Andrew S. Ackerman

Tornow, F., A. S. Ackerman, A. M. Fridlind, et al. G. Tselioudis, B. Cairns, D. Painemal, and G. Elsaesser. 2023. On the impact of a dry intrusion driving cloud-regime transitions in a midlatitude cold-air outbreak Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences [10.1175/jas-d-23-0040.1]

Knopf, D. A., I. Silber, N. Riemer, A. M. Fridlind, and A. S. Ackerman. 2023. A 1D Model for Nucleation of Ice From Aerosol Particles: An Application to a Mixed‐Phase Arctic Stratus Cloud Layer Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15 (10): [10.1029/2023ms003663]

Stanford, M. W., A. M. Fridlind, I. Silber, et al. A. S. Ackerman, G. Cesana, J. Mülmenstädt, A. Protat, S. Alexander, and A. McDonald. 2023. Earth-system-model evaluation of cloud and precipitation occurrence for supercooled and warm clouds over the Southern Ocean's Macquarie Island Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23 (16): 9037-9069 [10.5194/acp-23-9037-2023]

Painemal, D., S. Chellappan, W. L. Smith, et al. D. Spangenberg, J. M. Park, A. Ackerman, J. Chen, E. Crosbie, R. Ferrare, J. Hair, S. Kirschler, X. Li, A. McComiskey, R. H. Moore, K. Sanchez, A. Sorooshian, F. Tornow, C. Voigt, H. Wang, E. Winstead, X. Zeng, L. Ziemba, and P. Zuidema. 2023. Wintertime synoptic patterns of midlatitude boundary layer clouds over the western North Atlantic: Climatology and insights from in‐situ ACTIVATE observations Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres [10.1029/2022jd037725]

Cesana, G. V., A. S. Ackerman, N. Črnivec, R. Pincus, and H. Chepfer. 2023. An observation-based method to assess tropical stratocumulus and shallow cumulus clouds and feedbacks in CMIP6 and CMIP5 models Environmental Research Communications 5 (4): 045001 [10.1088/2515-7620/acc78a]

Alexandrov, M. D., A. Marshak, B. Cairns, and A. S. Ackerman. 2022. Markovian Statistical Model of Cloud Optical Thickness. Part I: Theory and Examples Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 79 (12): 3315-3332 [10.1175/jas-d-22-0125.1]

Diamond, M. S., P. E. Saide, P. Zuidema, et al. A. S. Ackerman, S. J. Doherty, A. M. Fridlind, H. Gordon, C. Howes, J. Kazil, T. Yamaguchi, J. Zhang, G. Feingold, and R. Wood. 2022. Cloud adjustments from large-scale smoke–circulation interactions strongly modulate the southeastern Atlantic stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22 (18): 12113-12151 [10.5194/acp-22-12113-2022]

Tornow, F., A. S. Ackerman, A. M. Fridlind, et al. B. Cairns, E. C. Crosbie, S. Kirschler, R. H. Moore, D. Painemal, C. E. Robinson, C. Seethala, M. A. Shook, C. Voigt, E. L. Winstead, L. D. Ziemba, P. Zuidema, and A. Sorooshian. 2022. Dilution of Boundary Layer Cloud Condensation Nucleus Concentrations by Free Tropospheric Entrainment During Marine Cold Air Outbreaks Geophysical Research Letters 49 (11): [10.1029/2022gl098444]

Nazarenko, L. S., N. Tausnev, G. L. Russell, et al. D. Rind, R. L. Miller, G. A. Schmidt, S. E. Bauer, M. Kelley, R. Ruedy, A. S. Ackerman, I. Aleinov, M. Bauer, R. Bleck, V. Canuto, G. Cesana, Y. Cheng, T. L. Clune, B. I. Cook, C. A. Cruz, A. D. Genio, G. S. Elsaesser, G. Faluvegi, N. Y. Kiang, D. Kim, A. A. Lacis, A. Leboissetier, A. N. LeGrande, K. K. Lo, J. Marshall, E. E. Matthews, S. McDermid, K. Mezuman, L. T. Murray, V. Oinas, C. Orbe, C. P. García‐Pando, J. P. Perlwitz, M. J. Puma, A. Romanou, D. T. Shindell, S. Sun, K. Tsigaridis, G. Tselioudis, E. Weng, J. Wu, and M. Yao. 2022. Future Climate Change under SSP Emission Scenarios with GISS‐E2.1 Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems [10.1029/2021ms002871]

Silber, I., R. C. Jackson, A. M. Fridlind, et al. A. S. Ackerman, S. Collis, J. Verlinde, and J. Ding. 2022. The Earth Model Column Collaboratory (EMC2) v1.1: An open-source ground-based lidar and radar instrument simulator and subcolumn generator for large-scale models Geoscientific Model Development 15 (2): 901-927 [10.5194/gmd-15-901-2022]

Cesana, G. V., A. S. Ackerman, A. M. Fridlind, I. Silber, and M. Kelley. 2021. Snow Reconciles Observed and Simulated Phase Partitioning and Increases Cloud Feedback Geophysical Research Letters 48 (20): [10.1029/2021gl094876]

Tornow, F., A. S. Ackerman, and A. M. Fridlind. 2021. Preconditioning of overcast-to-broken cloud transitions by riming in marine cold air outbreaks Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21 (15): 12049-12067 [10.5194/acp-21-12049-2021]

Marshak, A., A. Ackerman, A. Da Silva, et al. T. Eck, B. Holben, R. Kahn, R. Kleidman, K. Knobelspiesse, R. C. Levy, A. Lyapustin, L. Oreopoulos, L. Remer, O. Torres, T. Varnai, G. Wen, and J. Yorks. 2021. Aerosol properties in cloudy environments from remote sensing observations: a review of the current state of knowledge Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 1-57 [10.1175/bams-d-20-0225.1]

Silber, I., A. M. Fridlind, J. Verlinde, et al. A. S. Ackerman, G. V. Cesana, and D. A. Knopf. 2021. The prevalence of precipitation from polar supercooled clouds Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21 (5): 3949-3971 [10.5194/acp-21-3949-2021]

