412 [10.1016/j.jqsrt.2022.108412]

    Cordiner, M. A., G. L. Villanueva, H. Wiesemeyer, et al. S. N. Milam, I. de Pater, A. Moullet, R. Aladro, C. A. Nixon, A. E. Thelen, S. B. Charnley, J. Stutzki, V. Kofman, S. Faggi, G. Liuzzi, R. Cosentino, and B. A. McGuire. 2022. "Phosphine in the Venusian Atmosphere: A Strict Upper Limit From SOFIA GREAT Observations." Geophysical Research Letters 49 (22): [10.1029/2022gl101055]

    Phan, T., D. Tran, J. Esper, C. Nixon, and G. Nehmetallah. 2022. "Circular multireflection cell for midinfrared laser spectroscopic trace gas analysis." Optical Engineering 61 (08): [10.1117/1.oe.61.8.085104]

    Thelen, A. E., C. A. Nixon, R. G. Cosentino, et al. M. A. Cordiner, N. A. Teanby, C. E. Newman, P. G. Irwin, and S. B. Charnley. 2022. "Variability in Titan’s Mesospheric HCN and Temperature Structure as Observed by ALMA." The Planetary Science Journal 3 (6): 146 [10.3847/psj/ac7050]

    Phan, T., D. Tran, J. Esper, C. Nixon, and G. Nehmetallah. 2022. "Carbon dioxide mid-infrared laser spectroscopy with a circular multi-reflection (CMR) cell." Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XXIII [10.1117/12.2618839]

    Kutsop, N. W., A. G. Hayes, P. M. Corlies, et al. S. Le Mouélic, J. I. Lunine, C. A. Nixon, P. Rannou, S. Rodriguez, M. T. Roman, C. Sotin, and T. Tokano. 2022. "Titan Stratospheric Haze Bands Observed in Cassini VIMS as Tracers of Meridional Circulation." The Planetary Science Journal 3 (5): 114 [10.3847/psj/ac582d]

    Teanby, N. A., P. G. Irwin, M. Sylvestre, C. A. Nixon, and M. A. Cordiner. 2022. "Uranus’s and Neptune’s Stratospheric Water Abundance and Vertical Profile from Herschel-HIFI*." The Planetary Science Journal 3 (4): 96 [10.3847/psj/ac650f]

    Nixon, C. A., S. Aslam, J. C. Brasunas, and D. E. Jennings. 2022. "50 Years of Spaceflight with Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTS) designed at NASA GSFC." 2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO) [10.1109/aero53065.2022.9843804]

    Steffens, B. L., C. A. Nixon, K. Sung, et al. P. G. Irwin, N. A. Lombardo, and E. Pereira. 2022. "New Constraints on Titan’s Stratospheric n-Butane Abundance." The Planetary Science Journal 3 (3): 59 [10.3847/psj/ac53ad]

    Rodriguez, S., S. Vinatier, D. Cordier, et al. G. Tobie, R. K. Achterberg, C. M. Anderson, S. V. Badman, J. W. Barnes, E. L. Barth, B. Bézard, N. Carrasco, B. Charnay, R. N. Clark, P. Coll, T. Cornet, A. Coustenis, I. Couturier-Tamburelli, M. Dobrijevic, F. M. Flasar, R. de Kok, C. Freissinet, M. Galand, T. Gautier, W. D. Geppert, C. A. Griffith, M. S. Gudipati, L. Z. Hadid, A. G. Hayes, A. R. Hendrix, R. Jaumann, D. E. Jennings, A. Jolly, K. Kalousova, T. T. Koskinen, P. Lavvas, S. Lebonnois, J.-P. Lebreton, A. Le Gall, E. Lellouch, S. Le Mouélic, R. M. Lopes, J. M. Lora, R. D. Lorenz, A. Lucas, S. MacKenzie, M. J. Malaska, K. Mandt, M. Mastrogiuseppe, C. E. Newman, C. A. Nixon, J. Radebaugh, S. C. Rafkin, P. Rannou, E. M. Sciamma-O’Brien, J. M. Soderblom, A. Solomonidou, C. Sotin, K. Stephan, D. Strobel, C. Szopa, N. A. Teanby, E. P. Turtle, V. Vuitton, and R. A. West. 2022. "Science goals and new mission concepts for future exploration of Titan’s atmosphere, geology and habitability: titan POlar scout/orbitEr and in situ lake lander and DrONe explorer (POSEIDON)." Experimental Astronomy [10.1007/s10686-021-09815-8]

    Yang, C. S., D. M. Bower, F. Jin, et al. T. Hewagama, S. Aslam, C. A. Nixon, J. Kolasinski, and A. C. Samuels. 2022. "Raman and UVN+LWIR LIBS detection system for in-situ surface chemical identification." MethodsX 9 101647 [10.1016/j.mex.2022.101647]

    Creecy, E. C., L. Li, X. Jiang, et al. R. A. West, P. M. Fry, C. A. Nixon, M. E. Kenyon, and B. Seignovert. 2021. "Titan's Global Radiant Energy Budget During the Cassini Epoch (2004–2017)." Geophysical Research Letters 48 (23): [10.1029/2021gl095356]

    Bower, D. M., C. Yang, T. Hewagama, et al. C. A. Nixon, S. Aslam, P. L. Whelley, J. L. Eigenbrode, F. Jin, J. Rullifson, J. Kolasinski, and A. Samuels. 2021. "Spectroscopic Characterization of Samples from Different Environments in a Volcano-Glacial Region in Iceland: Implications for in situ Planetary Exploration." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 263 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1016/j.saa.2021.120205]

    Villanueva, G. L., M. Cordiner, P. G. Irwin, et al. I. de Pater, B. Butler, M. Gurwell, S. N. Milam, C. A. Nixon, S. H. Luszcz-Cook, C. F. Wilson, V. Kofman, G. Liuzzi, S. Faggi, T. J. Fauchez, M. Lippi, R. Cosentino, A. E. Thelen, A. Moullet, P. Hartogh, E. M. Molter, S. Charnley, G. N. Arney, A. M. Mandell, N. Biver, A. C. Vandaele, K. R. de Kleer, and R. Kopparapu. 2021. "No evidence of phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus from independent analyses." Nature Astronomy 5 (7): 631-635 [10.1038/s41550-021-01422-z]

    MacKenzie, S. M., S. P. Birch, S. Hörst, et al. C. Sotin, E. Barth, J. M. Lora, M. G. Trainer, P. Corlies, M. J. Malaska, E. Sciamma-O’Brien, A. E. Thelen, E. Turtle, J. Radebaugh, J. Hanley, A. Solomonidou, C. Newman, L. Regoli, S. Rodriguez, B. Seignovert, A. G. Hayes, B. Journaux, J. Steckloff, D. Nna-Mvondo, T. Cornet, M. Y. Palmer, R. M. Lopes, S. Vinatier, R. Lorenz, C. Nixon, E. Czaplinski, J. W. Barnes, E. Sittler, and A. Coates. 2021. "Titan: Earth-like on the Outside, Ocean World on the Inside." The Planetary Science Journal 2 (3): 112 [10.3847/psj/abf7c9]

    Parks, M. C., C. A. Nixon, G. L. Villanueva, et al. M. D. Smith, A. S. Khayat, A. E. Thelen, E. Villard, S. B. Charnley, and P. G. Irwin. 2021. "Observations of Mars with ALMA: potential for future constraints of global circulation models." Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems 7 (02): [10.1117/1.jatis.7.2.025001]

    Phan, T., D. Tran, J. Esper, C. Nixon, and G. Nehmetallah. 2021. "High resolution gas mid-infrared spectroscopy using circular multi-reflection (CMR) cell." Infrared Technology and Applications XLVII [10.1117/12.2585835]

    Hudson, R., B. Theiling, D. Bower, et al. H. Graham, M. Trainer, C. Nixon, and S. Milam. 2021. "Laboratory Studies in Support of the Exploration of Ocean Worlds and NASA Missions." Vol. 53, Issue 4 (Planetary/Astrobiology Decadal Survey Whitepapers) 53 (4): [10.3847/25c2cfeb.935e24ec]

    Abrahamsson, V., B. L. Henderson, J. Herman, et al. F. Zhong, Y. Lin, I. Kanik, and C. A. Nixon. 2021. "Extraction and Separation of Chiral Amino Acids for Life Detection on Ocean Worlds Without Using Organic Solvents or Derivatization." Astrobiology 21 (9): ast.2020.2298 [10.1089/ast.2020.2298]

