Dr. Knowland is a lead scientist in the development of NASA GMAO’s atmospheric composition forecast system, GEOS-CF. She directs the transition from research & development to the production system and leads the evaluation of stratospheric composition in the GEOS-CF. Dr. Knowland’s research interests include both chemical and dynamical drivers of stratospheric and tropospheric composition. She is a member of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Air Quality Forecast and Information System (GAFIS) Steering Committee and Co-lead of Group 2 “Best practices and challenges for Air Quality Forecast Systems”.
11/2015
-
11/2021
Research Scientist
Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research (GESTAR),
GMAO, Goddard Space Flight Center
12/2021
-
Present
Associate Research Scientist
Morgan State University/GESTAR II,
GMAO, Goddard Space Flight Center Research responsibilities include the evaluation of trace gas transport in NASA’s GEOS model and data assimilation systems and the associated transport uncertainty in the models related to spatial resolution. In particular, the development and evaluation of NASA’s air quality forecast, GEOS-CF, and the investigation of stratospheric intrusions of high levels of ozone (O3) transported toward the surface, which can impact surface concentrations and lead to nonattainment of air quality standards.
Doctor of Philosophy
September 2011 – September 2015
Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Project title: Linking mid-latitude storms, atmospheric composition and climate variability
Research: A new approach to the study of long-range transport of air pollution using the Monitoring Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (MACC) reanalysis dataset with a storm tracking algorithm to investigate the behavior of air pollution within mid-latitude storms over the North Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean.
Supervisors: Ruth Doherty (Univ. of Edinburgh) and Kevin I. Hodges (Univ. of Reading)
Awards: Principal’s Career Development Scholarship and the Edinburgh Global Research Scholarship Award
Master of Science
September 2006 – May 2008
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Thesis: A study of meteorological conditions associated with anomalously early and anomalously late openings of a Northwest Territories winter road
Supervisors: John R. Gyakum and Charles A. Lin
Bachelor of Science (Honours)
September 2002 – May 2006
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
American Geophysical Union,
2013
-
Present
2020-present: World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Air Quality Forecast and Information System (GAFIS) Steering Committee. Co-lead of Group 2 “Best practices and challenges for Air Quality Forecast Systems”
Refereed
Wargan, K., B. Weir, G. L. Manney, et al. 2023. "M2‐SCREAM: A Stratospheric Composition Reanalysis of Aura MLS Data With MERRA‐2 Transport."
Earth and Space Science,
10
(2):
e2022EA002632
[10.1029/2022ea002632]
Bernier, C., Y. Wang, G. Gronoff, et al. 2022. "Cluster-based characterization of multi-dimensional tropospheric ozone variability in coastal regions: an analysis of lidar measurements and model results."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,
22
(23):
15313-15331
[10.5194/acp-22-15313-2022]
Sullivan, J. T., A. Apituley, N. Mettig, et al. 2022. "Tropospheric and stratospheric ozone profiles during the 2019 TROpomi vaLIdation eXperiment (TROLIX-19)."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,
22
(17):
11137-11153
[10.5194/acp-22-11137-2022]
Kerr, G. H., D. L. Goldberg, K. Emma Knowland, et al. 2022. "Diesel passenger vehicle shares influenced COVID-19 changes in urban nitrogen dioxide pollution."
Environmental Research Letters,
17
(7):
074010
[10.1088/1748-9326/ac7659]
Xiong, X., X. Liu, W. Wu, et al. 2022. "Impact of Stratosphere on Cold Air Outbreak: Observed Evidence by CrIS on SNPP and Its Comparison with Models."
Atmosphere,
13
(6):
876
[10.3390/atmos13060876]
Knowland, K. E., C. A. Keller, P. A. Wales, et al. 2022. "NASA GEOS Composition Forecast Modeling System GEOS‐CF v1.0: Stratospheric composition."
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems,
14
(e2021MS002852):
[10.1029/2021ms002852]
Xiong, X., X. Liu, W. Wu, et al. 2022. "Satellite observation of stratospheric intrusions and ozone transport using CrIS on SNPP."