Lee, H., A. M. Fridlind, and A. S. Ackerman. 2021. An evaluation of size-resolved cloud microphysics scheme numerics for use with radar observations Part II: Condensation and evaporation Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences [10.1175/jas-d-20-0213.1]

Redemann, J., R. Wood, P. Zuidema, et al. S. J. Doherty, B. Luna, S. E. LeBlanc, M. S. Diamond, Y. Shinozuka, I. Y. Chang, R. Ueyama, L. Pfister, J.-M. Ryoo, A. N. Dobracki, A. M. da Silva, K. M. Longo, M. S. Kacenelenbogen, C. J. Flynn, K. Pistone, N. M. Knox, S. J. Piketh, J. M. Haywood, P. Formenti, M. Mallet, P. Stier, A. S. Ackerman, S. E. Bauer, A. M. Fridlind, G. R. Carmichael, P. E. Saide, G. A. Ferrada, S. G. Howell, S. Freitag, B. Cairns, B. N. Holben, K. D. Knobelspiesse, S. Tanelli, T. S. L'Ecuyer, A. M. Dzambo, O. O. Sy, G. M. McFarquhar, M. R. Poellot, S. Gupta, J. R. O'Brien, A. Nenes, M. E. Kacarab, J. P. Wong, J. D. Small-Griswold, K. L. Thornhill, D. Noone, J. R. Podolske, K. S. Schmidt, P. Pilewskie, H. Chen, S. P. Cochrane, A. J. Sedlacek, T. J. Lang, E. Stith, M. Segal-Rozenhaimer, R. A. Ferrare, S. P. Burton, C. A. Hostetler, D. J. Diner, S. E. Platnick, J. S. Myers, K. G. Meyer, D. A. Spangenberg, H. Maring, and L. Gao. 2021. An overview of the ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) project: aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in the Southeast Atlantic basin Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics [10.5194/acp-21-1507-2021]

Miller, R. L., G. A. Schmidt, L. Nazarenko, et al. S. E. Bauer, M. Kelley, R. Ruedy, G. L. Russell, A. Ackerman, I. Aleinov, M. Bauer, R. Bleck, V. Canuto, G. Cesana, Y. Cheng, T. L. Clune, B. Cook, C. A. Cruz, A. D. Del Genio, G. S. Elsaesser, G. Faluvegi, N. Y. Kiang, D. Kim, A. A. Lacis, A. Leboissetier, A. N. LeGrande, K. K. Lo, J. Marshall, E. E. Matthews, S. McDermid, K. Mezuman, L. T. Murray, V. Oinas, C. Orbe, C. P. García‐Pando, J. P. Perlwitz, M. J. Puma, D. Rind, A. Romanou, D. T. Shindell, S. Sun, N. Tausnev, K. Tsigaridis, G. Tselioudis, E. Weng, J. Wu, and M. Yao. 2021. CMIP6 Historical Simulations (1850‐2014) with GISS‐E2.1 Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 13 e2019MS002034 [10.1029/2019ms002034]

Kelley, M., G. A. Schmidt, L. S. Nazarenko, et al. S. E. Bauer, R. Ruedy, G. L. Russell, A. S. Ackerman, I. Aleinov, M. Bauer, R. Bleck, V. Canuto, G. Cesana, Y. Cheng, T. L. Clune, B. I. Cook, C. A. Cruz, A. D. Del Genio, G. S. Elsaesser, G. Faluvegi, N. Y. Kiang, D. Kim, A. A. Lacis, A. Leboissetier, A. N. LeGrande, K. K. Lo, J. Marshall, E. E. Matthews, S. McDermid, K. Mezuman, R. L. Miller, L. T. Murray, V. Oinas, C. Orbe, C. P. García‐Pando, J. P. Perlwitz, M. J. Puma, D. Rind, A. Romanou, D. T. Shindell, S. Sun, N. Tausnev, K. Tsigaridis, G. Tselioudis, E. Weng, J. Wu, and M. Yao. 2020. GISS‐E2.1: Configurations and Climatology Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 12 (8): [10.1029/2019ms002025]

Cheng, Y., V. M. Canuto, A. M. Howard, et al. A. S. Ackerman, M. Kelley, A. M. Fridlind, G. A. Schmidt, M. S. Yao, A. Del Genio, and G. S. Elsaesser. 2020. A Second-Order Closure Turbulence Model: New Heat Flux Equations and No Critical Richardson Number Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77 (8): 2743-2759 [10.1175/jas-d-19-0240.1]

Alexandrov, M. D., D. J. Miller, C. Rajapakshe, et al. A. Fridlind, B. van Diedenhoven, B. Cairns, A. S. Ackerman, and Z. Zhang. 2020. Vertical profiles of droplet size distributions derived from cloud-side observations by the research scanning polarimeter: Tests on simulated data Atmospheric Research 239 104924 [10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.104924]

Silber, I., A. M. Fridlind, J. Verlinde, L. M. Russell, and A. S. Ackerman. 2020. Nonturbulent Liquid‐Bearing Polar Clouds: Observed Frequency of Occurrence and Simulated Sensitivity to Gravity Waves Geophysical Research Letters 47 (10): [10.1029/2020gl087099]

Van Diedenhoven, B., A. S. Ackerman, A. M. Fridlind, B. Cairns, and J. Riedi. 2020. Global Statistics of Ice Microphysical and Optical Properties at Tops of Optically Thick Ice Clouds Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 125 (6): e2019JD031811 [10.1029/2019jd031811]

Korolev, A., I. Heckman, M. Wolde, et al. A. S. Ackerman, A. M. Fridlind, L. A. Ladino, R. P. Lawson, J. Milbrandt, and E. Williams. 2020. A new look at the environmental conditions favorable to secondary ice production Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20 (3): 1391-1429 [10.5194/acp-20-1391-2020]

Silber, I., A. M. Fridlind, J. Verlinde, et al. A. S. Ackerman, Y. Chen, D. H. Bromwich, S. Wang, M. Cadeddu, and E. W. Eloranta. 2019. Persistent Supercooled Drizzle at Temperatures Below −25 °C Observed at McMurdo Station, Antarctica Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124 (20): 10878-10895 [10.1029/2019jd030882]