    Sharkey, J., N. A. Teanby, M. Sylvestre, et al. D. M. Mitchell, W. J. Seviour, C. A. Nixon, and P. G. Irwin. 2021. "Potential vorticity structure of Titan’s polar vortices from Cassini CIRS observations." Icarus 354 114030 [10.1016/j.icarus.2020.114030]

    Cordiner, M. A., E. Garcia-Berrios, R. G. Cosentino, et al. N. A. Teanby, C. E. Newman, C. A. Nixon, A. E. Thelen, and S. B. Charnley. 2020. "Detection of Dynamical Instability in Titan’s Thermospheric Jet." The Astrophysical Journal 904 (1): L12 [10.3847/2041-8213/abc688]

    Thelen, A. E., M. A. Cordiner, C. A. Nixon, et al. V. Vuitton, Z. Kisiel, S. B. Charnley, M. Y. Palmer, N. A. Teanby, and P. G. Irwin. 2020. "Detection of CH3C3N in Titan’s Atmosphere." The Astrophysical Journal 903 (1): L22 [10.3847/2041-8213/abc1e1]

    Nixon, C. A., A. E. Thelen, M. A. Cordiner, et al. Z. Kisiel, S. B. Charnley, E. M. Molter, J. Serigano, P. G. Irwin, N. A. Teanby, and Y.-J. Kuan. 2020. "Detection of Cyclopropenylidene on Titan with ALMA." The Astronomical Journal 160 205 [10.3847/1538-3881/abb679]

    Irwin, P., S. Calcutt, J. Dobinson, et al. J. Alday, A. James, M. Roos-Serote, S. Aslam, C. Nixon, and G. Villanueva. 2020. "Modelling the expected observations of the Advanced Ice Giants Net Flux Radiometer (IG-NFR) instrument concept, under study for future entry probe missions to Uranus or Neptune." EPSC Abstracts EPSC2020-306 [10.5194/epsc2020-306]

    Kisiel, Z., C. A. Nixon, M. A. Cordiner, A. E. Thelen, and S. B. Charnley. 2020. "Propionitrile in the two lowest excited vibrational states in the laboratory and on Titan." Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 372 111324 [10.1016/j.jms.2020.111324]

    Sharkey, J., N. A. Teanby, M. Sylvestre, et al. D. M. Mitchell, W. J. Seviour, C. A. Nixon, and P. G. Irwin. 2020. "Mapping the zonal structure of Titan's northern polar vortex." Icarus 337 113441 [10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113441]

    Aslam, S., R. K. Achterberg, S. B. Calcutt, et al. V. Cottini, N. J. Gorius, T. Hewagama, P. G. Irwin, C. A. Nixon, G. Quilligan, M. Roos-Serote, A. A. Simon, D. Tran, and G. Villanueva. 2020. "Advanced Net Flux Radiometer for the Ice Giants." Space Science Reviews 216 (1): 11 [10.1007/s11214-019-0630-x]

    Creecy, E. C., L. Li, X. Jiang, et al. C. Nixon, R. West, and M. Kenyon. 2019. "Seasonal Variations of Titan's Brightness." Geophysical Research Letters 2019GL084833 [10.1029/2019gl084833]

    Hewett, D., P. F. Bernath, A. Wong, et al. B. E. Billinghurst, J. Zhao, N. A. Lombardo, C. A. Nixon, and D. E. Jennings. 2019. "N2 and H2 broadened isobutane infrared absorption cross sections and butane upper limits on Titan." Icarus 113460 [10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113460]

    Nixon, C. A., T. M. Ansty, N. A. Lombardo, et al. G. L. Bjoraker, R. K. Achterberg, A. M. Annex, M. Rice, P. N. Romani, D. E. Jennings, R. E. Samuelson, C. M. Anderson, A. Coustenis, B. Bézard, S. Vinatier, E. Lellouch, R. Courtin, N. A. Teanby, V. Cottini, and F. M. Flasar. 2019. "Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) Observations of Titan 2004–2017." The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 244 (1): 14 [10.3847/1538-4365/ab3799]

    Lombardo, N. A., C. A. Nixon, T. K. Greathouse, et al. B. Bézard, A. Jolly, S. Vinatier, N. A. Teanby, M. J. Richter, P. J. G Irwin, A. Coustenis, and F. M. Flasar. 2019. "Detection of Propadiene on Titan." The Astrophysical Journal 881 (2): L33 [10.3847/2041-8213/ab3860]

    Coustenis, A., D. Jennings, R. Achterberg, et al. P. Lavvas, G. Bampasidis, C. Nixon, and F. Flasar. 2019. "Titan's neutral atmosphere seasonal variations up to the end of the Cassini mission." Icarus (In Press) 113413 [10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113413]

    Cordiner, M. A., N. A. Teanby, C. A. Nixon, et al. V. Vuitton, A. E. Thelen, and S. B. Charnley. 2019. "ALMA Spectral Imaging of Titan Contemporaneous with Cassini's Grand Finale." The Astronomical Journal 158 (2): 76 [10.3847/1538-3881/ab2d20]

    Jennings, D. E., T. Tokano, V. Cottini, et al. C. A. Nixon, R. K. Achterberg, F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, P. N. Romani, R. E. Samuelson, M. E. Segura, N. J. Gorius, E. Guandique, M. S. Kaelberer, and A. Coustenis. 2019. "Titan Surface Temperatures during the Cassini Mission." The Astrophysical Journal 877 (1): L8 [10.3847/2041-8213/ab1f91]

    Thelen, A. E., C. A. Nixon, M. A. Cordiner, et al. S. B. Charnley, P. G. Irwin, and Z. Kisiel. 2019. "Measurement of CH3D on Titan at Submillimeter Wavelengths." The Astronomical Journal 157 (6): 219 [10.3847/1538-3881/ab19bb]

    Lombardo, N. A., C. A. Nixon, M. Sylvestre, et al. D. E. Jennings, N. Teanby, P. J. Irwin, and F. M. Flasar. 2019. "Ethane in Titan’s Stratosphere from Cassini CIRS Far- and Mid-infrared Spectra." The Astronomical Journal 157 (4): 160 [10.3847/1538-3881/ab0e07]

    Teanby, N. A., M. Sylvestre, J. Sharkey, et al. C. A. Nixon, S. Vinatier, and P. G. Irwin. 2019. "Seasonal Evolution of Titan's Stratosphere During the Cassini Mission." Geophysical Research Letters 46 (6): 3079-3089 [10.1029/2018gl081401]

    Nixon, C. A., S. Aslam, S. Guzewich, et al. J. Esper, S. N. Thompson, T. Hewagama, D. Tran, and G. Nehmetallah. 2019. "TEAM - Titan Exploration Atmospheric Microprobes." 2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference [10.1109/aero.2019.8742127]

    Thelen, A. E., C. Nixon, N. Chanover, et al. M. Cordiner, E. Molter, N. Teanby, P. Irwin, J. Serigano, and S. Charnley. 2019. "Abundance measurements of Titan’s stratospheric HCN, HC3N, C3H4, and CH3CN from ALMA observations." Icarus 319 417-432 [10.1016/j.icarus.2018.09.023]

    Lombardo, N. A., C. A. Nixon, R. K. Achterberg, et al. A. Jolly, K. Sung, P. G. Irwin, and F. M. Flasar. 2019. "Spatial and seasonal variations in C3Hx hydrocarbon abundance in Titan’s stratosphere from Cassini CIRS observations." Icarus 317 454-469 [10.1016/j.icarus.2018.08.027]

    Hewagama, T., J. M. Bauer, K. Hughes, et al. D. Jennings, K. Brown, P. E. Clark, M. Daly, L. Feaga, D. Folta, N. Gorius, T. Hurford, M. Mumma, T. Livengood, C. Nixon, J. Sunshine, G. Villanueva, A. Zucherman, B. Malphrus, and S. Aslam. 2018. "Overview of Primitive Object Volatile Explorer (PrOVE) CubeSat or Smallsat concept." CubeSats and NanoSats for Remote Sensing II [10.1117/12.2321264]

    Li, L., X. Jiang, R. A. West, et al. P. J. Gierasch, S. Perez-Hoyos, A. Sanchez-Lavega, L. N. Fletcher, J. J. Fortney, B. Knowles, C. C. Porco, K. H. Baines, P. M. Fry, A. Mallama, R. K. Achterberg, A. A. Simon, C. A. Nixon, G. S. Orton, U. A. Dyudina, S. P. Ewald, and R. W. Schmude. 2018. "Less absorbed solar energy and more internal heat for Jupiter." Nature Communications 9 (1): 3709 [10.1038/s41467-018-06107-2]

