Dr. Cairns was educated in the United Kingdom at Chesterfield School and received an engineering degree from the University of Cambridge before completing a Ph. D. in physics at the Institute of Optics of the University of Rochester. He has worked at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies since 1992. His initial work was focused on developing parameterizations of three-dimensional radiation transport through clouds for use in general circulation models (GCMs) and that parameterization continues to be used in the GISS GCM. Since 1996 he has worked on the use of polarimetric remote sensing of the Earth to determine aerosol and cloud properties using ground based and airborne observations and was one of the developers of the airborne Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) instrument. The development of the RSP instrument was completed in 1999 and it made its first airborne measurements on a small Cessna survey plane. This sensor has obtained the most accurate polarization measurements of the atmosphere of the Earth ever made and over a broader spectral and angular range than any other polarimeter. The capability of these measurements to accurately retrieve aerosol and cloud properties has been widely recognized and has led to the development and planning of new instruments that attempt to provide similar capabilities. Since 2000 Dr. Cairns has led the integration of the RSP instrument onto five different platforms and supervised seventeen different field deployments from Mexico to the Canadian Arctic. During that time the RSP instrument performed impeccably acquiring more than 2000 hours of remote sensing observations. Dr. Cairns was instrument scientist for the Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor, which was on the NASA Glory mission that failed to reach orbit on 4th March 2011 and crashed into the South Pacific. He was also a member of the science-working groups appointed by NASA Headquarters to define the ACE and PACE missions that were recommended by the Decadal Survey of the National Academy of Sciences.
Brian Cairns
(RSCH AST, EARTH SCIENCES REMOTE SENS)
Org Code: 611
NASA/GISSMail Code: 611
New York, NY 10025
Employer: NASA
Brief Bio
Research Interests
Polarimetric Calibration
Earth Science: Remote SensingEfficient and accurate techniques to calibrate polarimetric instrumentation that can be used in laboratory, field or spaceflight applications.
3D Radiative Transfer
Earth Science: Theory & ModelingEffects of three-dimensional variability on radiative transfer and inverse modeling methods for retrieval of 3D distributions of clouds and aerosols from multi-angle multi-spectral intensity and polarization measurements.
Inversion of multiple-scattering data
Earth Science: AerosolsHigh-dimensional data sets such as those produced by multi-angle multi-spectral intensity and polarimetric measurements require inversion techniques that make optimal use of the available data, whether it be passive only, or include lidar or radar remote sensing observations too. These inverse methods require efficient forward models that also provide the derivatives of the radiation field with respect to the parameters defining the aerosol and cloud fields that are to be retrieved. Efficient analytical methods can use modified vector adding/doubling calculations to implement such forward model capabilities and are currently being tested.
Hyperspectral Observations
Earth Science: Remote SensingAtmospheric correction of hyperspectral data and the use of hyperspectral measurements for atmospheric remote sensing. A hyperspectral radiative transfer code with 1 nm spectral resolution has been developed to facilitate the analysis of hyperspectral imaging radiometer data for atmospheric, land and ocean remote sensing.
Positions/Employment
Electro-optical engineer
Schlumberger Electronics - London, UK
May 1986 - October 1986
Development of sensors for use in Boeing fly-by-light program. Primary task of developing read head for rotational position sensor using Gray code disk. Also developed automated test equipment for position sensor using stepper motor and computer to do accelerated life testing of the position sensor.
Research Scientist
Columbia University - Morningside, New York, NY 10025
March 1992 - March 2007
Developed Monte Carlo radiative transfer code for the evaluation of a renormalization group approach to the incorporation of three-dimensional radiative transfer effects in a GCM. Subsequently used ISCCP observations to develop an observationally based climatology of the three-dimensional effects as a function of cloud type. Subsequently developed hyperspectral radiative transfer code for the analysis of Hyperion and HyperSpecTIR sensor imaging spectrometer observations. Developed airborne polarimetric sensor called the Research Scanning Polarimeter in conjunction with SpecTIR LLC. Updated vector radiative transfer code for the analysis of airborne remote sensing observations.
Senior Research Scientist
NASA GSFC - Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025
April 2007 - Present
Instrument scientist for Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor on the NASA Glory mission. Principal Investigator (PI) for operation of the Research Scanning Polarimeter in ARCTAS, RACORO, CalNEX, CARES, DEVOTE, TCAP, PODEX, SEAC4RS and SABOR.
Teaching Experience
Taught a remote sensing course in the Electrical Engineering department of the City College of New York for four years from 1996 to 2000.
Education
March 1992 Ph.D. An investigation of multiple scattering and radiative transfer, University of Rochester, NY.
June 1988 M.S. Optical Engineering, University of Rochester, NY
June 1985 B.A. with 1st Class Honours, Cambridge University, Department of Engineering, Electrical Sciences Tripos, Cambridge, UK.
June 1988 M.S. Optical Engineering, University of Rochester, NY
June 1985 B.A. with 1st Class Honours, Cambridge University, Department of Engineering, Electrical Sciences Tripos, Cambridge, UK.
Professional Societies
American Geophysical Union
1996 - Present
American Meteorological Society
1993 - 2000
Professional Service
Served on ESTO review panels for their ACT and IIP programs. Also served on numerous NASA science review panels. Served on AMS Atmospheric Radiation committee and helped to organize 11th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation and the 11th Conference on Cloud Physics, 3-7 June 2002, Ogden, UT.
Awards
NASA Group Achievement Award, INTEX-B field campaign, 2007.
NASA Group Achievement Award, ARCTAS field campaign, 2009.
Certificate of Appreciation from NASA ESTO, 2010.
NASA GSFC Special Act – Individual Award, 2010.
NASA Center Team Award, RACORO field campaign, 2010.
NASA Performance Award for 2009-2010.
NASA Group Achievement Award, The Glory Project Team, 2011.
NASA Group Achievement Award, DEVOTE project team, 2012.
NASA Group Achievement Award, CLARREO mission concept team, 2012.