Cesana, G., A. D. Del Genio, A. S. Ackerman, et al. M. Kelley, G. Elsaesser, A. M. Fridlind, Y. Cheng, and M.-S. Yao. 2019. Evaluating models' response of tropical low clouds to SST forcings using CALIPSO observations Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19 (5): 2813-2832 [10.5194/acp-19-2813-2019]

Lee, H., A. M. Fridlind, and A. S. Ackerman. 2019. An Evaluation of Size-Resolved Cloud Microphysics Scheme Numerics for Use with Radar Observations. Part I: Collision–Coalescence Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 76 (1): 247-263 [10.1175/jas-d-18-0174.1]

Lamer, K., A. M. Fridlind, A. S. Ackerman, et al. P. Kollias, E. E. Clothiaux, and M. Kelley. 2018. (GO)<sup>2</sup>-SIM: a GCM-oriented ground-observation forward-simulator framework for objective evaluation of cloud and precipitation phase Geoscientific Model Development 11 (10): 4195-4214 [10.5194/gmd-11-4195-2018]

Chen, Y.-S., J. Verlinde, E. E. Clothiaux, et al. A. S. Ackerman, A. M. Fridlind, M. Chamecki, P. Kollias, M. P. Kirkpatrick, B.-C. Chen, G. Yu, and A. Avramov. 2018. On the Forward Modeling of Radar Doppler Spectrum Width From LES: Implications for Model Evaluation Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123 (14): 7444-7461 [10.1029/2017jd028104]

Miller, D. J., Z. Zhang, S. Platnick, et al. A. S. Ackerman, F. Werner, C. Cornet, and K. Knobelspiesse. 2018. Comparisons of bispectral and polarimetric retrievals of marine boundary layer cloud microphysics: case studies using a LES–satellite retrieval simulator Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11 (6): 3689-3715 [10.5194/amt-11-3689-2018]

Grosvenor, D. P., O. Sourdeval, P. Zuidema, et al. A. Ackerman, M. D. Alexandrov, R. Bennartz, R. Boers, B. Cairns, J. C. Chiu, M. Christensen, H. Deneke, M. Diamond, G. Feingold, A. Fridlind, A. Hünerbein, C. Knist, P. Kollias, A. Marshak, D. McCoy, D. Merk, D. Painemal, J. Rausch, D. Rosenfeld, H. Russchenberg, P. Seifert, K. Sinclair, P. Stier, B. van Diedenhoven, M. Wendisch, F. Werner, R. Wood, Z. Zhang, and J. Quaas. 2018. Remote Sensing of Droplet Number Concentration in Warm Clouds: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives Reviews of Geophysics 56 (2): 409-453 [10.1029/2017rg000593]

Zhou, X., A. S. Ackerman, A. M. Fridlind, and P. Kollias. 2018. Simulation of mesoscale cellular convection in marine stratocumulus. Part I: Drizzling conditions Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences JAS-D-17-0070.1 [10.1175/jas-d-17-0070.1]

Fridlind, A. M., and A. S. Ackerman. 2018. Simulations of Arctic Mixed-Phase Boundary Layer Clouds: Advances in Understanding and Outstanding Questions Mixed-Phase Clouds 153-183 [10.1016/b978-0-12-810549-8.00007-6]

Rémillard, J., A. M. Fridlind, A. S. Ackerman, et al. G. Tselioudis, P. Kollias, D. B. Mechem, H. E. Chandler, E. Luke, R. Wood, M. K. Witte, P. Y. Chuang, and J. K. Ayers. 2017. Use of Cloud Radar Doppler Spectra to Evaluate Stratocumulus Drizzle Size Distributions in Large-Eddy Simulations with Size-Resolved Microphysics Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56 (12): 3263-3283 [10.1175/jamc-d-17-0100.1]

Zhou, X., A. S. Ackerman, A. M. Fridlind, R. Wood, and P. Kollias. 2017. Impacts of solar-absorbing aerosol layers on the transition of stratocumulus to trade cumulus clouds Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17 (20): 12725-12742 [10.5194/acp-17-12725-2017]

Neggers, R. A., A. S. Ackerman, W. M. Angevine, et al. E. Bazile, I. Beau, P. N. Blossey, I. A. Boutle, C. de Bruijn, A. Cheng, J. van der Dussen, J. Fletcher, S. Dal Gesso, A. Jam, H. Kawai, S. K. Cheedela, V. E. Larson, M.-P. Lefebvre, A. P. Lock, N. R. Meyer, S. R. de Roode, W. de Rooy, I. Sandu, H. Xiao, and K.-M. Xu. 2017. Single-Column Model Simulations of Subtropical Marine Boundary-Layer Cloud Transitions Under Weakening Inversions Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 9 (6): 2385-2412 [10.1002/2017ms001064]

Fridlind, A. M., X. Li, D. Wu, et al. M. van Lier-Walqui, A. S. Ackerman, W.-K. Tao, G. M. McFarquhar, W. Wu, X. Dong, J. Wang, A. Ryzhkov, P. Zhang, M. R. Poellot, A. Neumann, and J. M. Tomlinson. 2017. Derivation of aerosol profiles for MC3E convection studies and use in simulations of the 20 May squall line case Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17 (9): 5947-5972 [10.5194/acp-17-5947-2017]

Ladino, L. A., A. Korolev, I. Heckman, et al. M. Wolde, A. M. Fridlind, and A. S. Ackerman. 2017. On the role of ice-nucleating aerosol in the formation of ice particles in tropical mesoscale convective systems Geophysical Research Letters 44 (3): 1574-1582 [10.1002/2016gl072455]

Pithan, F., A. Ackerman, W. M. Angevine, et al. K. Hartung, L. Ickes, M. Kelley, B. Medeiros, I. Sandu, G.-J. Steeneveld, H. A. Sterk, G. Svensson, P. A. Vaillancourt, and A. Zadra. 2016. Select strengths and biases of models in representing the Arctic winter boundary layer over sea ice: the Larcform 1 single column model intercomparison Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 8 (3): 1345-1357 [10.1002/2016ms000630]