    Bauduin, S., P. Irwin, E. Lellouch, et al. V. Cottini, R. Moreno, C. Nixon, N. Teanby, T. Ansty, and F. Flasar. 2018. "Retrieval of H 2 O abundance in Titan’s stratosphere: A (re)analysis of CIRS/Cassini and PACS/Herschel observations." Icarus 311 288-305 [10.1016/j.icarus.2018.04.003]

    Holler, B. J., S. N. Milam, J. M. Bauer, et al. C. Alcock, M. T. Bannister, G. L. Bjoraker, C. A. Nixon, A. A. Simon, and L. C. Quick. 2018. "Solar system science with the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope." Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems 4 (03): 1 [10.1117/1.jatis.4.3.034003]

    Thelen, A. E., C. Nixon, N. Chanover, et al. E. Molter, M. Cordiner, R. Achterberg, J. Serigano, P. Irwin, N. Teanby, and S. Charnley. 2018. "Spatial variations in Titan’s atmospheric temperature: ALMA and Cassini comparisons from 2012 to 2015." Icarus 307 380-390 [10.1016/j.icarus.2017.10.042]

    Nixon, C., R. Lorenz, R. Achterberg, et al. A. Buch, P. Coll, R. Clark, R. Courtin, A. Hayes, L. Iess, R. Johnson, R. Lopes, M. Mastrogiuseppe, K. Mandt, D. Mitchell, F. Raulin, A. Rymer, H. Todd Smith, A. Solomonidou, C. Sotin, D. Strobel, E. Turtle, V. Vuitton, R. West, and R. Yelle. 2018. "Titan's cold case files - Outstanding questions after Cassini-Huygens." Planetary and Space Science 155 50-72 [10.1016/j.pss.2018.02.009]

    Mousis, O., D. Atkinson, T. Cavalié, et al. L. Fletcher, M. Amato, S. Aslam, F. Ferri, J.-B. Renard, T. Spilker, E. Venkatapathy, P. Wurz, K. Aplin, A. Coustenis, M. Deleuil, M. Dobrijevic, T. Fouchet, T. Guillot, P. Hartogh, T. Hewagama, M. Hofstadter, V. Hue, R. Hueso, J.-P. Lebreton, E. Lellouch, J. Moses, G. Orton, J. Pearl, A. Sánchez-Lavega, A. Simon, O. Venot, J. Waite, R. Achterberg, S. Atreya, F. Billebaud, M. Blanc, F. Borget, B. Brugger, S. Charnoz, T. Chiavassa, V. Cottini, L. d’Hendecourt, G. Danger, T. Encrenaz, N. Gorius, L. Jorda, B. Marty, R. Moreno, A. Morse, C. Nixon, K. Reh, T. Ronnet, F.-X. Schmider, S. Sheridan, C. Sotin, P. Vernazza, and G. Villanueva. 2018. "Scientific rationale for Uranus and Neptune in situ explorations." Planetary and Space Science 155 12-40 [10.1016/j.pss.2017.10.005]

    Teanby, N. A., M. A. Cordiner, C. A. Nixon, et al. P. G. Irwin, S. M. Hörst, M. Sylvestre, J. Serigano, A. E. Thelen, A. M. Richards, and S. B. Charnley. 2018. "The Origin of Titan’s External Oxygen: Further Constraints from ALMA Upper Limits on CS and CH2NH." The Astronomical Journal 155 (6): 251 [10.3847/1538-3881/aac172]

    Cordiner, M. A., C. A. Nixon, S. B. Charnley, et al. N. A. Teanby, E. M. Molter, Z. Kisiel, and V. Vuitton. 2018. "Interferometric Imaging of Titan’s HC3N, H13CCCN, and HCCC15N." The Astrophysical Journal 859 (1): L15 [10.3847/2041-8213/aac38d]

    Coustenis, A., D. E. Jennings, R. K. Achterberg, et al. G. Bampasidis, C. A. Nixon, P. Lavvas, V. Cottini, and F. M. Flasar. 2018. "Seasonal Evolution of Titan's Stratosphere Near the Poles." The Astrophysical Journal 854 (2): L30 [10.3847/2041-8213/aaadbd]

    Teanby, N. A., B. Bézard, S. Vinatier, et al. M. Sylvestre, C. A. Nixon, P. G. Irwin, R. J. de Kok, S. B. Calcutt, and F. M. Flasar. 2017. "The formation and evolution of Titan’s winter polar vortex." Nature Communications 8 (1): 1586 [10.1038/s41467-017-01839-z]

    Lai, J.-Y., M. Cordiner, C. Nixon, et al. R. Achterberg, E. Molter, N. Teanby, M. Palmer, S. Charnley, J. Lindberg, Z. Kisiel, M. Mumma, and P. Irwin. 2017. "Mapping Vinyl Cyanide and Other Nitriles in Titan's Atmosphere Using ALMA." The Astronomical Journal 154 206 [10.3847/1538-3881/aa8eef]

    Pierel, J. D., C. A. Nixon, E. Lellouch, et al. L. N. Fletcher, G. L. Bjoraker, R. K. Achterberg, B. Bézard, B. E. Hesman, P. G. Irwin, and F. M. Flasar. 2017. "D/H Ratios on Saturn and Jupiter from Cassini CIRS." The Astronomical Journal 154 (5): 178 [10.3847/1538-3881/aa899d]

    Jennings, D. E., F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, et al. C. A. Nixon, M. E. Segura, P. N. Romani, N. Gorius, S. Albright, J. C. Brasunas, R. C. Carlson, A. A. Mamoutkine, E. Guandique, M. S. Kaelberer, S. Aslam, R. K. Achterberg, G. L. Bjoraker, C. M. Anderson, V. Cottini, J. C. Pearl, M. D. Smith, B. E. Hesman, R. D. Barney, S. Calcutt, T. J. Vellacott, L. J. Spilker, S. G. Edgington, S. M. Brooks, P. Ade, P. J. Schinder, A. Coustenis, R. Courtin, G. Michel, R. Fettig, S. Pilorz, and C. Ferrari. 2017. "Composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) on Cassini: publisher’s note." Applied Optics 56 (21): 5897 [10.1364/ao.56.005897]

    Palmer, M., M. Cordiner, C. Nixon, et al. S. Charnley, N. Teanby, Z. Kisiel, P. Irwin, and M. Mumma. 2017. "ALMA detection and astrobiological potential of vinyl cyanide on Titan." Science Advances 3 e1700022 [10.1126/sciadv.1700022]

    Jennings, D. E., F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, et al. C. A. Nixon, M. E. Segura, P. N. Romani, N. Gorius, S. Albright, J. C. Brasunas, R. C. Carlson, A. A. Mamoutkine, E. Guandique, M. S. Kaelberer, S. Aslam, R. K. Achterberg, G. L. Bjoraker, C. M. Anderson, V. Cottini, J. C. Pearl, M. D. Smith, B. E. Hesman, R. D. Barney, S. Calcutt, T. J. Vellacott, L. J. Spilker, S. G. Edgington, S. M. Brooks, P. Ade, P. J. Schinder, A. Coustenis, R. Courtin, G. Michel, R. Fettig, S. Pilorz, and C. Ferrari. 2017. "Composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) on Cassini." Applied Optics 56 (18): 5274 [10.1364/ao.56.005274]

    Aslam, S., M. Amato, N. Bowles, et al. S. Calcutt, T. Hewagama, J. Howard, C. Howett, W.-T. Hsieh, T. Hurford, J. Hurley, P. Irwin, D. E. Jennings, E. Kessler, B. Lakew, M. Loeffler, M. Mellon, A. Nicoletti, C. A. Nixon, N. Putzig, G. Quilligan, J. Rathbun, M. Segura, J. Spencer, J. Spitale, and G. West. 2016. "Dual-telescope multi-channel thermal-infrared radiometer for outer planet fly-by missions." Acta Astronautica 128 628-639 [10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.08.009]

    Mousis, O., S. Aslam, C. A. Nixon, et al. D. Atkinson, T. Spilker, E. Venkatapathy, and J. Poncy. 2016. "The Hera Saturn Entry Probe Mission." Planetary and Space Science 130 80-103 [10.1016/j.pss.2015.06.020]

    Molter, E. M., C. A. Nixon, M. A. Cordiner, et al. J. Serigano, P. G. Irwin, N. A. Teanby, S. B. Charnley, and J. E. Lindberg. 2016. "ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF HCN AND ITS ISOTOPOLOGUES ON TITAN." The Astronomical Journal 152 (2): 42 [10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/42]