NASA Performance Award for 2012-2013.
NASA Performance Award for 2013-2014.
NASA Group Achievement Award, ARCTAS field campaign, 2009.
Certificate of Appreciation from NASA ESTO, 2010.
NASA GSFC Special Act – Individual Award, 2010.
NASA Center Team Award, RACORO field campaign, 2010.
NASA Performance Award for 2009-2010.
NASA Group Achievement Award, The Glory Project Team, 2011.
NASA Group Achievement Award, DEVOTE project team, 2012.
NASA Group Achievement Award, CLARREO mission concept team, 2012.
NASA Performance Award for 2012-2013.
NASA Performance Award for 2013-2014.
Grants
Polarimetric remote sensing of aerosols and clouds: Glory Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor Calibration and Validation - NASA (NNH10ZDA001N-SEAC4RS) - Awarded: 2011-08-01
Dates: 2011-08-01 - 2014-07-31
Coverage: 0.75
Amount $747K
Other Professional Information
Proficient German and French speaker.
Publications
Refereed
Gao, M., B. A. Franz, P.-W. Zhai, et al. K. D. Knobelspiesse, A. M. Sayer, X. Xu, V. Martins, B. Cairns, P. Castellanos, G. Fu, N. Hannadige, O. Hasekamp, Y. Hu, A. Ibrahim, F. S. Patt, A. Puthukkudy, and P. J. Werdell. 2023. Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and ocean properties from PACE HARP2 with uncertainty assessment using cascading neural network radiative transfer models Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16 (23): [https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5863-2023]
Hannadige, N. K., P.-W. Zhai, M. Gao, et al. Y. Hu, P. J. Werdell, K. Knobelspiesse, and B. Cairns. 2023. Performance evaluation of three bio-optical models in aerosol and ocean color joint retrievals Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16 (23): 5749-5770 [10.5194/amt-16-5749-2023]
Tornow, F., A. S. Ackerman, A. M. Fridlind, et al. G. Tselioudis, B. Cairns, D. Painemal, and G. Elsaesser. 2023. On the impact of a dry intrusion driving cloud-regime transitions in a midlatitude cold-air outbreak Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences [10.1175/jas-d-23-0040.1]
Sorooshian, A., M. D. Alexandrov, A. D. Bell, et al. R. Bennett, G. Betito, S. P. Burton, M. E. Buzanowicz, B. Cairns, E. V. Chemyakin, G. Chen, Y. Choi, B. L. Collister, A. L. Cook, A. F. Corral, E. C. Crosbie, B. van Diedenhoven, J. P. DiGangi, G. S. Diskin, S. Dmitrovic, E.-L. Edwards, M. A. Fenn, R. A. Ferrare, D. van Gilst, J. W. Hair, D. B. Harper, M. R. Hilario, C. A. Hostetler, N. Jester, M. Jones, S. Kirschler, M. M. Kleb, J. M. Kusterer, S. Leavor, J. W. Lee, H. Liu, K. McCauley, R. H. Moore, J. Nied, A. Notari, J. B. Nowak, D. Painemal, K. E. Phillips, C. E. Robinson, A. J. Scarino, J. S. Schlosser, S. T. Seaman, C. Seethala, T. J. Shingler, M. A. Shook, K. A. Sinclair, W. L. Smith, D. A. Spangenberg, S. A. Stamnes, K. L. Thornhill, C. Voigt, H. Vömel, A. P. Wasilewski, H. Wang, E. L. Winstead, K. Zeider, X. Zeng, B. Zhang, L. D. Ziemba, and P. Zuidema. 2023. Spatially coordinated airborne data and complementary products for aerosol, gas, cloud, and meteorological studies: the NASA ACTIVATE dataset Earth System Science Data 15 (8): 3419-3472 [10.5194/essd-15-3419-2023]
Stamnes, S., M. Jones, J. G. Allen, et al. E. Chemyakin, A. Bell, J. Chowdhary, X. Liu, S. P. Burton, B. Van Diedenhoven, O. Hasekamp, J. Hair, Y. Hu, C. Hostetler, R. Ferrare, K. Stamnes, and B. Cairns. 2023. The PACE-MAPP algorithm: Simultaneous aerosol and ocean polarimeter products using coupled atmosphere-ocean vector radiative transfer Frontiers in Remote Sensing 4 [10.3389/frsen.2023.1174672]
Gao, M., K. Knobelspiesse, B. A. Franz, et al. P.-W. Zhai, B. Cairns, X. Xu, and J. V. Martins. 2023. The impact and estimation of uncertainty correlation for multi-angle polarimetric remote sensing of aerosols and ocean color Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16 (8): 2067–2087 [https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2067-2023]
Lenhardt, E. D., L. Gao, J. Redemann, et al. F. Xu, S. P. Burton, B. Cairns, I. Chang, R. A. Ferrare, C. A. Hostetler, P. E. Saide, C. Howes, Y. Shinozuka, S. Stamnes, M. Kacarab, A. Dobracki, J. Wong, S. Freitag, and A. Nenes. 2023. Use of lidar aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients to estimate cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations in the southeast Atlantic Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16 (7): 2037-2054 [10.5194/amt-16-2037-2023]
Li, X.-Y., H. Wang, J. Chen, et al. S. Endo, S. Kirschler, C. Voigt, E. Crosbie, L. D. Ziemba, D. Painemal, B. Cairns, J. W. Hair, A. F. Corral, C. Robinson, H. Dadashazar, A. Sorooshian, G. Chen, R. A. Ferrare, M. M. Kleb, H. Liu, R. Moore, A. J. Scarino, M. A. Shook, T. J. Shingler, K. L. Thornhill, F. Tornow, H. Xiao, and X. Zeng. 2023. Large-Eddy Simulations of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds Associated with Cold-Air Outbreaks during the ACTIVATE Campaign. Part II: Aerosol–Meteorology–Cloud Interaction Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 80 (4): 1025-1045 [10.1175/jas-d-21-0324.1]
