{"id":3334,"date":"2025-08-24T00:03:39","date_gmt":"2025-08-24T00:03:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/?p=3334"},"modified":"2025-08-24T00:29:25","modified_gmt":"2025-08-24T00:29:25","slug":"radiation-shielding-and-uv-protection-environmental-control","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/radiation-shielding-and-uv-protection-environmental-control\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Radiation Shielding and UV Protection&#8221; &#8211; Environmental Control"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3334\" class=\"elementor elementor-3334\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4797cf7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4797cf7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-806c3a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"806c3a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Radiation Shielding and UV Protection\" - Environmental Control<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9958353 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9958353\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3da43a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3da43a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">UV Protection Testing\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f484cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f484cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>STELLA Instrument<\/strong>: Helio-STELLA UV sensor<\/p><p><strong>NASA Connection<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/artemis\/artemis-1\/artemis-i-radiation-measurements-validate-orion-safety-for-astronauts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Artemis radiation protection systems<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/artemis\/gateway-instruments-to-improve-radiation-detection-for-artemis-astronauts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gateway habitat shielding<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/citations\/20230013240\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars surface habitat design<\/a><\/p><p><strong>Background Context:<\/strong><br \/>Mars receives significantly more harmful radiation than Earth due to its thin atmosphere and lack of magnetic field. Any Mars habitat must shield inhabitants and crops from this radiation. NASA&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/artemis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Artemis<\/a> program is developing shielding technologies for lunar habitats that will later be applied to Mars missions. Understanding which materials provide effective radiation protection while minimizing weight is a critical challenge.<\/p><p><strong>Enhanced Materials:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Helio-STELLA UV sensor<\/li><li>Variety of shielding materials (aluminum foil, plastic sheets, water containers, fabric)<\/li><li>UV-sensitive paper or beads (visual indicator)<\/li><li>Thickness measuring tools (calipers or ruler)<\/li><li>Digital scale for weighing materials<\/li><li>UV-sensitive plants (lettuce seedlings work well)<\/li><li>Safety equipment (UV-blocking glasses, protective clothing)<\/li><li>Indirect UV source (safe UV lamp with adult supervision or indirect sunlight)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Enhanced Procedure:<\/strong><\/p><ol><li><strong>Baseline Exposure<\/strong>: Measure unfiltered UV levels with Helio-STELLA at a fixed distance from source<\/li><li><strong>Material Testing<\/strong>: Place different shielding materials between the sensor and UV source<\/li><li><strong>Thickness Variation<\/strong>: Test how material thickness affects UV blocking efficiency<\/li><li><strong>Material Combinations<\/strong>: Experiment with layered materials for optimal protection<\/li><li><strong>Visual Confirmation<\/strong>: Use UV-sensitive paper behind shields to visualize protection<\/li><li><strong>Weight Efficiency<\/strong>: Calculate UV protection per gram of material<\/li><li><strong>Biological Testing<\/strong>: Place UV-sensitive plants behind different shields for 72 hours<\/li><li><strong>Long-term Exposure<\/strong>: Test durability of materials with repeated UV exposure<\/li><\/ol><p><strong>Student Inquiry Questions:<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Pre-Activity Questions:<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Why is radiation a bigger concern on Mars than on Earth?<\/li><li>What types of radiation are astronauts exposed to during space missions?<\/li><li>How does radiation damage living cells?<\/li><li>What strategies does NASA use to protect astronauts from radiation on the ISS?<\/li><li>Why is radiation shielding an important consideration for growing plants in space?<\/li><\/ol><p><strong>During-Activity Questions:<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Which materials seem most effective at blocking UV radiation?<\/li><li>How does increasing the thickness of a material affect its UV blocking ability?<\/li><li>What patterns do you notice in the relationship between material density and UV protection?<\/li><li>How might we combine different materials for optimal protection with minimal weight?<\/li><li>What does the UV-sensitive paper tell you about the effectiveness of different shields?<\/li><\/ol><p><strong>Post-Activity Analysis Questions:<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Which material provided the best UV protection per gram of weight?<\/li><li>How do your plant specimens differ after being grown behind different shields?<\/li><li>Based on your data, design an optimal radiation shield for a Mars habitat window.<\/li><li>What are the tradeoffs between complete radiation blocking and allowing visible light through for plants?<\/li><li>If astronauts on Mars will be limited to 100kg of shielding material from Earth, how would you allocate that mass based on your findings?<\/li><li>How might Martian settlers use local materials for radiation shielding?<\/li><\/ol><p><strong>Data Analysis Challenge:<\/strong> Create a &#8220;Shielding Efficiency Index&#8221; by calculating (% UV blocked \u00f7 shield mass in grams). Design a multi-layer shield using no more than 100 grams of material that blocks at least 95% of UV while allowing visible light to pass through.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e471bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1e471bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Safety First: Universal Precautions for All Activities\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68f0173 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68f0173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>General Safety Guidelines:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Adult Supervision Required<\/strong>\u00a0for all activities involving tools, electrical components, or chemical mixtures<\/li><li><strong>Safety Glasses<\/strong>\u00a0must be worn when handling powders, mixing materials, or using tools<\/li><li><strong>Gloves<\/strong>\u00a0(nitrile or latex-free) when handling soil mixtures or plant materials<\/li><li><strong>Well-Ventilated Area<\/strong>\u00a0for all activities involving powders or sprays<\/li><li><strong>Hand Washing<\/strong>\u00a0before and after all plant handling<\/li><li><strong>Emergency Procedures<\/strong>\u00a0clearly posted with nearest eyewash\/first aid locations<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Material Safety Data:<\/strong><\/p><p>All suggested materials are non-toxic and food-safe, but proper handling prevents irritation and contamination.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Students use Helio-STELLA to design lightweight radiation shields for Mars habitats, testing aluminum, water, and fabric barriers. Which materials block harmful UV while allowing light for plants to grow?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1223,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[53,15,54,39,20,33,7,85,83],"tags":[61,88,71,97,96,62],"class_list":["post-3334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-activity","category-applications","category-beginner","category-education","category-helio","category-helio-stella","category-instruments","category-plants","category-spectral","tag-education","tag-engineering","tag-heliophysics","tag-mars","tag-space","tag-stem"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>&quot;Radiation Shielding and UV Protection&quot; - Environmental Control - STELLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Activity\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/radiation-shielding-and-uv-protection-environmental-control\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"&quot;Radiation Shielding and UV Protection&quot; 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