    Coustenis, A., D. E. Jennings, R. K. Achterberg, et al. G. Bampasidis, P. Lavvas, C. A. Nixon, N. A. Teanby, C. M. Anderson, V. Cottini, and F. M. Flasar. 2016. "Titan’s temporal evolution in stratospheric trace gases near the poles." Icarus 270 409-420 [10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.027]

    Serigano, J., C. A. Nixon, M. A. Cordiner, et al. P. G. Irwin, N. A. Teanby, S. B. Charnley, and J. E. Lindberg. 2016. "Isotopic ratios of carbon and oxygen in Titan's CO using ALMA." The Astrophysical Journal 821 (1): L8 [10.3847/2041-8205/821/1/l8]

    Nixon, C. A., F. Kirchman, J. Esper, D. Folta, and A. Mashiku. 2016. "Aerocapture design study for a Titan polar orbiter." 2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference [10.1109/aero.2016.7500825]

    Mustafi, S., C. DeLee, J. Francis, et al. X. Li, D. McGuinness, C. Nixon, L. Purves, W. Willis, S. Riall, M. Devine, and A. Hedayat. 2016. "Cryogenic propulsion for the Titan Orbiter Polar Surveyor (TOPS) mission." Cryogenics 74 81-87 [10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.11.009]

    Nixon, C. A., R. K. Achterberg, M. Ádámkovics, et al. B. Bézard, G. L. Bjoraker, T. Cornet, A. G. Hayes, E. Lellouch, M. T. Lemmon, M. López-Puertas, S. Rodriguez, C. Sotin, N. A. Teanby, E. P. Turtle, and R. A. West. 2016. "Titan Science with theJames Webb Space Telescope." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 128 (959): 018007 [10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018007]

    Jennings, D. E., V. Cottini, C. A. Nixon, et al. R. K. Achterberg, F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, P. N. Romani, R. E. Samuelson, A. Mamoutkine, N. J. Gorius, A. Coustenis, and T. Tokano. 2016. "SURFACE TEMPERATURES ON TITAN DURING NORTHERN WINTER AND SPRING." The Astrophysical Journal 816 (1): L17 [10.3847/2041-8205/816/1/l17]

    Zhang, X., R. A. West, P. G. Irwin, C. A. Nixon, and Y. L. Yung. 2015. "Aerosol influence on energy balance of the middle atmosphere of Jupiter." Nature Communications 6 (1): 10231 [10.1038/ncomms10231]

    Aslam, S., M. J. Amato, D. Atkinson, et al. A. Colaprete, T. Hewaganma, D. E. Jennings, J. Lunine, C. A. Nixon, A. A. Simon, O. Mousis, and E. J. Wollack. 2015. "Net Flux Radiometer for a Saturn Probe." European Planetary Science Congress (Submitted) 10 388-389

    Jennings, D. E., R. K. Achterberg, V. Cottini, et al. C. M. Anderson, F. M. Flasar, C. A. Nixon, G. L. Bjoraker, V. G. Kunde, R. C. Carlson, E. Guandique, M. S. Kaelberer, J. S. Tingley, S. A. Albright, M. E. Segura, R. D. Kok, A. Coustenis, S. Vinatier, G. Bampasidis, N. A. Teanby, and S. Calcutt. 2015. "EVOLUTION OF THE FAR-INFRARED CLOUD AT TITAN’S SOUTH POLE." The Astrophysical Journal 804 (2): L34 [10.1088/2041-8205/804/2/l34]

    Chan, C., S. Albright, N. Gorius, et al. J. Brasunas, D. Jennings, F. M. Flasar, R. Carlson, E. Guandique, and C. Nixon. 2015. "Electrical interferences observed in the Cassini CIRS spectrometer." Experimental Astronomy 39 (2): 367-386 [10.1007/s10686-015-9452-3]

    Li, L., X. Jiang, H. J. Trammell, et al. Y. Pan, J. Hernandez, B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, R. K. Achterberg, C. A. Nixon, F. M. Flasar, S. Perez-Hoyos, R. A. West, K. H. Baines, and B. Knowles. 2015. "Saturn's giant storm and global radiant energy." Geophysical Research Letters 42 (7): 2144-2148 [10.1002/2015gl063763]

    Jolly, A., V. Cottini, A. Fayt, et al. L. Manceron, F. Kwabia-Tchana, Y. Benilan, J.-C. Guillemin, C. Nixon, and P. Irwin. 2015. "Gas phase dicyanoacetylene (C4N2) on Titan: New experimental and theoretical spectroscopy results applied to Cassini CIRS data." Icarus 248 340-346 [10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.049]

    Cordiner, M. A., M. Y. Palmer, C. A. Nixon, P. G. Irwin, and N. A. Teanby. 2015. "Ethyl Cyanide On Titan: Spectroscopic Detection and Mapping Using ALMA." ApJ 800 L14

    Tobie, G., N. Teanby, A. Coustenis, et al. R. Jaumann, F. Raulin, J. Schmidt, N. Carrasco, A. Coates, D. Cordier, R. De Kok, W. Geppert, J.-P. Lebreton, A. Lefevre, T. Livengood, K. Mandt, G. Mitri, F. Nimmo, C. Nixon, L. Norman, R. Pappalardo, F. Postberg, S. Rodriguez, D. Schulze-Makuch, J. Soderblom, A. Solomonidou, K. Stephan, E. Stofan, E. Turtle, R. Wagner, R. West, and J. Westlake. 2014. "Science goals and mission concept for the future exploration of Titan and Enceladus." Planetary and Space Science 104 59-77 [10.1016/j.pss.2014.10.002]

    Lellouch, E., B. Bézard, F. Flasar, et al. S. Vinatier, R. Achterberg, C. Nixon, G. Bjoraker, and N. Gorius. 2014. "The distribution of methane in Titan’s stratosphere from Cassini/CIRS observations." Icarus 231 323-337 [10.1016/j.icarus.2013.12.016]

    Zahnle, K. J., D. G. Korycansky, and C. A. Nixon. 2014. "Transient climate effects of large impacts on Titan." Icarus 229 378-391 [10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.006]

    Cordiner, M. A., C. A. Nixon, N. Teanby, et al. P. G. Irwin, J. Serigano, G. L. Villanueva, and L. Paganini. 2014. "ALMA Measurements of the HNC and HC3N Distributions in Titans Atmosphere." ApJ 795 L30

    Coustenis, A., G. Bampasidis, R. K. Achterberg, et al. P. Lavvas, D. E. Jennings, C. A. Nixon, N. A. Teanby, S. Vinatier, F. M. Flasar, R. C. Carlson, G. Orton, P. N. Romani, E. A. Guandique, and S. Stamogiorgos. 2013. "EVOLUTION OF THE STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OVER ONE TITANIAN YEAR." The Astrophysical Journal 779 (2): 177 [10.1088/0004-637x/779/2/177]

    Zhang, X., C. Nixon, R. Shia, et al. R. West, P. Irwin, R. Yelle, M. Allen, and Y. Yung. 2013. "Radiative forcing of the stratosphere of Jupiter, Part I: Atmospheric cooling rates from Voyager to Cassini." Planetary and Space Science 88 3-25 [10.1016/j.pss.2013.07.005]

    Nixon, C. A., D. E. Jennings, B. Bézard, et al. S. Vinatier, N. A. Teanby, K. Sung, T. M. Ansty, P. G. Irwin, N. Gorius, V. Cottini, A. Coustenis, and F. M. Flasar. 2013. "DETECTION OF PROPENE IN TITAN'S STRATOSPHERE." The Astrophysical Journal 776 (1): L14 [10.1088/2041-8205/776/1/l14]

    Li, L., R. K. Achterberg, B. J. Conrath, et al. P. J. Gierasch, M. A. Smith, A. A. Simon-Miller, C. A. Nixon, G. S. Orton, F. M. Flasar, X. Jiang, K. H. Baines, R. Morales-Juberias, A. P. Ingersoll, A. R. Vasavada, A. Del Genio, R. A. West, and S. P. Ewald. 2013. "Strong Temporal Variation Over One Saturnian Year: From Voyager to Cassini." Scientific Reports 3 (2410): [10.1038/srep02410]

    Nixon, C. A., N. A. Teanby, P. G. Irwin, and S. M. Hörst. 2013. "Upper limits for PH3 and H2S in Titan’s atmosphere from Cassini CIRS." Icarus 224 (1): 253-256 [10.1016/j.icarus.2013.02.024]