Sayer, A. M., L. Lelli, B. Cairns, et al. B. van Diedenhoven, A. Ibrahim, K. D. Knobelspiesse, S. Korkin, and P. J. Werdell. 2023. The CHROMA cloud-top pressure retrieval algorithm for the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) satellite mission Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16 (4): 969-996 [10.5194/amt-16-969-2023]
Nied, J., M. Jones, S. Seaman, et al. T. Shingler, J. Hair, B. Cairns, D. V. Gilst, A. Bucholtz, S. Schmidt, S. Chellappan, P. Zuidema, B. Van Diedenhoven, A. Sorooshian, and S. Stamnes. 2023. A cloud detection neural network for above-aircraft clouds using airborne cameras Frontiers in Remote Sensing 4 [10.3389/frsen.2023.1118745]
van Diedenhoven, B., O. P. Hasekamp, B. Cairns, et al. G. L. Schuster, S. Stamnes, M. Shook, and L. Ziemba. 2022. Remote sensing of aerosol water fraction, dry size distribution and soluble fraction using multi-angle, multi-spectral polarimetry Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15 (24): 7411-7434 [10.5194/amt-15-7411-2022]
Alexandrov, M. D., A. Marshak, B. Cairns, and A. S. Ackerman. 2022. Markovian Statistical Model of Cloud Optical Thickness. Part I: Theory and Examples Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 79 (12): 3315-3332 [10.1175/jas-d-22-0125.1]
Gao, M., K. Knobelspiesse, B. Franz, et al. P.-W. Zhai, A. Sayer, A. Ibrahim, B. Cairns, O. Hasekamp, Y. Hu, V. Martins, J. Werdell, and X. Xu. 2022. Effective uncertainty quantification for multi-angle polarimetric aerosol remote sensing over ocean Atmos. Meas. Tech. 15 (16): 4859–4879 [10.5194/amt-15-4859-2022]
Kato, S., T. J. Thorsen, S.-H. Ham, et al. N. G. Loeb, R. A. Ferrare, D. M. Winker, H. Barker, G. L. Stephens, S. Schmidt, K. G. Meyer, and B. Cairns. 2022. Effect of Spectral Variability of Aerosol Optical Properties on Direct Aerosol Radiative Effect Frontiers in Remote Sensing 3 [10.3389/frsen.2022.904505]
Fu, D., L. Di Girolamo, R. M. Rauber, et al. G. M. McFarquhar, S. W. Nesbitt, J. Loveridge, Y. Hong, B. van Diedenhoven, B. Cairns, M. D. Alexandrov, P. Lawson, S. Woods, S. Tanelli, S. Schmidt, C. Hostetler, and A. J. Scarino. 2022. An evaluation of the liquid cloud droplet effective radius derived from MODIS, airborne remote sensing, and in situ measurements from CAMP<sup>2</sup>Ex Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22 (12): 8259-8285 [10.5194/acp-22-8259-2022]
Tornow, F., A. S. Ackerman, A. M. Fridlind, et al. B. Cairns, E. C. Crosbie, S. Kirschler, R. H. Moore, D. Painemal, C. E. Robinson, C. Seethala, M. A. Shook, C. Voigt, E. L. Winstead, L. D. Ziemba, P. Zuidema, and A. Sorooshian. 2022. Dilution of Boundary Layer Cloud Condensation Nucleus Concentrations by Free Tropospheric Entrainment During Marine Cold Air Outbreaks Geophysical Research Letters 49 (11): [10.1029/2022gl098444]
Liu, L., G. L. Schuster, H. Moosmüller, et al. S. Stamnes, B. Cairns, and J. Chowdhary. 2022. Optical properties of morphologically complex black carbon aerosols: Effects of coatings Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 281 108080 [10.1016/j.jqsrt.2022.108080]
Gao, M., K. Knobelspiesse, B. A. Franz, et al. P.-W. Zhai, V. Martins, S. P. Burton, B. Cairns, R. Ferrare, M. A. Fenn, O. Hasekamp, Y. Hu, A. Ibrahim, A. M. Sayer, P. J. Werdell, and X. Xu. 2021. Adaptive Data Screening for Multi-Angle Polarimetric Aerosol and Ocean Color Remote Sensing Accelerated by Deep Learning Frontiers in Remote Sensing 2 [10.3389/frsen.2021.757832]
Alexandrov, M. D., C. Emde, B. Van Diedenhoven, and B. Cairns. 2021. Application of Radon Transform to Multi-Angle Measurements Made by the Research Scanning Polarimeter: A New Approach to Cloud Tomography. Part I: Theory and Tests on Simulated Data Frontiers in Remote Sensing 2 [10.3389/frsen.2021.791130]
Li, X.-Y., H. Wang, J. Chen, et al. S. Endo, G. George, B. Cairns, S. Chellappan, X. Zeng, S. Kirschler, C. Voigt, A. Sorooshian, E. Crosbie, G. Chen, R. A. Ferrare, W. I. Gustafson, J. W. Hair, M. M. Kleb, H. Liu, R. Moore, D. Painemal, C. Robinson, A. J. Scarino, M. Shook, T. J. Shingler, K. L. Thornhill, F. Tornow, H. Xiao, L. D. Ziemba, and P. Zuidema. 2021. Large-eddy simulations of marine boundary-layer clouds associated with cold air outbreaks during the ACTIVATE campaign– part 1: Case setup and sensitivities to large-scale forcings Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences [10.1175/jas-d-21-0123.1]