Alexandrov, M. D., B. Cairns, B. van Diedenhoven, et al. A. S. Ackerman, A. P. Wasilewski, M. J. McGill, J. E. Yorks, D. L. Hlavka, S. E. Platnick, and G. T. Arnold. 2016. Polarized view of supercooled liquid water clouds Remote Sensing of Environment 181 96-110 [10.1016/j.rse.2016.04.002]

Zhang, Z., F. Werner, H.-M. Cho, et al. G. Wind, S. Platnick, A. S. Ackerman, L. Di Girolamo, A. Marshak, and K. Meyer. 2016. A framework based on 2-D Taylor expansion for quantifying the impacts of subpixel reflectance variance and covariance on cloud optical thickness and effective radius retrievals based on the bispectral method Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 121 (12): 7007-7025 [10.1002/2016jd024837]

Fridlind, A. M., R. Atlas, B. van Diedenhoven, et al. J. Um, G. M. McFarquhar, A. S. Ackerman, E. J. Moyer, and R. P. Lawson. 2016. Derivation of physical and optical properties of mid-latitude cirrus ice crystals for a size-resolved cloud microphysics model Atmos. Chem. Phys. 16 (11): 7251-7283 [10.5194/acp-16-7251-2016]

de Roode, S. R., I. Sandu, J. J. van der Dussen, et al. A. S. Ackerman, P. Blossey, D. Jarecka, A. Lock, A. P. Siebesma, and B. Stevens. 2016. Large-Eddy Simulations of EUCLIPSE–GASS Lagrangian Stratocumulus-to-Cumulus Transitions: Mean State, Turbulence, and Decoupling Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73 (6): 2485-2508 [10.1175/jas-d-15-0215.1]

van Diedenhoven, B., A. M. Fridlind, B. Cairns, A. S. Ackerman, and J. E. Yorks. 2016. Vertical variation of ice particle size in convective cloud tops Geophysical Research Letters 43 (9): 4586-4593 [10.1002/2016gl068548]

Miller, D. J., Z. Zhang, A. S. Ackerman, S. Platnick, and B. A. Baum. 2016. The impact of cloud vertical profile on liquid water path retrieval based on the bispectral method: A theoretical study based on large-eddy simulations of shallow marine boundary layer clouds Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 121 (8): 4122-4141 [10.1002/2015jd024322]

Alexandrov, M. D., B. Cairns, C. Emde, et al. A. S. Ackerman, M. Ottaviani, and A. P. Wasilewski. 2016. Derivation of cumulus cloud dimensions and shape from the airborne measurements by the Research Scanning Polarimeter Remote Sensing of Environment 177 144-152 [10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.032]

van Lier-Walqui, M., A. M. Fridlind, A. S. Ackerman, et al. S. Collis, J. Helmus, D. R. MacGorman, K. North, P. Kollias, and D. J. Posselt. 2016. On polarimetric radar signatures of deep convection for model evaluation: Columns of specific differential phase observed during MC3E* Monthly Weather Review 144 (2): 737-758 [10.1175/mwr-d-15-0100.1]

van Diedenhoven, B., A. S. Ackerman, A. M. Fridlind, and B. Cairns. 2016. On averaging aspect ratios and distortion parameters over ice crystal population ensembles for estimating effective scattering asymmetry parameters Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73 (2): 775-787 [10.1175/jas-d-15-0150.1]

Pincus, R., E. J. Mlawer, L. Oreopoulos, et al. A. S. Ackerman, S. Baek, M. Brath, S. A. Buelhler, K. E. Cady-Pereira, J. N. Cole, J.-L. Dufresne, M. Kelley, J. Li, J. Manners, D. J. Paynter, R. Roehrig, M. Sekiguchi, and M. D. Schwarzkopf. 2015. Radiative flux and forcing parameterization error in aerosol-free clear skies Geophys. Res. Lett 42 (13): 5485-5492 [10.1002/2015GL064291]

Endo, S., A. M. Fridlind, W. Lin, et al. A. M. Vogelmann, T. Toto, A. S. Ackerman, G. M. McFarquhar, R. C. Jackson, H. H. Jonsson, and Y. Liu. 2015. RACORO continental boundary layer cloud investigations: 2. Large-eddy simulations of cumulus clouds and evaluation with in situ and ground-based observations J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 120 (12): 5993-6014 [10.1002/2014jd022525]

Vogelmann, A. M., A. M. Fridlind, T. Toto, et al. S. Endo, W. Lin, J. Wang, S. Feng, Y. Zhang, D. D. Turner, Y. Liu, Z. Li, S. Xie, A. S. Ackerman, M. Zhang, and M. Khairoutdinov. 2015. RACORO continental boundary layer cloud investigations: 1. Case study development and ensemble large-scale forcings J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 120 (12): 5962-5992 [10.1002/2014jd022713]

Cho, H.-M., Z. Zhang, K. G. Meyer, et al. M. Lebsock, S. E. Platnick, A. S. Ackerman, L. Di Girolamo, L. C. Labonnote, C. Cornet, J. Riedi, and R. E. Holz. 2015. Frequency and causes of failed MODIS cloud property retrievals for liquid phase clouds over global oceans J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos 120 (9): 4132-4154 [10.1002/2015JD023161]

Smith Mrowiec, A. A., O. M. Pauluis, A. M. Fridlind, and A. S. Ackerman. 2015. Properties of a mesoscale convective system in the context of an isentropic analysis J. Atmos. Sci. 72 (5): 1945-1962 [10.1175/JAS-D-14-0139.1]

Ackerman, A. S., A. M. Fridlind, A. Grandlin, et al. F. Dezitter, M. Weber, J. W. Strapp, and A. Korolev. 2015. High ice water content at low radar reflectivity near deep convection -- Part 2. Evaluation of microphysical pathways in updraft parcel simulations Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15 11729-11751 [10.5194/acp-15-11729-2015]

Fridlind, A. M., A. S. Ackerman, A. Grandlin, et al. F. Dezitter, M. Weber, J. W. Strapp, and A. Korolev. 2015. High ice water content at low radar reflectivity near deep convection -- Part 1. Consistency of in situ and remote-sensing observations with stratiform rain column simulations Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15 11713-11728 [10.5194/acp-15-11713-2015]