Atmospheric Environment,
118956
[10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118956]
Liu, F., Z. Tao, S. Beirle, et al. 2022. "A new method for inferring city emissions and lifetimes of nitrogen oxides from high-resolution nitrogen dioxide observations: a model study."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,
22
(2):
1333-1349
[10.5194/acp-22-1333-2022]
Gladson, L. A., K. R. Cromar, M. Ghazipura, et al. 2022. "Communicating respiratory health risk among children using a global air quality index."
Environment International,
159:
107023
[10.1016/j.envint.2021.107023]
Bi, J., K. E. Knowland, C. A. Keller, and Y. Liu. 2022. "Combining Machine Learning and Numerical Simulation for High-Resolution PM2.5 Concentration Forecast."
Environmental Science & Technology,
56
(3):
1544-1556
[10.1021/acs.est.1c05578]
Lee, J. D., F. A. Squires, T. Sherwen, et al. 2021. "Ozone production and precursor emission from wildfires in Africa."
Environ. Sci.: Atmos.,
1:
524-542
[10.1039/d1ea00041a]
Duncan, B. N., C. A. Malings, K. E. Knowland, et al. 2021. "Augmenting the Standard Operating Procedures of Health and Air Quality Stakeholders With NASA Resources."
GeoHealth,
5
(9):
[10.1029/2021gh000451]
Gronoff, G., T. Berkoff, K. Knowland, et al. 2021. "Case study of stratospheric Intrusion above Hampton, Virginia: lidar-observation and modeling analysis."
Atmospheric Environment,
118498
[10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118498]
Malings, C., K. E. Knowland, C. A. Keller, and S. E. Cohn. 2021. "Sub‐City Scale Hourly Air Quality Forecasting by Combining Models, Satellite Observations, and Ground Measurements."
Earth and Space Science,
8
(7):
[10.1029/2021ea001743]
Johnson, M. S., K. Strawbridge, K. E. Knowland, C. Keller, and M. Travis. 2021. "Long-range transport of Siberian biomass burning emissions to North America during FIREX-AQ."
Atmospheric Environment,
252:
118241
[10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118241]
Keller, C. A., K. E. Knowland, B. N. Duncan, et al. 2021. "Description of the NASA GEOS Composition Forecast Modeling System GEOS‐CF v1.0."
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems,
13
(4):
[10.1029/2020ms002413]
Keller, C. A., M. J. Evans, K. E. Knowland, et al. 2021. "Global impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the surface concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and ozone."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,
21
(5):
3555-3592
[10.5194/acp-21-3555-2021]
Robinson, J., A. Kotsakis, F. Santos, et al. 2020. "Using networked Pandora observations to capture spatiotemporal changes in total column ozone associated with stratosphere-to-troposphere transport."
Atmospheric Research,
238:
104872
[10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.104872]
Dacic, N., J. T. Sullivan, K. E. Knowland, et al. 2019. "Evaluation of NASA's high-resolution global composition simulations: Understanding a pollution event in the Chesapeake Bay during the summer 2017 OWLETS campaign."
Atmospheric Environment,
117133
[10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117133]
Wargan, K., C. Orbe, S. Pawson, et al. 2018. "Recent decline in extratropical lower stratospheric ozone attributed to circulation changes."
Geophysical Research Letters,
[10.1029/2018gl077406]
Knowland, K. E., R. M. Doherty, K. I. Hodges, and L. E. Ott. 2017. "The influence of mid-latitude cyclones on European background surface ozone."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,
17
(20):
12421-12447
[10.5194/acp-17-12421-2017]
Knowland, K. E., L. E. Ott, B. N. Duncan, and K. Wargan. 2017. "Stratospheric intrusion-influenced ozone air quality exceedances investigated in the NASA MERRA-2 Reanalysis."
Geophysical Research Letters,
44
(10):
691–10,701
[10.1002/2017gl074532]
Knowland, K. E., R. M. Doherty, and K. I. Hodges. 2015. "The effects of springtime mid-latitude storms on trace gas composition determined from the MACC reanalysis."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,
15
(6):
3605--3628
[10.5194/acp-15-3605-2015]
Knowland, K. E., J. R. Gyakum, and C. A. Lin. 2010. "A study of the meteorological conditions associated with anomalously early and late openings of a Northwest Territories winter road."
Arctic,
63
(2):
227--239
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic977]
Non-Refereed
Knowland, K. E., C. A. Keller, and R. A. Lucchesi. 2022. "File Specification for GEOS-CF Products."