Painemal, D., D. Spangenberg, W. L. Smith, et al. P. Minnis, B. Cairns, R. H. Moore, E. Crosbie, C. Robinson, K. L. Thornhill, E. L. Winstead, and L. Ziemba. 2021. Evaluation of satellite retrievals of liquid clouds from the GOES-13 imager and MODIS over the midlatitude North Atlantic during the NAAMES campaign Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14 (10): 6633-6646 [10.5194/amt-14-6633-2021]
Hu, Y., X. Lu, P.-W. Zhai, et al. C. A. Hostetler, J. W. Hair, B. Cairns, W. Sun, S. Stamnes, A. Omar, R. Baize, G. Videen, J. Mace, D. T. McCoy, I. L. McCoy, and R. Wood. 2021. Liquid Phase Cloud Microphysical Property Estimates From CALIPSO Measurements Frontiers in Remote Sensing 2 [10.3389/frsen.2021.724615]
Stamnes, S., R. Baize, P. Bontempi, et al. B. Cairns, E. Chemyakin, Y.-J. Choi, J. Chowdhary, Y. Hu, M. Jeong, K.-I. Kang, S. S. Kim, X. Liu, R. Loughman, D. MacDonnell, M. P. McCormick, B. Moon, A. Omar, C. M. Roithmayr, C. K. Sim, W. Sun, B. van Diedenhoven, G. Videen, and A. Wasilewski. 2021. Simultaneous Aerosol and Ocean Properties From the PolCube CubeSat Polarimeter Frontiers in Remote Sensing 2 [10.3389/frsen.2021.709040]
Chemyakin, E., S. Stamnes, S. P. Burton, et al. X. Liu, C. Hostetler, R. Ferrare, B. Cairns, and O. Dubovik. 2021. Improved Lorenz-Mie Look-Up Table for Lidar and Polarimeter Retrievals Frontiers in Remote Sensing 2 [10.3389/frsen.2021.711106]
Gao, M., B. A. Franz, K. Knobelspiesse, et al. P.-W. Zhai, V. Martins, S. Burton, B. Cairns, R. Ferrare, J. Gales, O. Hasekamp, Y. Hu, A. Ibrahim, B. McBride, A. Puthukkudy, P. J. Werdell, and X. Xu. 2021. Efficient multi-angle polarimetric inversion of aerosols and oceancolor powered by a deep neural network forward model Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14 (6): 4083–4110 [https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4083-2021]
Xu, F., L. Gao, J. Redemann, et al. C. Flynn, W. R. Espinosa, A. M. Da Silva, S. Stamnes, S. Burton, X. Liu, R. Ferrare, B. Cairns, and O. Dubovik. 2021. A Combined Lidar-Polarimeter Inversion Approach for Aerosol Remote Sensing Over Ocean Frontiers in Remote Sensing 2 (2):
Sinclair, K., B. van Diedenhoven, B. Cairns, et al. M. Alexandrov, A. M. Dzambo, and T. L’Ecuyer. 2021. Inference of Precipitation in Warm Stratiform Clouds using Remotely Sensed Observations of the Cloud Top Droplet Size Distribution Geophysical Research Letters [10.1029/2021gl092547]
Dzambo, A. M., T. L'Ecuyer, K. Sinclair, et al. B. van Diedenhoven, S. Gupta, G. McFarquhar, J. R. O'Brien, B. Cairns, A. P. Wasilewski, and M. Alexandrov. 2021. Joint cloud water path and rainwater path retrievals from airborne ORACLES observations Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21 (7): 5513-5532 [10.5194/acp-21-5513-2021]
Corral, A. F., R. A. Braun, B. Cairns, et al. V. A. Gorooh, H. Liu, L. Ma, A. H. Mardi, D. Painemal, S. Stamnes, B. van Diedenhoven, H. Wang, Y. Yang, B. Zhang, and A. Sorooshian. 2021. An Overview of Atmospheric Features Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean and North American East Coast – Part 1: Analysis of Aerosols, Gases, and Wet Deposition Chemistry Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126 (4): [10.1029/2020jd032592]
Redemann, J., R. Wood, P. Zuidema, et al. S. J. Doherty, B. Luna, S. E. LeBlanc, M. S. Diamond, Y. Shinozuka, I. Y. Chang, R. Ueyama, L. Pfister, J.-M. Ryoo, A. N. Dobracki, A. M. da Silva, K. M. Longo, M. S. Kacenelenbogen, C. J. Flynn, K. Pistone, N. M. Knox, S. J. Piketh, J. M. Haywood, P. Formenti, M. Mallet, P. Stier, A. S. Ackerman, S. E. Bauer, A. M. Fridlind, G. R. Carmichael, P. E. Saide, G. A. Ferrada, S. G. Howell, S. Freitag, B. Cairns, B. N. Holben, K. D. Knobelspiesse, S. Tanelli, T. S. L'Ecuyer, A. M. Dzambo, O. O. Sy, G. M. McFarquhar, M. R. Poellot, S. Gupta, J. R. O'Brien, A. Nenes, M. E. Kacarab, J. P. Wong, J. D. Small-Griswold, K. L. Thornhill, D. Noone, J. R. Podolske, K. S. Schmidt, P. Pilewskie, H. Chen, S. P. Cochrane, A. J. Sedlacek, T. J. Lang, E. Stith, M. Segal-Rozenhaimer, R. A. Ferrare, S. P. Burton, C. A. Hostetler, D. J. Diner, S. E. Platnick, J. S. Myers, K. G. Meyer, D. A. Spangenberg, H. Maring, and L. Gao. 2021. An overview of the ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) project: aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in the Southeast Atlantic basin Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics [10.5194/acp-21-1507-2021]
Hannadige, N. K., P.-W. Zhai, M. Gao, et al. B. A. Franz, Y. Hu, K. Knobelspiesse, J. Werdell, A. Ibrahim, B. Cairns, and O. P. Hasekamp. 2021. Atmospheric correction over the ocean for hyperspectral radiometers using multi-angle polarimetric retrievals Optics Express 29 (3): 4504 [10.1364/oe.408467]
