{"id":1248,"date":"2024-01-20T23:33:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-20T23:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/?p=1248"},"modified":"2026-05-19T23:37:31","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T23:37:31","slug":"on-the-statistical-significance-of-local-land-cover-measurements-a-comparative-analysis-of-citizen-science-and-remote-sensing-programs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/on-the-statistical-significance-of-local-land-cover-measurements-a-comparative-analysis-of-citizen-science-and-remote-sensing-programs\/","title":{"rendered":"On the Statistical Significance of Local Land Cover Measurements: A Comparative Analysis of Citizen Science and Remote Sensing Programs"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1248\" class=\"elementor elementor-1248\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3649729 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3649729\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bf32d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2bf32d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">On the Statistical Significance of Local Land Cover Measurements: A Comparative Analysis of Citizen Science and Remote Sensing Programs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4df6d8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f4df6d8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac5a9c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac5a9c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Accurate land cover data can provide powerful insight into characterizing the effects of climate change. Remote sensing satellites enable state-of-the-art land cover measurements, but data collected on the Earth&#8217;s surface offers a new perspective on land cover characteristics through its more localized scope. Areas that may be generalized to a single pixel in a remote sensing satellite\u2019s data products can be observed at a more granular level through on-site data collection strategies.<\/p><p>Low-cost sensors, such as NASA\u2019s Science and Technology Education for Land\/Life Assessment (STELLA), make such granular data collection more cost-effective. Citizen Science programs, like the Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) Program, provide a blueprint for reliably scaling this type of on-site data collection.<\/p><p>STELLA is an open-source platform that allows volunteers, like Citizen Scientists, to measure electromagnetic waves to calculate irradiance and temperature in a specific Area Of Interest (AOI). STELLA is cost-effective, as its kit can be assembled by any user with access to makerspace tools commonly found in educational institutions, like 3D printers and<br \/>soldering irons.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e91fcd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8e91fcd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1439fa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f1439fa\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cf0d20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cf0d20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This work presents a comparative analysis of the land cover measurements recorded by the STELLA sensor and remote sensing satellites, such as LANDSAT 9. Surface temperatures were recorded hourly using the STELLA sensor on four different types of land cover within a 500-square-meter area in Reno, Nevada.<\/p><p>The results indicate a statistically significant discrepancy between measurements recorded by the STELLA sensor and LANDSAT, highlighting an untapped data trove in localized \u00a0sensor measurements. Additionally, we present a data collection control flow for Citizen Science volunteers to record reliable STELLA sensor data. We demonstrate how such Citizen Science data can provide a valuable alternative perspective when compared to its state-of-the-art counterparts, rendering it a valuable tool for future studies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0564d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0564d5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fb5517 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5fb5517\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Aidan_poster_AGU2023.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Aidan_poster_AGU2023\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTI0OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3NjaWVuY2UuZ3NmYy5uYXNhLmdvdlwvc3RlbGxhXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI1XC8wNVwvQWlkYW5fcG9zdGVyX0FHVTIwMjMuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2072\" height=\"1678\" src=\"https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Aidan_poster_AGU2023.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1249\" alt=\"College student Aidan Schneider presenting his poster about the Statistical Significance of Land Classification at AGU2023\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Aidan_poster_AGU2023.jpg 2072w, https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Aidan_poster_AGU2023-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Aidan_poster_AGU2023-1024x829.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Aidan_poster_AGU2023-768x622.jpg 768w, https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Aidan_poster_AGU2023-1536x1244.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Aidan_poster_AGU2023-2048x1659.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2072px) 100vw, 2072px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">College student Aidan Schneider presenting his poster about the Statistical Significance of Land Classification at AGU2023<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41ebb58 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"41ebb58\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3ad754 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d3ad754\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/AGU2023_v2sm.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"AGU2023_v2sm\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTI1MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3NjaWVuY2UuZ3NmYy5uYXNhLmdvdlwvc3RlbGxhXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI1XC8wNVwvQUdVMjAyM192MnNtLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" src=\"https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/AGU2023_v2sm.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1251\" alt=\"On the Statistical Significance of Local Land Cover Measurements A Comparative Analysis of Citizen Science and Remote Sensing Programs poster at AGU2023\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/AGU2023_v2sm.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/AGU2023_v2sm-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/AGU2023_v2sm-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/AGU2023_v2sm-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/science.gsfc.nasa.gov\/stella\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/AGU2023_v2sm-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Low-cost sensors, such as NASA\u2019s Science and Technology Education for Land\/Life Assessment (STELLA), make granular data collection more cost-effective. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1249,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[82,7,41,75,25],"tags":[78,79,67,62],"class_list":["post-1248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-engagement","category-instruments","category-news","category-posters","category-stella-1-1","tag-agu","tag-citizen-science","tag-science","tag-stem"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>On the Statistical Significance of Local Land Cover Measurements: A Comparative Analysis of Citizen Science and Remote Sensing Programs - STELLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Posters\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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