Alexandrov, M. D., B. Cairns, A. P. Wasilewski, et al. A. S. Ackerman, M. J. McGill, J. E. Yorks, J. E. Hlavka, S. E. Platnick, G. T. Arnold, B. van Diedenhoven, J. Chowdhary, M. Ottaviani, and K. D. Knobelspiesse. 2015. Liquid water cloud properties during the Polarimeter Definition Experiment (PODEX) Remote Sens. Environ. 169 20-36 [doi:10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.029]

van Diedenhoven, B., A. M. Fridlind, B. Cairns, and A. S. Ackerman. 2014. Variation of ice crystal size, shape and asymmetry parameter in tops of tropical deep convective clouds J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 119 (20): 11809-11825 [doi:10.1002/2014JD022385]

Van Diedenhoven, B., A. S. Ackerman, B. Cairns, and A. M. Fridlind. 2014. A Flexible Parameterization for Shortwave Optical Properties of Ice Crystals J. Atmos. Sci. 71 (5): 1763-1782 [10.1175/JAS-D-13-0205.1]

Ovchinnikov, M., A. S. Ackerman, A. Avramov, et al. A. Cheng, J. Fan, A. M. Fridlind, S. Ghan, J. Harrington, C. Hoose, A. Korolev, G. M. McFarquhar, H. Morrison, M. Paukert, J. Savre, B. J. Shipway, M. D. Shupe, A. Solomon, and K. Sulia. 2014. Intercomparison of large-eddy simulations of Arctic mixed-phase clouds: Importance of ice size distribution assumptions J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 6 (1): 223-248 [10.1002/2013MS000282]

Marley, M. S., A. S. Ackerman, J. N. Cuzzi, and D. Kitzmann. 2013. Clouds and Hazes in Exoplanet Atmospheres Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planets [10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816530595-ch015]

Van der Dussen, J. J., S. R. de Roode, A. S. Ackerman, et al. P. N. Blossey, C. S. Bretherton, M. J. Kurowski, A. P. Lock, R. A. Neggers, I. Sandu, and A. P. Siebesma. 2013. The GASS/EUCLIPSE model intercomparison of the stratocumulus transition as observed during ASTEX: LES results J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 5 483-499 [10.1002/10.1002/jame.20033]

van Diedenhoven, B., B. Cairns, A. M. Fridlind, A. S. Ackerman, and T. J. Garrett. 2013. Remote sensing of ice crystal asymmetry parameter using multi-directional polarization measurements – Part 2: Application to the Research Scanning Polarimeter Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13 (6): 3185-3203 [10.5194/acp-13-3185-2013]

van Diedenhoven, B., A. M. Fridlind, A. S. Ackerman, and B. Cairns. 2012. Evaluation of Hydrometeor Phase and Ice Properties in Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations of Tropical Deep Convection Using Radiance and Polarization Measurements J Atmos Sci 69 (11): 3290-3314 [10.1175/JAS-D-11-0314.1]

Zhang, Z., A. S. Ackerman, G. Feingold, et al. S. Platnick, R. Pincus, and H. Xue. 2012. Effects of cloud horizontal inhomogeneity and drizzle on remote sensing of cloud droplet effective radius: Case studies based on large-eddy simulations J Geophys Res 117 (D19): D19208 [10.1029/2012JD017655]

van Diedenhoven, B., B. Cairns, I. V. Geogdzhayev, et al. A. M. Fridlind, A. S. Ackerman, P. Yang, and B. A. Baum. 2012. Remote sensing of ice crystal asymmetry parameter using multi-directional polarization measurements. Part I: Methodology and evaluation with simulated measurements Atmos Meas Tech 5 (10): 2361-2374 [10.5194/amt-5-2361-2012]

Smith Mrowiec, A. A., C. Rio, A. M. Fridlind, et al. A. S. Ackerman, A. Del Genio, O. M. Pauluis, A. C. Varble, and J. Fan. 2012. Analysis of cloud-resolving simulations of a tropical mesoscale convective system observed during TWP-ICE: Vertical fluxes and draft properties in convective and stratiform regions J Geophys Res 117 (D19): D19201 [10.1029/2012JD017759]

Marley, M. S., D. Daumon, M. Cushing, et al. A. S. Ackerman, J. J. Fortney, and R. Freedman. 2012. Masses, Radii, and Cloud Properties of the HR 8799 Planets Astrophys J 754 (2): 135 [10.1088/0004-637X/754/2/135]

Fridlind, A. M., B. van Diedenhoven, A. S. Ackerman, et al. A. Avramov, A. Mrowiec, H. Morrison, P. Zuidema, and M. D. Shupe. 2012. A FIRE-ACE/SHEBA Case Study of Mixed-Phase Arctic Boundary Layer Clouds: Entrainment Rate Limitations on Rapid Primary Ice Nucleation Processes J Atmos Sci 69 (1): 365-389 [10.1175/JAS-D-11-052.1]

Fridlind, A. M., A. S. Ackerman, J. P. Chaboureau, et al. J. Fan, W. W. Grabowski, A. Hill, T. R. Jones, M. M. Khaiyer, G. Liu, P. Minnis, H. Morrison, L. Nguyen, S. Park, J. C. Petch, J. P. Pinty, C. Schumacher, B. Shipway, A. C. Varble, X. Wu, S. Xie, and M. Zhang. 2012. A comparison of TWP-ICE observational data with cloud-resolving model results J. Geophys. Res. 117 (D5): D05204 [10.1029/2011JD016595]

Alexandrov, M. D., B. Cairns, C. Emde, A. S. Ackerman, and B. van Diedenhoven. 2012. Accuracy assessments of cloud droplet size retrievals from polarized reflectance measurements by the research scanning polarimeter Remote Sens Environ 125 92-111 [10.1016/j.rse.2012.07.012]

van Diedenhoven, B., A. M. Fridlind, and A. S. Ackerman. 2011. Influence of Humidified Aerosol on Lidar Depolarization Measurements below Ice-Precipitating Arctic Stratus Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50 (10): 2184-2192 [10.1175/JAMC-D-11-037.1]