Quaas, J., A. Arola, B. Cairns, et al. M. Christensen, H. Deneke, A. M. Ekman, G. Feingold, A. M. Fridlind, E. Gryspeerdt, O. Hasekamp, Z. Li, A. Lipponen, P.-L. Ma, J. Mülmenstädt, A. Nenes, J. E. Penner, D. Rosenfeld, R. Schrödner, K. Sinclair, O. Sourdeval, P. Stier, M. Tesche, B. van Diedenhoven, and M. Wendisch. 2020. Constraining the Twomey effect from satellite observations: issues and perspectives Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20 (23): 15079-15099 [10.5194/acp-20-15079-2020]
Adebiyi, A. A., P. Zuidema, I. Chang, S. P. Burton, and B. Cairns. 2020. Mid-level clouds are frequent above the southeast Atlantic stratocumulus clouds Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20 (18): 11025-11043 [10.5194/acp-20-11025-2020]
Knobelspiesse, K., H. M. Barbosa, C. Bradley, et al. C. Bruegge, B. Cairns, G. Chen, J. Chowdhary, A. Cook, A. Di Noia, B. van Diedenhoven, D. J. Diner, R. Ferrare, G. Fu, M. Gao, M. Garay, J. Hair, D. Harper, G. van Harten, O. Hasekamp, M. Helmlinger, C. Hostetler, O. Kalashnikova, A. Kupchock, K. Longo De Freitas, H. Maring, J. V. Martins, B. McBride, M. McGill, K. Norlin, A. Puthukkudy, B. Rheingans, J. Rietjens, F. C. Seidel, A. da Silva, M. Smit, S. Stamnes, Q. Tan, S. Val, A. Wasilewski, F. Xu, X. Xu, and J. Yorks. 2020. The Aerosol Characterization from Polarimeter and Lidar (ACEPOL) airborne field campaign Earth System Science Data 12 (3): 2183-2208 [10.5194/essd-12-2183-2020]
Dzambo, A. M., T. L'Ecuyer, K. Sinclair, et al. B. van Diedenhoven, S. Gupta, G. McFarquhar, J. R. O'Brien, B. Cairns, A. P. Wasilewski, and M. Alexandrov. 2020. Joint Cloud Water Path and Rain Water Path Retrievals from ORACLES Observations [10.5194/acp-2020-849]
Gao, M., P.-W. Zhai, B. A. Franz, et al. K. Knobelspiesse, A. Ibrahim, B. Cairns, S. E. Craig, G. Fu, O. Hasekamp, Y. Hu, and P. J. Werdell. 2020. Inversion of multiangular polarimetric measurements from the ACEPOL campaign: an application of improving aerosol property and hyperspectral ocean color retrievals Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13 3939–3956 [10.5194/amt-13-3939-2020]
Alexandrov, M. D., D. J. Miller, C. Rajapakshe, et al. A. Fridlind, B. van Diedenhoven, B. Cairns, A. S. Ackerman, and Z. Zhang. 2020. Vertical profiles of droplet size distributions derived from cloud-side observations by the research scanning polarimeter: Tests on simulated data Atmospheric Research 239 104924 [10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.104924]
Miller, D. J., M. Segal-Rozenhaimer, K. Knobelspiesse, et al. J. Redemann, B. Cairns, M. Alexandrov, B. van Diedenhoven, and A. Wasilewski. 2020. Low-level liquid cloud properties during ORACLES retrieved using airborne polarimetric measurements and a neural network algorithm Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13 3447-3470 [10.5194/amt-13-3447-2020]
Van Diedenhoven, B., A. S. Ackerman, A. M. Fridlind, B. Cairns, and J. Riedi. 2020. Global Statistics of Ice Microphysical and Optical Properties at Tops of Optically Thick Ice Clouds Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 125 (6): e2019JD031811 [10.1029/2019jd031811]
Sorooshian, A., A. F. Corral, R. A. Braun, et al. B. Cairns, E. Crosbie, R. Ferrare, J. Hair, M. M. Kleb, A. Hossein Mardi, H. Maring, A. McComiskey, R. Moore, D. Painemal, A. J. Scarino, J. Schlosser, T. Shingler, M. Shook, H. Wang, X. Zeng, L. Ziemba, and P. Zuidema. 2020. Atmospheric Research Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean Region and North American East Coast: A Review of Past Work and Challenges Ahead Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 125 (6): [10.1029/2019jd031626]
van Diedenhoven, B., and B. Cairns. 2020. A Flexible Parameterization for Shortwave and Longwave Optical Properties of Ice Crystals and Derived Bulk Optical Properties for Climate Models Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77 (4): 1245-1260 [10.1175/jas-d-19-0193.1]
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Alexandrov, M. D., B. Cairns, C. Emde, A. S. Ackerman, and B. van Diedenhoven. 2012. Accuracy assessments of cloud droplet size retrievals from polarized reflectance measurements by the research scanning polarimeter Remote Sens Environ 125 92-111 [10.1016/j.rse.2012.07.012]
Litvinov, P., O. Hasekamp, and B. Cairns. 2011. Models for surface reflection of radiance and polarized radiance: Comparison with airborne multi-angle photopolarimetric measurements and implications for modeling top-of-atmosphere measurements Remote Sensing of Environment 115 (2): 781-792 [10.1016/j.rse.2010.11.005]
Knobelspiesse, K. D., B. Cairns, M. Ottaviani, et al. R. Ferrare, J. Hair, C. Hostetler, M. Obland, R. Rogers, J. Redemann, Y. Shinozuka, A. Clarke, S. Freitag, S. Howell, V. Kapustin, and C. McNaughton. 2011. Combined retrievals of boreal forest fire aerosol properties with a polarimeter and lidar Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11 (14): 7045-7067 [10.5194/acp-11-7045-2011]