    Teanby, N., P. Irwin, C. Nixon, et al. R. Courtin, B. Swinyard, R. Moreno, E. Lellouch, M. Rengel, and P. Hartogh. 2013. "Constraints on Titan's middle atmosphere ammonia abundance from Herschel/SPIRE sub-millimetre spectra." Planetary and Space Science 75 136-147 [10.1016/j.pss.2012.11.008]

    Nixon, C. A., N. A. Teanby, C. M. Anderson, and S. Vinatier. 2013. "Nitrogen in the Stratosphere of Titan from Cassini CIRS Infrared Spectroscopy." The Early Evolution of the Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets 123-143 [10.1007/978-1-4614-5191-4_10]

    Teanby, N. A., P. G. Irwin, C. A. Nixon, et al. R. de Kok, S. Vinatier, A. Coustenis, E. Sefton-Nash, S. B. Calcutt, and F. M. Flasar. 2012. "Active upper-atmosphere chemistry and dynamics from polar circulation reversal on Titan." Nature 491 (7426): 732-735 [10.1038/nature11611]

    Jennings, D. E., C. M. Anderson, R. E. Samuelson, et al. F. M. Flasar, C. A. Nixon, G. L. Bjoraker, P. N. Romani, R. K. Achterberg, V. Cottini, B. E. Hesman, V. G. Kunde, R. C. Carlson, R. de Kok, A. Coustenis, S. Vinatier, G. Bampasidis, N. A. Teanby, and S. B. Calcutt. 2012. "FIRST OBSERVATION IN THE SOUTH OF TITAN'S FAR-INFRARED 220 cm –1 CLOUD." The Astrophysical Journal 761 (1): L15 [10.1088/2041-8205/761/1/l15]

    Bampasidis, G., A. Coustenis, R. K. Achterberg, et al. S. Vinatier, P. Lavvas, C. A. Nixon, D. E. Jennings, N. A. Teanby, F. M. Flasar, R. C. Carlson, X. Moussas, P. Preka-Papadema, P. N. Romani, E. A. Guandique, and S. Stamogiorgos. 2012. "THERMAL AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURE VARIATIONS IN TITAN'S STRATOSPHERE DURING THECASSINIMISSION." The Astrophysical Journal 760 (2): 144 [10.1088/0004-637x/760/2/144]

    Hesman, B. E., G. L. Bjoraker, P. V. Sada, et al. R. K. Achterberg, D. E. Jennings, P. N. Romani, A. W. Lunsford, L. N. Fletcher, R. J. Boyle, A. A. Simon-Miller, P. G. Irwin, and C. A. Nixon. 2012. "Elusive Ethylene Detected in Saturn's Northern Storm Region." Astrophysical Journal 760:24 [10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/24]

    Cottini, V., C. Nixon, D. Jennings, et al. C. Anderson, N. Gorius, G. Bjoraker, A. Coustenis, N. Teanby, R. Achterberg, B. Bézard, R. de Kok, E. Lellouch, P. Irwin, F. Flasar, and G. Bampasidis. 2012. "Water vapor in Titan’s stratosphere from Cassini CIRS far-infrared spectra." Icarus 220 (2): 855-862 [10.1016/j.icarus.2012.06.014]

    Jennings, D. E., C. M. Anderson, R. E. Samuelson, et al. F. M. Flasar, C. A. Nixon, V. G. Kunde, R. K. Achterberg, V. Cottini, R. de Kok, A. Coustenis, S. Vinatier, and S. B. Calcutt. 2012. "SEASONAL DISAPPEARANCE OF FAR-INFRARED HAZE IN TITAN'S STRATOSPHERE." The Astrophysical Journal 754 (1): L3 [10.1088/2041-8205/754/1/l3]

    Mandt, K. E., J. H. Waite, B. Teolis, et al. B. A. Magee, J. Bell, J. H. Westlake, C. A. Nixon, O. Mousis, and J. I. Lunine. 2012. "THE12C/13C RATIO ON TITAN FROM CASSINI INMS MEASUREMENTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF METHANE." The Astrophysical Journal 749 (2): 160 [10.1088/0004-637x/749/2/160]

    Nixon, C. A., B. Temelso, S. Vinatier, et al. N. A. Teanby, B. Bézard, R. K. Achterberg, K. E. Mandt, C. D. Sherrill, P. G. Irwin, D. E. Jennings, P. N. Romani, A. Coustenis, and F. M. Flasar. 2012. "ISOTOPIC RATIOS IN TITAN's METHANE: MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING." The Astrophysical Journal 749 (2): 159 [10.1088/0004-637x/749/2/159]

    Aslam, S., T. Hewagama, D. E. Jennings, and C. A. Nixon. 2012. "A Near Infrared and Thermal Imager for Mapping Tttan's Surface Features." Titan Through Time II Workshop 35

    Nixon, C. A., T. M. Ansty, F. M. Flasar, and R. K. Achterberg. 2012. "Designing infrared observations of Titan's atmosphere with Cassini CIRS." 2012 IEEE Aerospace Conference [10.1109/aero.2012.6187400]

    Nixon, C. A., and R. D. Lorenz. 2012. "Titan through time: Formation, evolution and fate." Planetary and Space Science 60 (1): 1-2 [10.1016/j.pss.2011.12.012]

    Cottini, V., C. Nixon, D. Jennings, et al. R. de Kok, N. Teanby, P. Irwin, and F. Flasar. 2012. "Spatial and temporal variations in Titan's surface temperatures from Cassini CIRS observations." Planetary and Space Science 60 (1): 62-71 [10.1016/j.pss.2011.03.015]

    Li, L., K. H. Baines, M. A. Smith, et al. R. A. West, S. Perez-Hoyos, H. J. Trammel, A. A. Simon-Miller, B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, G. S. Orton, C. A. Nixon, G. Filacchione, P. M. Fry, and T. W. Momary. 2012. "Emitted Power of Jupiter Based on Cassini CIRS and VIMS Observations. ." J Geophys Res - Planets 117 E11002 [ doi:10.1029/2012JE004191]

    Li, L., C. A. Nixon, R. K. Achterberg, et al. M. A. Smith, N. J. Gorius, X. Jiang, B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, A. A. Simon-Miller, F. M. Flasar, K. H. Baines, A. P. Ingersoll, R. A. West, A. R. Vasavada, and S. P. Ewald. 2011. "The Global Energy Balance of Titan ." Geophys Res Letter 38 L23201 [10.1029/2011GL050053]

    Li, L., X. Jiang, A. P. Ingersoll, et al. A. D. Del Genio, C. C. Porco, R. A. West, A. R. Vasavada, S. P. Ewald, B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, A. A. Simon, C. A. Nixon, R. K. Achterberg, G. S. Orton, L. N. Fletcher, and K. H. Baines. 2011. "Equatorial winds on Saturn and the Stratospheric Oscillation." Nature Geoscience 4 750-752 [10.1038/ngeo1292]

    Jennings, D. E., V. Cottini, C. A. Nixon, et al. F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, R. E. Samuelson, P. N. Romani, B. E. Hesman, R. C. Carlson, N. J. Gorius, A. Coustenis, and T. Tokano. 2011. "SEASONAL CHANGES IN TITAN'S SURFACE TEMPERATURES." The Astrophysical Journal 737 (1): L15 [10.1088/2041-8205/737/1/l15]

    Achterberg, R. K., P. J. Gierasch, B. J. Conrath, F. Michael Flasar, and C. A. Nixon. 2011. "Temporal variations of Titan’s middle-atmospheric temperatures from 2004 to 2009 observed by Cassini/CIRS." Icarus 211 (1): 686-698 [10.1016/j.icarus.2010.08.009]

    Vinatier, S., B. Bézard, R. de Kok, et al. C. M. Anderson, R. E. Samuelson, C. A. Nixon, A. Mamoutkine, R. C. Carlson, D. E. Jennings, and E. A. Guandique. 2010. "Analysis of Cassini/CIRS limb spectra of Titan acquired during the nominal mission II: Aerosol extinction profiles in the 600–1420cm−1 spectral range." Icarus 210 (2): 852-866 [10.1016/j.icarus.2010.06.024]

    Teanby, N. A., P. G. Irwin, R. de Kok, and C. A. Nixon. 2010. "SEASONAL CHANGES IN TITAN'S POLAR TRACE GAS ABUNDANCE OBSERVED BYCASSINI." The Astrophysical Journal 724 (1): L84-L89 [10.1088/2041-8205/724/1/l84]