VanZanten, M. C., B. B. Stevens, L. Nuijens, et al. A. P. Siebesma, A. Ackerman, F. Burnet, A. Cheng, F. Couvreux, H. Jiang, M. Khairoutdinov, Y. Kogan, D. C. Lewellen, D. Mechem, K. Nakamura, A. Noda, B. J. Shipway, J. Slawinska, S. Wang, and A. Wyszogrodzki. 2011. Controls on precipitation and cloudiness in simulations of trade-wind cumulus as observed during RICO J Adv Model Earth Syst 3 (2): M06001 [10.1029/2011MS000056]

Varble, A., A. Fridlind, E. Zipser, et al. A. Ackerman, J. Chaboureau, J. Fan, A. Hill, S. McFarlane, J. Pinty, and B. Shipway. 2011. Evaluation of cloud-resolving model intercomparison simulations using TWP-ICE observations: Precipitation and cloud structure J Geophys Res 116 (D12): D12206 [10.1029/2010JD015180]

Morrison, H., P. Zuidema, A. S. Ackerman, et al. A. Avramov, G. de Boer, J. Fan, A. M. Fridlind, T. Hashino, J. Y. Harrington, Y. Luo, M. Ovchinnikov, and B. Shipway. 2011. Intercomparison of cloud model simulations of Arctic mixed-phase boundary layer clouds observed during SHEBA/FIRE-ACE J Adv Model Earth Syst 3 (2): M06003 [10.1029/2011MS000066]

Fridlind, A. M., and A. S. Ackerman. 2011. Estimating the Sensitivity of Radiative Impacts of Shallow, Broken Marine Clouds to Boundary Layer Aerosol Size Distribution Parameter Uncertainties for Evaluation of Satellite Retrieval Requirements Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 28 (4): 530-538 [10.1175/2010JTECHA1520.1]

Botta, G., K. Aydin, J. Verlinde, et al. A. E. Avramov, A. S. Ackerman, A. M. Fridlind, G. M. McFarquhar, and M. Wolde. 2011. Millimeter wave scattering from ice crystals and their aggregates: Comparing cloud model simulations with X- and Ka-band radar measurements J. Geophys. Res. 116 D00T04 [10.1029/2011JD015909]

Avramov, A., A. S. Ackerman, A. M. Fridlind, et al. B. Van Diedenhoven, G. Botta, K. Aydin, J. Verlinde, A. V. Korolev, W. Strapp, G. M. McFarquhar, R. Jackson, S. D. Brooks, A. Glen, and M. Wolde. 2011. Toward ice formation closure in Arctic mixed-phase boundary layer clouds during ISDAC J. Geophys. Res. 116 D00T08 [10.1029/2011JD015910]

Alexandrov, M., A. Marshak, and A. S. Ackerman. 2010. Cellular Statistical Models of Broken Cloud Fields. Part I: Theory J Atmos Sci 67 (7): 2125-2151 [10.1175/2010JAS3364.1]

Alexandrov, M., A. Ackerman, and A. Marshak. 2010. Cellular Statistical Models of Broken Cloud Fields. Part II: Comparison with a Dynamical Model and Statistics of Diverse Ensembles J Atmos Sci 67 (7): 2152-2170 [10.1175/2010JAS3365.1]

Zinner, T., G. Wind, S. E. Platnick, and A. S. Ackerman. 2010. Testing remote sensing on artificial observations: impact of drizzle and 3-D cloud structure on effective radius retrievals Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10 (19): 9535-9549 [10.5194/acp-10-9535-2010]

van Diedenhoven, B., A. M. Fridlind, A. S. Ackerman, E. W. Eloranta, and G. M. McFarquhar. 2009. An evaluation of ice formation in large-eddy simulations of supercooled Arctic stratocumulus using ground-based lidar and cloud radar J. Geophys. Res. 114 (D10): D10203 [10.1029/2008JD011198]

Klein, S. A., R. B. McCoy, H. Morrison, et al. A. S. Ackerman, A. Avramov, G. de Boer, M. Chen, J. N. Cole, A. D. Del Genio, M. Falk, M. J. Foster, A. M. Fridlind, J. C. Golaz, T. Hashino, J. Y. Harrington, C. Hoose, M. F. Khairoutdinov, V. E. Larson, X. Liu, Y. Luo, G. M. McFarquhar, S. Menon, R. A. Neggers, S. Park, M. R. Poellot, J. M. Schmidt, I. Sednev, B. J. Shipway, M. D. Shupe, D. A. Spangenberg, Y. C. Sud, D. D. Turner, D. E. Veron, K. von Salzen, G. K. Walker, Z. Wang, A. B. Wolf, S. Xie, X. M. Xu, F. Yang, and G. Zhang. 2009. Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed-phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. I: single-layer cloud Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 135 (641): 979-1002 [10.1002/qj.416]

Ackerman, A. S., M. C. van Zanten, B. Stevens, et al. V. Savic-Jovcic, C. S. Bretherton, A. Chlond, J. G. Gloaz, H. Jiang, M. Khairoutdinov, S. K. Krueger, D. C. Lewellen, A. Lock, C. H. Moeng, K. Nakamura, M. D. Petters, J. R. Snider, S. Weinbrecht, and M. Zulauf. 2009. Large-Eddy Simulations of a Drizzling, Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer Mon. Wea. Rev. 137 (3): 1083-1110 [10.1175/2008MWR2582.1]

Sayres, D. S., J. B. Smith, J. V. Pittman, et al. E. M. Weinstock, J. G. Anderson, G. Heymsfield, L. Li, A. M. Fridlind, and A. S. Ackerman. 2008. Validation and determination of ice water content-radar reflectivity relationships during CRYSTAL-FACE: Flight requirements for future comparisons J. Geophys. Res. 113 (D5): D05208 [10.1029/2007JD008847]

Helling, C., A. Ackerman, F. Allard, et al. M. Dehn, P. Hauschildt, D. Homeier, K. Lodders, M. Marley, F. Rietmeijer, T. Tsuji, and P. Woitke. 2008. A comparison of chemistry and dust cloud formation in ultracool dwarf model atmospheres M Not Royal Astron Soc 391 (4): 1854-1873 [10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13991.x]