Knobelspiesse, K. D., B. Cairns, J. Redemann, R. W. Bergstrom, and A. Stohl. 2011. Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and cloud properties during the MILAGRO field campaign Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11 (13): 6245-6263 [10.5194/acp-11-6245-2011]
Mishchenko, M. I., V. P. Tishkovets, L. D. Travis, et al. B. Cairns, J. M. Dlugach, L. Liu, V. K. Rosenbush, and N. N. Kiselev. 2011. Electromagnetic scattering by a morphologically complex object: Fundamental concepts and common misconceptions J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 112 (4): 671-692 [10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.03.016]
Mishchenko, M. I., L. Liu, L. D. Travis, B. Cairns, and A. A. Lacis. 2010. Toward unified satellite climatology of aerosol properties: 3 MODIS versus MISR versus AERONET J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 111 (4): 540-552 [10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.11.003]
Litvinov, P., O. Hasekamp, B. Cairns, and M. I. Mishchenko. 2010. Reflection models for soil and vegetation surfaces from multiple-viewing angle photopolarimetric measurements J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 111 (4): 529-539 [10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.11.001]
Waquet, F., J. Riédi, L. Labonnote, et al. P. Goloub, B. Cairns, J. Deuzé, and D. Tanré. 2009. Aerosol Remote Sensing over Clouds Using A-Train Observations J Atmos Sci 66 (8): 2468-2480 [10.1175/2009JAS3026.1]
Waquet, F., B. Cairns, K. Knobelspiesse, et al. J. Chowdhary, L. D. Travis, B. Schmid, and M. I. Mishchenko. 2009. Polarimetric remote sensing of aerosols over land J. Geophys. Res. 114 (D1): D01206 [10.1029/2008JD010619]
Waquet, F., J. Léon, B. Cairns, et al. P. Goloub, J. Deuzé, and F. Auriol. 2009. Analysis of the spectral and angular response of the vegetated surface polarization for the purpose of aerosol remote sensing over land Applied Optics 48 (6): 1228 [10.1364/AO.48.001228]
Mishchenko, M. I., I. V. Geogdzhayev, L. Liu, et al. A. A. Lacis, B. Cairns, and L. D. Travis. 2009. Toward unified satellite climatology of aerosol properties: What do fully compatible MODIS and MISR aerosol pixels tell us? J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 110 (6-7): 402-408 [10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.01.007]
Alexandrov, M. D., B. Schmid, D. D. Turner, et al. B. Cairns, V. Oinas, A. A. Lacis, S. I. Gutman, E. R. Westwater, A. Smirnov, and J. Eilers. 2009. Columnar water vapor retrievals from multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer data J. Geophys. Res. 114 (D2): D02306 [10.1029/2008JD010543]
Knobelspiesse, K. D., B. Cairns, B. Schmid, M. O. Román, and C. B. Schaaf. 2008. Surface BRDF estimation from an aircraft compared to MODIS and ground estimates at the Southern Great Plains site J. Geophys. Res. 113 (D20): D20105 [10.1029/2008JD010062]
Alexandrov, M. D., A. A. Lacis, B. E. Carlson, and B. Cairns. 2008. Characterization of atmospheric aerosols using MFRSR measurements J. Geophys. Res. 113 (D8): D08204 [10.1029/2007JD009388]
Mishchenko, M. I., L. Liu, D. W. Mackowski, B. Cairns, and G. Videen. 2007. Multiple scattering by random particulate media: exact 3D results Opt. Express 15 (6): 2822-2836 [10.1364/OE.15.002822]
Mishchenko, M. I., I. V. Geogdzhayev, W. B. Rossow, et al. B. Cairns, B. E. Carlson, A. A. Lacis, L. Liu, and L. D. Travis. 2007. Long-Term Satellite Record Reveals Likely Recent Aerosol Trend Science 315 (5818): 1543-1543 [10.1126/science.1136709]
Mishchenko, M. I., B. Cairns, G. Kopp, et al. C. F. Schueler, B. A. Fafaul, J. E. Hansen, R. J. Hooker, T. Itchkawich, H. B. Maring, and L. D. Travis. 2007. Accurate Monitoring of Terrestrial Aerosols and Total Solar Irradiance: Introducing the Glory Mission Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 88 (5): 677-691 [10.1175/BAMS-88-5-677]
Hansen, J. E., M. Sato, R. A. Ruedy, et al. P. A. Kharecha, A. A. Lacis, R. L. Miller, L. S. Nazarenko, K.-W. Lo, G. A. Schmidt, G. L. Russell, I. Aleinov, S. E. Bauer, E. Baum, B. Cairns, V. M. Canuto, M. A. Chandler, Y.-B. Cheng, A. Cohen, A. D. Del Genio, G. S. Faluvegi, E. Fleming, A. Friend, T. M. Hall, C. H. Jackman, J. A. Jonas, M. Kelley, N. Y. Kiang, D. Koch, G. Labow, J. Lerner, S. Menon, T. Novakov, V. Oinas, J. P. Perlwitz, J. Perlwitz, D. H. Rind, A. Romanou, R. B. Schmunk, D. T. Shindell, P. Stone, S. Sun, D. Streets, N. L. Tausnev, D. Thresher, N. Unger, M.-S. Yao, and S. Zhang. 2007. Dangerous human-made interference with climate: a GISS modelE study Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7 (9): 2287-2312 [10.5194/acp-7-2287-2007]