    Nixon, C., R. Achterberg, P. Romani, et al. M. Allen, X. Zhang, N. Teanby, P. Irwin, and F. Flasar. 2010. "Abundances of Jupiter's trace hydrocarbons from Voyager and Cassini." Planetary and Space Science 58 (13): 1667-1680 [10.1016/j.pss.2010.05.008]

    Nixon, C. A., N. A. Teanby, S. B. Calcutt, et al. S. Aslam, D. E. Jennings, V. G. Kunde, F. M. Flasar, P. G. Irwin, F. W. Taylor, D. A. Glenar, and M. D. Smith. 2010. "Infrared limb sounding of Titan with the Cassini Composite InfraRed Spectrometer: effects of the mid-IR detector spatial responses: errata." Applied Optics 49 (29): 5575 [10.1364/ao.49.005575]

    Coustenis, A., D. Jennings, C. Nixon, et al. R. Achterberg, P. Lavvas, S. Vinatier, N. Teanby, G. Bjoraker, R. Carlson, L. Piani, G. Bampasidis, F. Flasar, and P. Romani. 2010. "Titan trace gaseous composition from CIRS at the end of the Cassini–Huygens prime mission." Icarus 207 (1): 461-476 [10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.027]

    Flaud, J.-M., F. Kwabia Tchana, W. Lafferty, and C. Nixon. 2010. "High resolution analysis of the ν26 and 2ν9–ν9 bands of propane: modelling of Titan's infrared spectrum at 13.4 μm." Molecular Physics 108 (6): 699-704 [10.1080/00268970903501709]

    Nixon, C. A., R. K. Achterberg, and F. M. Flasar. 2010. "Infrared limb sounding with Cassini CIRS: Optimal viewing strategy using horizon nodes." 2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference [10.1109/aero.2010.5446856]

    Vinatier, S., B. Bézard, C. A. Nixon, et al. A. Mamoutkine, R. C. Carlson, D. E. Jennings, E. A. Guandique, N. A. Teanby, G. L. Bjoraker, F. Michael Flasar, and V. G. Kunde. 2010. "Analysis of Cassini/CIRS limb spectra of Titan acquired during the nominal mission." Icarus 205 (2): 559-570 [10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.013]

    Teanby, N. A., P. G. Irwin, R. de Kok, and C. A. Nixon. 2010. "Mapping Titan's HCN in the far infra-red: implications for photochemistry." Faraday Discussions 147 51 [10.1039/c001690j]

    Nixon, C. A., R. K. Achterberg, N. A. Teanby, et al. P. G. Irwin, J.-M. Flaud, I. Kleiner, A. Dehayem-Kamadjeu, L. R. Brown, R. L. Sams, B. Bézard, A. Coustenis, T. M. Ansty, A. Mamoutkine, S. Vinatier, G. L. Bjoraker, D. E. Jennings, P. N. Romani, and F. M. Flasar. 2010. "Upper limits for undetected trace species in the stratosphere of Titan." Faraday Discussions 147 65 [10.1039/c003771k]

    Jolly, A., A. Fayt, Y. Benilan, et al. D. Jacquemart, C. A. Nixon, and D. E. Jennings. 2010. "The ν8 Bending Mode of Diacetylene: From Laboratory Spectroscopy to the Detection of 13C Isotopologues in Titan's Atmosphere." The Astrophysical Journal 714 (1): 852-859 [10.1088/0004-637X/714/1/852]

    Li, L., B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, et al. R. K. Achterberg, C. A. Nixon, A. A. Simon-Miller, F. M. Flasar, D. Banfield, K. H. Baines, R. A. West, A. A. Ingersoll, A. R. Vasavada, A. D. Del Genio, C. C. Porco, A. A. Mamoutkine, M. E. Segura, G. L. Bjoraker, H. S. Orton, L. N. Fletcher, P. G. Irwin, and P. L. Read. 2010. "Saturn's emitted power." J Geophys Res 115 (E11): E11002 [10.1029/2010JE003631]

    Nixon, C., D. Jennings, J.-M. Flaud, et al. B. Bézard, N. Teanby, P. Irwin, T. Ansty, A. Coustenis, S. Vinatier, and F. Flasar. 2009. "Titan's prolific propane: The Cassini CIRS perspective." Planetary and Space Science 57 (13): 1573-1585 [10.1016/j.pss.2009.06.021]

    Jennings, D. E., P. N. Romani, G. L. Bjoraker, et al. P. V. Sada, C. A. Nixon, A. W. Lunsford, R. J. Boyle, B. E. Hesman, and G. H. McCabe. 2009. "12C/13C Ratio in Ethane on Titan and Implications for Methane’s Replenishment†." The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 113 (42): 11101-11106 [10.1021/jp903637d]

    Roman, M. T., R. A. West, D. J. Banfield, et al. P. J. Gierasch, R. K. Achterberg, C. A. Nixon, and P. C. Thomas. 2009. "Determining a tilt in Titan’s north–south albedo asymmetry from Cassini images." Icarus 203 (1): 242-249 [10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.021]

    Teanby, N., P. Irwin, R. de Kok, et al. A. Jolly, B. Bézard, C. Nixon, and S. Calcutt. 2009. "Titan's stratospheric C2N2, C3H4, and C4H2 abundances from Cassini/CIRS far-infrared spectra." Icarus 202 (2): 620-631 [10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.022]

    Hesman, B. E., D. E. Jennings, P. V. Sada, et al. G. L. Bjoraker, R. K. Achterberg, A. A. Simon-Miller, C. M. Anderson, R. J. Boyle, C. A. Nixon, L. N. Fletcher, and G. H. McCabe. 2009. "Saturn's latitudinal C2H2 and C2H6 abundance profiles from Cassini/CIRS and ground-based observations." Icarus 202 (1): 249-259 [10.1016/j.icarus.2009.02.013]

    Nixon, C. A., N. A. Teanby, S. B. Calcutt, et al. S. Aslam, D. E. Jennings, V. G. Kunde, F. M. Flasar, P. G. Irwin, F. W. Taylor, D. A. Glenar, and M. D. Smith. 2009. "Infrared limb sounding of Titan with the Cassini Composite InfraRed Spectrometer: effects of the mid-IR detector spatial responses." Applied Optics 48 (10): 1912 [10.1364/ao.48.001912]

    Coustenis, A., S. K. Atreya, T. Balint, et al. R. H. Brown, M. K. Dougherty, F. Ferri, M. Fulchignoni, D. Gautier, R. A. Gowen, C. A. Griffith, L. I. Gurvits, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, M. R. Leese, J. I. Lunine, C. P. McKay, X. Moussas, I. Müller-Wodarg, F. Neubauer, T. C. Owen, F. Raulin, E. C. Sittler, F. Sohl, C. Sotin, G. Tobie, T. Tokano, E. P. Turtle, J. Wahlund, J. H. Waite, K. H. Baines, J. Blamont, A. J. Coates, I. Dandouras, T. Krimigis, E. Lellouch, R. D. Lorenz, A. Morse, C. C. Porco, M. Hirtzig, J. Saur, T. Spilker, J. C. Zarnecki, E. Choi, N. Achilleos, R. Amils, P. Annan, D. H. Atkinson, Y. Bénilan, C. Bertucci, B. Bézard, G. L. Bjoraker, M. Blanc, L. Boireau, J. Bouman, M. Cabane, M. T. Capria, E. Chassefière, P. Coll, M. Combes, J. F. Cooper, A. Coradini, F. Crary, T. Cravens, I. A. Daglis, E. de Angelis, C. de Bergh, I. de Pater, C. Dunford, G. Durry, O. Dutuit, D. Fairbrother, F. M. Flasar, A. D. Fortes, R. Frampton, M. Fujimoto, M. Galand, O. Grasset, M. Grott, T. Haltigin, A. Herique, F. Hersant, H. Hussmann, W. Ip, R. Johnson, E. Kallio, S. Kempf, M. Knapmeyer, W. Kofman, R. Koop, T. Kostiuk, N. Krupp, M. Küppers, H. Lammer, L. Lara, P. Lavvas, S. Le Mouélic, S. Lebonnois, S. Ledvina, J. Li, T. A. Livengood, R. M. Lopes, J. Lopez-Moreno, D. Luz, P. R. Mahaffy, U. Mall, J. Martinez-Frias, B. Marty, T. McCord, C. Menor Salvan, A. Milillo, D. G. Mitchell, R. Modolo, O. Mousis, M. Nakamura, C. D. Neish, C. A. Nixon, D. Nna Mvondo, G. Orton, M. Paetzold, J. Pitman, S. Pogrebenko, W. Pollard, O. Prieto-Ballesteros, P. Rannou, K. Reh, L. Richter, F. T. Robb, R. Rodrigo, S. Rodriguez, P. Romani, M. Ruiz Bermejo, E. T. Sarris, P. Schenk, B. Schmitt, N. Schmitz, D. Schulze-Makuch, K. Schwingenschuh, A. Selig, B. Sicardy, L. Soderblom, L. J. Spilker, D. Stam, A. Steele, K. Stephan, D. F. Strobel, K. Szego, C. Szopa, R. Thissen, M. G. Tomasko, D. Toublanc, H. Vali, I. Vardavas, V. Vuitton, R. A. West, R. Yelle, and E. F. Young. 2009. "TandEM: Titan and Enceladus mission." Experimental Astronomy 23 893 [Full Text (Link)] [10.1007/s10686-008-9103-z]