GMAO Office Note No. 17 (Version 1.2), 53pp, available from http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/office_notes
Knowland, K. E., C. A. Keller, and R. A. Lucchesi. 2020. "File Specification for GEOS-CF Products."
GMAO Office Note No. 17 (Version 1.1), 37pp, available from http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/office_notes
Knowland, K. E., C. A. Keller, and R. A. Lucchesi. 2019. "File Specification for GEOS-CF Products."
GMAO Office Note No. 17 (Version 1.0), 32pp, available from http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/office_notes
Invited
NASA's High-Resolution GEOS Forecasting and Reanalysis Products: A unified Tool from Local to Global Scales
6
/
2021
NASA Ames Earth Science Division Seminar series
Near real-time air quality forecasts using the NASA GEOS model
6
/
2021
Invited speaker and panelist for the UNEP GEMS-AIR virtual session at the Sustainability Research & Innovation (SRI) Congress 2021
NASA's High-Resolution GEOS Forecasting and Reanalysis Products: A unified Tool from Local to Global Scales
5
/
2021
Atmospheric and Marine Biogeochemistry Seminars at the School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, England (virtual presentation)
Near real-time air quality forecasts using the NASA GEOS model
12
/
2020
AGU Fall Meeting 2020 (Virtual)
NASA’s High-Resolution GEOS Forecasting and Reanalysis Products: Impact of Stratospheric Intrusions on Surface Ozone Air Quality
3
/
2020
JPL Center for Climate Sciences Seminar Series
New high-resolution global composition forecast
11
/
5
/
2018
Invited speaker and panelist. Sixth Arab-American Frontiers of Science, Engineering, and Medicine Symposium, Kuwait City, Kuwait, November 4-6, 2018
Air Pollution Forecasts using the NASA GEOS Model
6
/
7
/
2018
The International Cooperative for Aerosol Prediciton (ICAP) 10th working group meeting, UK Met Office, Exeter, England, June 6-8, 2018
Other
Near real-time air quality forecasts using the NASA GEOS model
6
/
2021
TEMPO Science Team Meeting
Near real-time air quality forecasts using the NASA GEOS model
4
/
2021
EGU General Assembly 2021
Evaluation of the GEOS-Chem UCX Stratosphere in the GEOS Composition Forecast System
1
/
2021
AMS 101st Annual Meeting
Evaluation of the GEOS-Chem UCX Stratosphere in the GEOS Composition Forecast System
12
/
2020
Poster at AGU Fall Meeting 2020 (virtual)
NASA GEOS Composition Forecast System: “GEOS-CF”
8
/
2020
TEMPO Science Team Meeting (Virtual)
NASA GEOS Composition Forecast System: “GEOS-CF”
6
/
2020
TOLNET-Pandora-TEMPO Science Team Meeting (Virtual)
NASA’s High-Resolution GEOS Forecasting and Reanalysis Products: Impact of Stratospheric Intrusions on Surface Ozone Air Quality
3
/
2020
OCTAV-UTLS Workshop, JPL Table Mountain Facility, CA
High-Resolution Global Coupled Chemistry-Meteorology Simulations using the NASA GEOS Composition Forecast System: GEOS-CF
1
/
13
/
2020
AMS Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, 13-16 January 2020
NASA's High-Resolution GEOS Forecasting and Reanalysis Products: Impact of Stratospheric Intrusions on Surface Ozone Air Quality
1
/
16
/
2020
AMS Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, 13-16 January 2020
Predicting more than just weather: New high resolution forecasts of composition from GEOS
1
/
14
/
2020
NASA Hyperwall Science Stories at Booth #301, AMS Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, 13-16 January 2020
Local to Global Air Quality Simulations using the NASA GEOS Composition Forecast Model GEOS-CF
10
/
2019
18th Annual CMAS Conference, Chapel Hill, NC, October 21-23, 2019
Air Pollution Forecasts using the NASA GEOS Model: A unified Tool from Local to Global Scales
7
/
2019
NASA Health and Air Quality Applied Science Team HAQAST6 Meeting, Pasadena, California, July 10-12, 2019
Near real-time forecasts at 25km horizontal resolution
5
/
2019
The 9th International GEOS-Chem Meeting, Cambridge, Massachusetts, May 6-9, 2019
Air Quality Forecasts using the NASA GEOS Composition Modeling and Data Assimilation System
4
/
2019
EGU General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, April 8-12, 2019
Application of NASA's new global high-resolution air quality forecasts: Stratospheric intrusion-influenced ozone exceedance events in the USA
12
/
2018
AGU Fall Meeting 2018, Washington, DC, December 10-14, 2018
Stratospheric Intrusion Catalog: A 10-year Compilation of Events Identified by using an Objective Feature Tracking Model with NASA’s MERRA-2 Reanalysis
6
/
2018
Meteorology Department, University of Reading, Reading, England, June 5, 2018
Air Pollution Forecasts using the NASA GEOS Model
6
/
2018
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, England, June 4, 2018
Stratospheric Intrusion Catalog: A 10-year Compilation of Events Identified by using an Objective Feature Tracking Model with NASA’s MERRA-2 Reanalysis
2
/
2018
Oral presentation at the SPARC Workshop on The UTLS: Current status and emerging challenges. Workshop held in Mainz, Germany, February 5-8, 2018.