Barth, M. C., S.-W. Kim, C. Wang, et al. K. E. Pickering, L. E. Ott, G. Stenchikov, M. Leriche, S. Cautenet, J.-P. Pinty, C. Barthe, C. Mari, J. Helsdon, R. Farley, A. M. Fridlind, A. S. Ackerman, V. Spiridonov, and B. Telenta. 2007. Cloud-scale model intercomparison of chemical constituent transport in deep convection Atmos Chem Phys 7 4709-4731 [10.5194/acp-7-4709-2007]

Wyant, M. C., C. S. Bretherton, A. Chlond, et al. B. M. Griffin, H. Kitagawa, C. Lappen, V. E. Larson, A. Lock, S. Park, S. R. de Roose, J. Uchida, M. Zhao, and A. S. Ackerman. 2007. A single-column model intercomparison of a heavily drizzling stratocumulus-topped boundary layer J. Geophys. Res. 112 (D24): D24204 [10.1029/2007JD008536]

Senocak, I., A. S. Ackerman, M. P. Kirkpatrick, D. E. Stevens, and N. N. Mansour. 2007. Study of near-surface models for large-eddy simulations of a neutrally stratified atmospheric boundary layer Boundary-Layer Meteorology 124 (3): 405-424 [10.1007/s10546-007-9181-x]

Jensen, E. J., A. S. Ackerman, and J. A. Smith. 2007. Can overshooting convection dehydrate the tropical tropopause layer? J. Geophys. Res. 112 (D11): D11209 [10.1029/2006JD007943]

Fridlind, A. M., A. S. Ackerman, G. McFarquhar, et al. G. Zhang, M. R. Poellot, P. J. DeMott, A. J. Prenni, and A. J. Heymsfield. 2007. Ice properties of single-layer stratocumulus during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment: 2. Model results J. Geophys. Res. 112 (D24): D24202 [10.1029/2007JD008646]

Charlson, R. J., A. S. Ackerman, F. A. Bender, T. L. Anderson, and Z. Liu. 2007. On the climate forcing consequences of the albedo continuum between cloudy and clear air Tellus B 59 (4): 715-727 [10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00297.x]

Smith, J. A., A. S. Ackerman, E. J. Jensen, and O. B. Toon. 2006. Role of deep convection in establishing the isotopic composition of water vapor in the tropical transition layer Geophysical Research Letters 33 (6): L06812 [10.1029/2005GL024078]

Lopez, J. P., A. M. Fridlind, H. Jost, et al. M. Loewenstein, A. S. Ackerman, T. L. Campos, E. M. Weinstock, D. S. Sayres, J. B. Smith, J. V. Pittman, A. G. Hallar, L. M. Avallone, S. M. Davis, and R. L. Herman. 2006. CO signatures in subtropical convective clouds and anvils during CRYSTAL-FACE: An analysis of convective transport and entrainment using observations and a cloud-resolving model J. Geophys. Res. 111 (D9): D09305 [10.1029/2005JD006104]

Jensen, E. J., and A. S. Ackerman. 2006. Homogeneous aerosol freezing in the tops of high-altitude tropical cumulonimbus clouds Geophysical Research Letters 33 (8): L08802 [10.1029/2005GL024928]

Kirkpatrick, M. P., A. S. Ackerman, D. E. Stevens, and N. N. Mansour. 2006. On the Application of the Dynamic Smagorinsky Model to Large-Eddy Simulations of the Cloud-Topped Atmospheric Boundary Layer J Atmos Sci 63 (2): 526-546 [10.1175/JAS3651.1]

Stevens, B., C. Moeng, A. S. Ackerman, et al. C. S. Bretherton, A. Chlond, S. de Roode, J. Edwards, J. Golaz, H. Jiang, M. Khairoutdinov, M. P. Kirkpatrick, D. C. Lewellen, A. Lock, F. Müller, D. E. Stevens, E. Whelan, and P. Zhu. 2005. Evaluation of Large-Eddy Simulations via Observations of Nocturnal Marine Stratocumulus Mon. Weather Rev. 133 (6): 1443-1462 [10.1175/MWR2930.1]

Xueref, I., C. Cerbig, A. Fridlind, et al. J. C. Lin, S. C. Wofsy, B. C. Daube, A. S. Ackerman, J. E. Smith, D. Sayres, J. Vellovic, D. G. Baumgardner, D. Wang, E. Weinstock, A. E. Andrews, E. W. Gottlieb, and J. G. Anderson. 2004. Combining a receptor-oriented framework for tracer distributions with a cloud-resolving model to study transport in deep convective clouds: Application to the NASA CRYSTAL-FACE campaign Geophys Res Lett 31 (14): L14106 [10.1029/2004GL019811]

Ackerman, A. S., O. B. Toon, D. E. Stevens, R. Coakley, and R. Coakley. 2003. Enhancement of cloud cover and suppression of nocturnal drizzle in stratocumulus polluted by haze Geophys Res Lett 30 (7): 1381 [10.1029/2002GL016634]

Stevens, D. E., A. S. Ackerman, and C. S. Bretherton. 2002. Effects of domain size and numerical resolution on the simulation of shallow cumulus convection J Atmos Sci 59 (23): 3285-3301 [10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3285:EODSAN>2.0.CO;2]

Marley, M. S., S. Seager, D. Saumon, et al. K. Lodders, A. S. Ackerman, R. S. Freedman, and X. Fan. 2002. Clouds and Chemistry: Ultracool Dwarf Atmospheric Properties from Optical and Infrared Colors ApJ 568 (1): 335-342 [10.1086/338800]

MacFarlane, S. F., K. F. Evans, and A. S. Ackerman. 2002. A Bayesian algorithm for the retrieval of liquid water cloud properties from microwave radiometer and millimeter radar data J. Geophys. Res. 107 (D16): 4317 [10.1029/2001JD001011]

Gelino, C. R., M. S. Marley, J. A. Holtzman, A. S. Ackerman, and K. Lodders. 2002. L Dwarf Variability: I ‐Band Observations ApJ 577 (1): 433-446 [10.1086/342150]