    Teanby, N. A., P. G. Irwin, R. de Kok, and C. A. Nixon. 2009. "Dynamical implications of seasonal and spatial variations in Titan's stratospheric composition." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367 (1889): 697-711 [10.1098/rsta.2008.0164]

    Jennings, D. E., F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, et al. R. E. Samuelson, J. C. Pearl, C. A. Nixon, R. C. Carlson, A. A. Mamoutkine, J. C. Brasunas, E. Guandique, R. K. Achterberg, G. L. Bjoraker, P. N. Romani, M. E. Segura, S. A. Albright, M. H. Elliott, J. S. Tingley, S. Calcutt, A. Coustenis, and R. Courtin. 2009. "TITAN'S SURFACE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES." The Astrophysical Journal 691 (2): L103-L105 [10.1088/0004-637x/691/2/l103]

    Teanby, N. A., R. de Kok, P. G. Irwin, et al. S. Osprey, S. Vinatier, P. J. Gierasch, P. L. Read, F. M. Flasar, B. J. Conrath, R. K. Achterberg, B. Bézard, C. A. Nixon, and S. B. Calcutt. 2008. "Titan's winter polar vortex structure revealed by chemical tracers." Journal of Geophysical Research 113 (E12): E12003 [10.1029/2008je003218]

    Coustenis, A., D. E. Jennings, A. Jolly, et al. Y. Bénilan, C. A. Nixon, S. Vinatier, D. Gautier, G. L. Bjoraker, P. N. Romani, R. C. Carlson, and F. M. Flasar. 2008. "Detection of C2HD and the D/H ratio on Titan." Icarus 197 (2): 539-548 [10.1016/j.icarus.2008.06.003]

    Achterberg, R. K., B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, F. M. Flasar, and C. A. Nixon. 2008. "Observation of a tilt of Titan's middle-atmospheric superrotation." Icarus 197 (2): 549-555 [10.1016/j.icarus.2008.05.014]

    Jennings, D. E., C. A. Nixon, A. Jolly, et al. B. Bézard, A. Coustenis, S. Vinatier, P. G. Irwin, N. A. Teanby, P. N. Romani, R. K. Achterberg, and F. M. Flasar. 2008. "Isotopic Ratios in Titan's Atmosphere fromCassiniCIRS Limb Sounding: HC3N in the North." The Astrophysical Journal 681 (2): L109-L111 [10.1086/590534]

    Nixon, C. A., D. E. Jennings, B. Bézard, et al. N. A. Teanby, R. K. Achterberg, A. Coustenis, S. Vinatier, P. G. Irwin, P. N. Romani, T. Hewagama, and F. M. Flasar. 2008. "Isotopic Ratios in Titan's Atmosphere fromCassiniCIRS Limb Sounding: CO2at Low and Midlatitudes." The Astrophysical Journal 681 (2): L101-L103 [10.1086/590553]

    Nixon, C., R. Achterberg, S. Vinatier, et al. B. Bézard, A. Coustenis, P. Irwin, N. Teanby, R. de Kok, P. Romani, D. Jennings, G. Bjoraker, and F. Flasar. 2008. "The 12C/13C isotopic ratio in Titan hydrocarbons from Cassini/CIRS infrared spectra." Icarus 195 (2): 778-791 [10.1016/j.icarus.2008.01.012]

    Irwin, P., N. Teanby, R. de Kok, et al. L. Fletcher, C. Howett, C. Tsang, C. Wilson, S. Calcutt, C. Nixon, and P. Parrish. 2008. "The NEMESIS planetary atmosphere radiative transfer and retrieval tool." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 109 (6): 1136-1150 [10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.11.006]

    Achterberg, R. K., B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, F. M. Flasar, and C. A. Nixon. 2008. "Titan's middle-atmospheric temperatures and dynamics observed by the Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer." Icarus 194 (1): 263-277 [10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.029]

    Teanby, N., P. Irwin, R. de Kok, et al. C. Nixon, A. Coustenis, E. Royer, S. Calcutt, N. Bowles, L. Fletcher, C. Howett, and F. Taylor. 2008. "Global and temporal variations in hydrocarbons and nitriles in Titan's stratosphere for northern winter observed by Cassini/CIRS." Icarus 193 (2): 595-611 [10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.017]

    Bezard, B., C. Nixon, I. Kleiner, and D. Jennings. 2007. "Detection of 13CH3D on Titan." Icarus 191 (1): 397-400 [10.1016/j.icarus.2007.06.004]

    Dekok, R., P. Irwin, N. Teanby, et al. C. Nixon, D. Jennings, L. Fletcher, C. Howett, S. Calcutt, N. Bowles, and F. Flasar. 2007. "Characteristics of Titan's stratospheric aerosols and condensate clouds from Cassini CIRS far-infrared spectra." Icarus 191 (1): 223-235 [10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.003]

    Vinatier, S., B. Bézard, and C. A. Nixon. 2007. "The Titan 14N/15N and 12C/13C isotopic ratios in HCN from Cassini/CIRS." Icarus 191 (2): 712-721 [10.1016/j.icarus.2007.06.001]

    Coustenis, A., R. K. Achterberg, B. J. Conrath, et al. D. E. Jennings, A. Marten, D. Gautier, C. A. Nixon, F. M. Flasar, N. A. Teanby, B. Bézard, R. E. Samuelson, R. C. Carlson, E. Lellouch, G. L. Bjoraker, P. N. Romani, F. W. Taylor, P. G. Irwin, T. Fouchet, A. Hubert, G. S. Orton, V. G. Kunde, S. Vinatier, J. Mondellini, M. M. Abbas, and R. Courtin. 2007. "The composition of Titan's stratosphere from Cassini/CIRS mid-infrared spectra." Icarus 189 (1): 35-62 [10.1016/j.icarus.2006.12.022]

    Vinatier, S., B. Bezard, T. Fouchet, et al. N. Teanby, R. Dekok, P. Irwin, B. Conrath, C. Nixon, P. Romani, and F. Flasar. 2007. "Vertical abundance profiles of hydrocarbons in Titan's atmosphere at 15° S and 80° N retrieved from Cassini/CIRS spectra." Icarus 188 (1): 120-138 [10.1016/j.icarus.2006.10.031]

    Nixon, C., R. Achterberg, B. Conrath, et al. P. Irwin, N. A. Teanby, T. Fouchet, P. Parrish, P. Romani, M. Abbas, A. LeClair, D. Strobel, A. A. Simon-Miller, D. Jennings, F. M. Flasar, and V. Kunde. 2007. "Meridional Variations of C2H2 and C2H6 in Jupiter's Atmosphere from Cassini CIRS Infrared Spectra." Icarus 188 47-71. [10.1016/j.icarus.2006.11.016]

    de Kok, R., P. Irwin, N. Teanby, et al. E. Lellouch, B. Bézard, S. Vinatier, C. Nixon, L. Fletcher, C. Howett, S. Calcutt, N. Bowles, F. Flasar, and F. Taylor. 2007. "Oxygen compounds in Titan's stratosphere as observed by Cassini CIRS." Icarus 186 (2): 354-363 [10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.016]

    Teanby, N., P. Irwin, R. de Kok, et al. S. Vinatier, B. Bézard, C. Nixon, F. Flasar, S. Calcutt, N. Bowles, L. Fletcher, C. Howett, and F. Taylor. 2007. "Vertical profiles of HCN, HC3N, and C2H2 in Titan's atmosphere derived from Cassini/CIRS data." Icarus 186 (2): 364-384 [10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.024]