Hansen, J. E., M. Sato, R. A. Ruedy, et al. P. A. Kharecha, A. A. Lacis, R. L. Miller, L. S. Nazarenko, K.-W. Lo, G. A. Schmidt, G. L. Russell, I. Aleinov, S. E. Bauer, E. Baum, B. Cairns, V. M. Canuto, M. A. Chandler, Y.-B. Cheng, A. Cohen, A. D. Del Genio, G. S. Faluvegi, E. Fleming, A. Friend, T. M. Hall, C. H. Jackman, J. A. Jonas, M. Kelley, N. Y. Kiang, D. Koch, G. Labow, J. Lerner, S. Menon, T. Novakov, V. Oinas, J. P. Perlwitz, J. Perlwitz, D. H. Rind, A. Romanou, R. B. Schmunk, D. T. Shindell, P. Stone, S. Sun, D. Streets, N. L. Tausnev, D. Thresher, N. Unger, M.-S. Yao, and S. Zhang. 2007. Climate simulations for 1880–2003 with GISS modelE Clim Dyn 29 (7-8): 661-696 [10.1007/s00382-007-0255-8]
Diner, D. J., A. Davis, B. Hancock, et al. G. Gutt, R. A. Chipman, and B. Cairns. 2007. Dual-photoelastic-modulator-based polarimetric imaging concept for aerosol remote sensing Applied Optics 46 (35): 8428 [10.1364/AO.46.008428]
Mishchenko, M. I., I. V. Geogdzhayev, B. Cairns, et al. B. E. Carlson, J. Chowdhary, A. A. Lacis, L. Liu, W. B. Rossow, and L. D. Travis. 2007. Past, present, and future of global aerosol climatologies derived from satellite observations: A perspective J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 106 (1-3): 325-347 [10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.01.007]
Schmidt, G. A., R. A. Ruedy, J. E. Hansen, et al. I. Aleinov, N. Bell, M. P. Bauer, S. E. Bauer, B. Cairns, V. M. Canuto, Y.-B. Cheng, A. Del Genio, G. S. Faluvegi, A. D. Friend, T. M. Hall, Y. Hu, M. Kelley, N. Y. Kiang, D. Koch, A. A. Lacis, J. Lerner, K.-W. Lo, R. L. Miller, L. S. Nazarenko, V. Oinas, J. Perlwitz, D. Rind, A. Romanou, G. L. Russell, M. Sato, D. T. Shindell, P. H. Stone, S. Sun, N. L. Tausnev, D. Thresher, and M.-S. Yao. 2006. Present-Day Atmospheric Simulations Using GISS ModelE: Comparison to In Situ, Satellite, and Reanalysis Data J. Climate 19 (2): 153-192 [10.1175/JCLI3612.1]
Liu, L., M. I. Mishchenko, B. Cairns, B. E. Carlson, and L. D. Travis. 2006. Modeling single-scattering properties of small cirrus particles by use of a size-shape distribution of ice spheroids and cylinders J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 101 (3): 488-497 [10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.02.040]
Liu, L., A. A. Lacis, B. E. Carlson, et al. I. V. Geogdzhayev, M. I. Mishchenko, and B. Cairns. 2006. Assessing Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE aerosol climatology using satellite and ground-based measurements: A comparison study J. Geophys. Res. 111 (D20): D20212 [10.1029/2006JD007334]
Mishchenko, M. I., B. Cairns, J. Chowdhary, et al. I. V. Geogdzhayev, L. Liu, and L. D. Travis. 2005. Remote sensing of terrestrial tropospheric aerosols from aircraft and satellites J Phys Conf Series 6 73-89 [10.1088/1742-6596/6/1/005]
Hansen, J. E., M. Sato, R. A. Ruedy, et al. L. S. Nazarenko, A. A. Lacis, G. A. Schmidt, G. L. Russell, I. Aleinov, M. P. Bauer, S. E. Bauer, N. Bell, B. Cairns, V. M. Canuto, M. A. Chandler, Y.-B. Cheng, A. Del Genio, G. S. Faluvegi, E. Fleming, A. Friend, T. M. Hall, C. Jackman, M. Kelley, N. Y. Kiang, D. Koch, J. Lean, J. Lerner, K.-W. Lo, S. Menon, R. L. Miller, P. Minnis, T. Novakov, V. Oinas, J. Perlwitz, D. Rind, A. Romanou, D. T. Shindell, P. Stone, S. Sun, N. L. Tausnev, D. Thresher, B. Wielicki, T. Wong, M.-S. Yao, and S. Zhang. 2005. Efficacy of climate forcings J. Geophys. Res. 110 (D18): D18104 [10.1029/2005JD005776]
Chowdhary, J., B. Cairns, M. I. Mishchenko, et al. P. V. Hobbs, G. F. Cota, J. Redemann, K. Rutledge, B. Holben, and E. Russell. 2005. Retrieval of Aerosol Scattering and Absorption Properties from Photopolarimetric Observations over the Ocean during the CLAMS Experiment J. Atmos. Sci. 62 (4): 1093-1117 [10.1175/JAS3389.1]
Alexandrov, M. D., B. E. Carlson, A. A. Lacis, and B. Cairns. 2005. Separation of fine and coarse aerosol modes in MFRSR data sets J. Geophys. Res. 110 (D13): D13204 [10.1029/2004JD005226]
Hansen, J. E., T. Bond, B. Cairns, et al. H. Gaeggler, B. Liepert, T. Novakov, and B. Schichtel. 2004. Carbonaceous aerosols in the industrial era Eos, Trans Amer Geophys Union 85 (25): 241-244 [10.1029/2004EO250001]
Mishchenko, M. I., B. Cairns, J. E. Hansen, et al. L. D. Travis, R. Burg, Y. J. Kaufman, J. V. Martins, and E. P. Shettle. 2004. Monitoring of aerosol forcing of climate from space: Analysis of measurement requirements J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 88 (1-3): 149-161 [10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.03.030]
Alexandrov, M. D., A. Marshak, B. Cairns, A. A. Lacis, and B. E. Carlson. 2004. Automated cloud screening algorithm for MFRSR data Geophys Res Lett 31 (4): L04118 [10.1029/2003GL019105]
Alexandrov, M. D., A. Marshak, B. Cairns, A. A. Lacis, and B. E. Carlson. 2004. Scaling properties of aerosol optical thickness retrieved from ground-based measurements J Atmos Sci 61 1024-1039.