Burgasser, A. J., M. S. Marley, A. S. Ackerman, et al. D. Saumon, K. Lodders, C. C. Dahn, H. C. Harris, and J. D. Kirkpatrick. 2002. Evidence of Cloud Disruption in the L/T Dwarf Transition The Astrophysical Journal 571 (2): L151-L154 [10.1086/341343]

Ackerman, A. S., and M. S. Marley. 2001. Precipitating Condensation Clouds in Substellar Atmospheres ApJ 556 (2): 872-884 [10.1086/321540]

Stevens, B., A. S. Ackerman, B. A. Albrecht, et al. A. R. Brown, A. Chlond, J. Cuxart, P. G. Duynkerke, D. C. Lewellen, M. K. Macvean, R. A. Neggers, E. Sanchez, A. P. Siebesma, and D. E. Stevens. 2001. Simulations of trade wind cumuli under a strong inversion J. Atmos. Sci. 58 1870-1891

Jensen, E. J., L. Pfister, A. S. Ackerman, A. Tabazadeh, and O. B. Toon. 2001. A conceptual model of the dehydration of air due to freeze-drying by optically thin, laminar cirrus rising slowly across the tropical tropopause J. Geophys. Res. 106 (D15): 17237-17252 [10.1029/2000JD900649]

Ackerman, A. S., O. B. Toon, J. P. Taylor, et al. D. W. Johnson, P. V. Hobbs, and R. J. Ferek. 2000. Effects of aerosols on cloud albedo: Evaluation of Twomey's parameterization of cloud susceptibility using measurements of ship tracks J. Atmos. Sci. 57 (16): 2684-2695 [10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2684:EOAOCA>2.0.CO;2]

Ferek, R. J., T. Garrett, P. V. Hobbs, et al. S. Strader, D. Johnson, J. P. Taylor, K. Nielsen, A. S. Ackerman, Y. Kogan, Q. Liu, B. A. Albrecht, and D. Babb. 2000. Drizzle suppression in ship tracks J Atmos Sci 57 (16): 2707-2728 [10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2707:DSIST>2.0.CO;2]

Ackerman, A. S., O. Toon, D. Stevens, et al. A. Heymsfield, V. Ramanathan, and E. J. Welton. 2000. Reduction of Tropical Cloudiness by Soot Science 288 (5468): 1042-1047 [10.1126/science.288.5468.1042]

Taylor, J. P., and A. S. Ackerman. 1999. A case-study of pronounced perturbations to cloud properties and boundary-layer dynamics due to aerosol emissions Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 125 (559): 2643-2661 [10.1256/smsqj.55914]

Jensen, E. J., A. S. Ackerman, D. E. Stevens, O. B. Toon, and P. Minnis. 1998. Spreading and growth of contrails in a sheared environment J. Geophys. Res. 103 (D24): 31,557-31,568 [10.1029/98JD02594]

Ackerman, A. S., and O. B. Toon. 1996. Unrealistic desiccation of marine stratocumulus clouds by enhanced solar absorption Nature 380 (6574): 512-515 [10.1038/380512a0]

Ackerman, A. S., P. V. Hobbs, and O. B. Toon. 1995. A model for particle microphysics, turbulent mixing, and radiative Transfer in the stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer and comparisons with measurements J. Atmos. Sci. 52 (8): 1204-1236 [10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1204:AMFPMT>2.0.CO;2]

Ackerman, A. S., O. B. Toon, and P. V. Hobbs. 1995. Numerical modeling of ship tracks produced by injections of cloud condensation nuclei into marine stratiform clouds J. Geophys. Res. 100 (D4): 7121-7133 [10.1029/95JD00026]

Radke, L. F., A. S. Ackerman, J. H. Lyons, et al. D. A. Hegg, P. V. Hobbs, and J. E. Penner. 1995. Effects of aging on the smoke from a large forest fire Atmospheric Research 38 (1-4): 315-332 [10.1016/0169-8095(95)00003-A]

Ackerman, A. S., O. B. Toon, and P. V. Hobbs. 1994. Reassessing the dependence of cloud condensation nucleus concentration on formation rate Nature 367 (6462): 445-447 [10.1038/367445a0]

Gerber, H., B. G. Arends, and A. S. Ackerman. 1994. New microphysics sensor for aircraft use Atmospheric Research 31 (4): 235-252 [10.1016/0169-8095(94)90001-9]

Ackerman, A. S., O. B. Toon, and P. V. Hobbs. 1993. Dissipation of Marine Stratiform Clouds and Collapse of the Marine Boundary Layer Due to the Depletion of Cloud Condensation Nuclei by Clouds Science 262 (5131): 226-229 [10.1126/science.262.5131.226]

Miller, D. J., Z. Zhang, S. Platnick, et al. A. S. Ackerman, F. Werner, C. Cornet, and K. Knobelspiesse. . Comparisons of bispectral and polarimetric cloud microphysical retrievals using LES-Satellite retrieval simulator Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 1-38 [10.5194/amt-2017-325]

Zhang, Z., S. Platnick, A. S. Ackerman, and H.-M. Cho. 2014. Spectral dependence of MODIS cloud droplet effective radius retrievals for marine boundary layer clouds Light Scattering Reviews 9 135-165 [10.1007/978-3-642-37985-7_4]

Fridlind, A. M., A. S. Ackerman, J. Petch, et al. P. Field, A. Hill, G. McFarquhar, S. Xie, and M. Zhang. 2010. ARM/GCSS/SPARC TWP-ICE CRM Intercomparison Study NASA-TM-2010-215858

Anderson, T. L., A. S. Ackerman, D. L. Hartmann, et al. G. A. Isaac, S. Kinne, H. Masunaga, J. R. Norris, U. Poeschl, K. S. Schmidt, A. Slingo, and Y. N. Takayabu. 2009. Temporal and spatial variability of clouds and related aerosols Clouds in the Perturbed Climate System: Their Relationship to Energy Balance, Atmospheric Dynamics, and Precipitation 127-147

Ackerman, A. S. 1985. Analysis of a systematic error in field measurements of quadrupole magnets, using the algebraic software package REDUCE DESY M-85-10