    Teanby, N., P. Irwin, R. Dekok, et al. C. Nixon, A. Coustenis, B. Bezard, S. Calcutt, N. Bowles, F. Flasar, and L. Fletcher. 2006. "Latitudinal variations of HCN, HC3N, and C2N2 in Titan's stratosphere derived from Cassini CIRS data." Icarus 181 (1): 243-255 [10.1016/j.icarus.2005.11.008]

    Flasar, F. M., R. Achterberg, B. Conrath, et al. P. Gierasch, V. Kunde, C. Nixon, G. Bjoraker, D. Jennings, P. Romani, A. Simon-Miller, B. Bezard, A. Coustenis, P. Irwin, N. Teanby, J. Brasunas, J. Pearl, M. Segura, R. Carlson, A. Mamoutkine, P. Schinder, A. Barucci, R. Courtin, T. Fouchet, D. Gautier, E. Lellouch, A. Marten, R. Prange, S. Vinatier, D. Strobel, S. Calcutt, P. Read, F. Taylor, N. Bowles, R. Samuelson, G. Orton, L. Spilker, T. Owen, J. Spencer, M. Showalter, C. Ferrari, M. Abbas, F. Raulin, S. Edgington, P. Ade, and E. Wishnow. 2005. "Titan's Atmospheric Temperatures, Winds, and Composition." Science 308 (5724): 975-978. [10.1126/science.1111150]

    Flasar, F. M., R. K. Achterberg, B. J. Conrath, et al. J. C. Pearl, G. L. Bjoraker, D. E. Jennings, P. N. Romani, A. A. Simon-Miller, V. G. Kunde, C. A. Nixon, B. Bezard, G. Orton, L. Spilker, J. R. Spencer, P. G. Irwin, N. A. Teanby, T. Owen, J. C. Brasunas, M. E. Segura, R. C. Carlson, A. A. Mamoutkine, P. Gierasch, P. Schinder, M. Showalter, C. Ferrari, A. Barucci, R. Courtin, A. Coustenis, T. Fouchet, D. Gautier, E. Lellouch, A. Marten, R. Prange, D. Strobel, S. Calcutt, P. Read, F. Taylor, N. Bowles, R. E. Samuelson, M. Abbas, F. Raulin, P. Ade, S. Edgington, S. Pilorz, B. Wallis, and E. Wishnow. 2005. "Temperatures, Winds, and Composition in the Saturnian System." Science 307 (5713): 1247-1251 [10.1126/science.1105806]

    Fouchet, T., P. G. Irwin, P. Parrish, et al. S. B. Calcutt, F. W. Taylor, C. A. Nixon, and T. Owen. 2004. "Search for spatial variation in the jovian 15N/14N ratio from Cassini/CIRS observations." Icarus 172 (1): 50-58 [10.1016/j.icarus.2003.11.011]

    Irwin, P., P. Parrish, T. Fouchet, et al. S. Calcutt, F. Taylor, A. Simon-Miller, C. Nixon, and F. M. Flasar. 2004. "Retrievals of Jovian tropospheric phosphine from Cassini/CIRS." Icarus 172 (1): 37-49 [10.1016/j.icarus.2003.09.027 ]

    Kunde, V., F. M. Flasar, D. Jennings, et al. B. Bezard, D. Strobel, B. Conrath, C. Nixon, G. Bjoraker, P. Romani, R. Achterberg, A. Simon-Miller, P. Irwin, J. Brasunas, J. Pearl, M. D. Smith, G. Orton, P. Gierasch, L. Spilker, R. Carlson, A. Mamoutkine, S. Calcutt, P. Read, F. Taylor, T. Fouchet, P. Parrish, A. Barucci, R. Courtin, A. Coustenis, D. Gautier, E. Lellouch, A. Marten, R. Prange, Y. Biraud, C. Ferrari, T. Owen, M. Abbas, R. Samuelson, F. Raulin, P. Ade, C. Cesarsky, K. Grossman, and A. Coradini. 2004. "Jupiter's Atmospheric Composition from the Cassini Thermal Infrared Spectroscopy Experiment." Science 305 (5690): 1582-1586. [10.1126/science.1100240]

    Fouchet, T., G. Orton, P. G. Irwin, S. B. Calcutt, and C. A. Nixon. 2004. "Upper limits on hydrogen halides in Jupiter from Cassini/CIRS observations." Icarus 170 (1): 237-241 [10.1016/j.icarus.2004.03.013]

    Wong, M. H., G. L. Bjoraker, M. D. Smith, F. Flasar, and C. A. Nixon. 2004. "Identification of the 10-μm ammonia ice feature on Jupiter." Planetary and Space Science 52 (5-6): 385-395 [10.1016/j.pss.2003.06.005]

    Abbas, M. M., A. LeClair, T. Owen, et al. B. J. Conrath, F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, C. A. Nixon, R. K. Achterberg, G. Bjoraker, D. J. Jennings, G. Orton, and P. N. Romani. 2004. "The Nitrogen Isotopic Ratio in Jupiter’s Atmosphere from Observations by the Composite Infrared Spectrometer on theCassiniSpacecraft." The Astrophysical Journal 602 (2): 1063-1074 [10.1086/381084]

    Flasar, F. M., V. G. Kunde, R. K. Achterberg, et al. B. J. Conrath, A. A. Simon, C. A. Nixon, P. Gierasch, P. N. Romani, B. Bezard, P. G. Irwin, G. L. Bjoraker, J. C. Brasunas, D. E. Jennings, J. C. Pearl, M. D. Smith, G. Orton, L. Spilker, R. C. Carlson, S. Calcutt, P. Read, F. Taylor, P. Parrish, A. Barucci, R. Courtin, A. Coustenis, D. Gautier, E. Lellouch, A. Marten, R. Prange, Y. Biraud, T. Fouchet, C. Ferrari, T. Owen, M. Abbas, R. E. Samuelson, F. Raulin, P. Ade, C. Cesarsky, K. Grossman, and A. Coradini. 2004. "An Intense Stratospheric Jet on Jupiter." Nature 427 132-135 [10.1038/nature02142]

    Flasar, F. M., V. Kunde, M. Abbas, et al. R. Achterberg, P. Ade, A. Barucci, B. Bezard, G. Bjoraker, J. Brasunas, S. Calcutt, R. Carlson, C. Cesarsky, B. J. Conrath, A. Coradini, R. Courtin, A. Coustenis, S. Edberg, S. Edgington, C. Ferrari, D. Gautier, P. Gierasch, K. Grossman, P. Irwin, D. Jennings, E. Lellouch, A. Marten, J. Meyer, C. Nixon, G. Orton, T. Owen, J. Pearl, R. Prange, F. Raulin, P. Read, P. Romani, R. Samuelson, M. Segura, M. Showalter, A. Simon-Miller, M. D. Smith, J. Spencer, L. Spilker, and F. Taylor. 2004. "Exploring the Saturn System in the Thermal Infrared: The Composite Infrared Spectrometer." Space Science Reviews 115 (1-4): 169-297 [10.1007/s11214-004-1454-9 ]

    Nixon, C. A., J. C. Brasunas, B. Lakew, et al. R. K. Fettig, D. E. Jennings, R. C. Carlson, and V. G. Kunde. 2003. "In-flight Far-Infrared Performance of the CIRS Instrument on Cassini."

    Nixon, C., P. G. Irwin, S. B. Calcutt, F. W. Taylor, and R. W. Carlson. 2001. "Atmospheric Composition and Cloud Structure in Jovian 5-μm Hotspots from Analysis of Galileo NIMS Measurements." Icarus 150 (1): 48-68 [10.1006/icar.2000.6561]

    Roos-Serote, M., A. R. Vasavada, L. Kamp, et al. P. Drossart, P. Irwin, C. Nixon, and R. W. Carlson. 2000. "Proximate humid and dry regions in Jupiter's atmosphere indicate complex local meteorology." Nature 405 (6783): 158-160 [10.1038/35012023]

    Taylor, F., S. Calcutt, P. Irwin, et al. C. Nixon, P. Read, P. Smith, and T. Vellacott. 1998. "Investigation of Saturns atmosphere by Cassini." Planetary and Space Science 46 (9-10): 1315-1324 [10.1016/s0032-0633(97)00229-8]

    Drew, J. E., G. Busfield, M. G. Hoare, et al. K. A. Murdoch, C. A. Nixon, and R. D. Oudmaijer. 1997. "MWC 297, B1.5Ve: a zero-age main-sequence star in the Aquila Rift." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 286 (3): 538-548 [10.1093/mnras/286.3.538]

                                                                                                                                                                                            
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