Mishchenko, M., B. Cairns, J. Hansen, et al. L. Travis, R. Burg, Y. Kaufman, J. Martins, and E. Shettle. 2004. Monitoring of aerosol forcing from space: analysis of measurement requirements J Quant Spectros& Rad Trans 88 149-161
Cairns, B., B. E. Carlson, R. Ying, A. A. Lacis, and V. Oinas. 2003. Atmospheric correction and its application to an analysis of Hyperion data IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 41 (6): 1232-1245 [10.1109/TGRS.2003.813134]
Chowdhary, J., B. Cairns, and L. D. Travis. 2002. Case studies of aerosol retrievals over the ocean from multiangle, multispectral photopolarimetric remote sensing data J Atmos Sci 59 (3): 383-397 [10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0383:CSOARO>2.0.CO;2]
Geogdzhayev, I. V., M. I. Mishchenko, W. B. Rossow, B. Cairns, and A. A. Lacis. 2002. Global two-channel AVHRR retrievals of aerosol properties over the ocean for the period of NOAA-9 observations and preliminary retrievals using NOAA-7 and NOAA-11 data J Atmos Sci 59 262-278.
Rossow, W. B., C. Delo, and B. Cairns. 2002. Implications of the observed mesoscale variations of clouds for the Earth's radiation budget J Climate 15 557-585.
Alexandrov, M. D., A. A. Lacis, B. E. Carlson, and B. Cairns. 2002. Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols and trace gases by means of multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer. Part I: Retrieval algorithms J Atmos Sci 59 524-543.
Alexandrov, M. D., A. A. Lacis, B. E. Carlson, and B. Cairns. 2002. Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols and trace gases by means of multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer. Part II: Climatological applications J Atmos Sci 59 544-566.
Chowdhary, J., B. Cairns, M. Mishchenko, and L. Travis. 2001. Retrieval of aerosol properties over the ocean using multispectral and multiangle Photopolarimetric measurements from the Research Scanning Polarimeter Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 (2): 243-246 [10.1029/2000GL011783]
Cairns, B., A. A. Lacis, and B. E. Carlson. 2000. Absorption within inhomogeneous clouds and its parameterization in general circulation models J Atmos Sci 57 (5): 700-714 [10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<0700:AWICAI>2.0.CO;2]
Mishchenko, M. I., I. V. Geogdzhayev, B. Cairns, W. B. Rossow, and A. A. Lacis. 1999. Aerosol retrievals over the ocean by use of channels 1 and 2 AVHRR data: sensitivity analysis and preliminary results Applied Optics 38 (36): 7325-7341 [10.1364/AO.38.007325]
Lacis, A. A., J. Chowdhary, M. I. Mishchenko, and B. Cairns. 1998. Modeling errors in diffuse-sky radiation: Vector <i>vs</i> scalar treatment Geophysical Research Letters 25 (2): 135-138 [10.1029/97GL03613]
Mishchenko, M. I., L. D. Travis, W. B. Rossow, et al. B. Cairns, B. E. Carlson, and Q. Han. 1997. Retrieving CCN column density from single-channel measurements of reflected sunlight over the ocean: A sensitivity study Geophysical Research Letters 24 (21): 2655-2658 [10.1029/97GL02783]
Hansen, J., M. Sato, R. Ruedy, et al. A. Lacis, K. Asamoah, K. Beckford, S. Borenstein, E. Brown, B. Cairns, B. Carlson, B. Curran, S. de Castro, L. Druyan, P. Etwarrow, T. Ferede, M. Fox, D. Gaffen, J. Glascoe, H. Gordon, S. Hollandsworth, X. Jiang, C. Johnson, N. Lawrence, J. Lean, J. Lerner, K. Lo, J. Logan, A. Luckett, M. P. McCormick, R. McPeters, R. L. Miller, P. Minnis, I. Ramberran, G. Russell, P. Russell, P. Stone, I. Tegen, S. Thomas, L. Thomason, A. Thompson, J. Wilder, R. Willson, and J. Zawodny. 1997. Forcings and chaos in interannual to decadal climate change J. Geophys. Res. 102 (D22): 25679-25720 [10.1029/97JD01495]
Macke, A., M. I. Mishchenko, and B. Cairns. 1996. The influence of inclusions on light scattering by large ice particles J. Geophys. Res. 101 (D18): 23311-23316 [10.1029/96JD02364]
Rossow, W. B., and B. Cairns. 1995. Monitoring changes of clouds Climatic Change 31 (2-4): 305-347 [10.1007/BF01095151]
Hansen, J., W. Rossow, B. Carlson, et al. A. Lacis, L. Travis, A. Del Genio, I. Fung, B. Cairns, M. Mishchenko, and I. Sato. 1995. Low-cost long-term monitoring of global climate forcings and feedbacks Climatic Change 31 (2-4): 247-271 [10.1007/BF01095149]
Fischer, D. G., and B. Cairns. 1995. Inverse Problems with Quasihomogeneous Random Media Utilizing Scattered Pulses Journal of Modern Optics 42 (3): 655-666 [10.1080/09500349514550601]
Cairns, B. 1995. Diurnal variations of cloud from ISCCP data Atmospheric Research 37 (1-3): 133-146 [10.1016/0169-8095(94)00074-N]
Cairns, B., and J. T. Foley. 1993. Contribution of the second-order Born approximation to the scattered intensity Opt Comm 101 (3–4): 144-150 [10.1016/0030-4018(93)90356-A]
Talks, Presentations and Posters
Invited
Polarimetric Remote Sensing of Aerosols and Clouds
August 3, 2014
EUMETSAT is currently developing a polarimetric sensor for the Meteosat Second Generation platform called 3MI. Dr. Cairns was invited to talk about his experience with the airborne Research Scanning Polarimeter and any lessons learned in the development of the Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor that might have value in their acquistion of 3MI.
Other
Selected Public Outreach
Glory Project Outreach Team
April 2007 - 2009
RHG Exceptional Achievement Outreach Team award.
A Polarizing View of Clouds and Aerosols
2011 - 2011
Spoke at Desert Research Institute and Pyramid Lake High School on climate and what we can learn from polarimetric remote sensing.
A handheld polarimeter for aerosol remote sensing
April 2007 - Present
Work with Professor Jame Frost of Laguardia Community College to develop and build hand held polarimeters and analyse the measurements obtained with the hand held instruments. Students build the instruments, take the measurements and perform the analysis giving them a complete view of what is required of a scientific measurement.