Stratospheric Intrusion Catalog: A 10-year Compilation of Events Identified by using an Objective Feature Tracking Model with NASA’s MERRA-2 Reanalysis
12
/
2017
Oral presentation at the 2017 AGU Fall Meeting, New Orleans, LA
Air Pollution Forecasts using the NASA GEOS Model: A Unified Tool from Local to Global Scales
12
/
2017
Oral presentation at 2017 AGU Fall Meeting, New Orleans, LA
Stratospheric intrusion-influenced ozone air quality exceedences investigated in the NASA MERRA-2 Reanalysis
11
/
2017
Oral presentation at the 5th International Conference on Reanalysis (ICR5) held in Rome, Italy, November 13-17, 2017.
Influence of mid-latitude cyclones on European background surface ozone investigated in observations and multiple reanalyses
11
/
2017
Poster presentation at the 5th International Conference on Reanalysis (ICR5) held in Rome, Italy, November 13-17, 2017
Air Pollution Forecasts using the NASA GEOS Model: A Unified Tool from Local to Global Scales
10
/
2017
Oral presentation at the 2017 Young Scientist Forum for Code 600, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, on October 30, 2017.
The influence of mid-latitude cyclones on European background surface ozone
4
/
2017
Oral presentation at the joint U.S. EPA, the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP), and the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) workshop "Air Quality in a Changing World", held at the US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, April 3-6, 2017.
Regional Differences in Stratospheric Intrusions over the USA Investigated using the NASA MERRA-2 Reanalysis
12
/
2016
Poster presentation at the 2016 AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA
Regional differences in stratospheric intrusions over the USA investigated using the MERRA-2 Reanalysis
10
/
2016
Oral presentation at the 2016 Young Scientist Program for Code 610, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA
Stratospheric intrusions investigated using high-resolution global simulations from the NASA GEOS-5 model
9
/
2016
Poster presentation at the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Project 2016 Science Conference, Breckenridge, CO, USA
Regional differences in stratospheric intrusions over the USA investigated using the NASA MERRA-2 Reanalysis
9
/
2016
Poster presentation at the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Project 2016 Science Conference, Breckenridge, CO, USA
The influence of mid-latitude cyclone tracks on surface ozone at remote European coastal monitoring sites
3
/
2016
Oral presentation at the 10th International Conference on Air Quality –
Science and Application, Milan, Italy
The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on tropospheric distributions of O3 and CO
12
/
2015
Oral presentation at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall meeting,
San Francisco, California, USA
Mid-latitude storm track variability and its influence on atmospheric composition
5
/
2014
Poster at the IGAC/SPARC Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) Workshop, Lancaster, UK
Mid-latitude storm track variability and its influence on atmospheric composition
12
/
2013
Poster at the AGU Fall meeting, San Francisco, California, USA
Refereed
Wargan, K., B. Weir, G. L. Manney, et al. 2023. "M2‐SCREAM: A Stratospheric Composition Reanalysis of Aura MLS Data With MERRA‐2 Transport."
Earth and Space Science
10
(2):
e2022EA002632
[10.1029/2022ea002632]
Bernier, C., Y. Wang, G. Gronoff, et al. 2022. "Cluster-based characterization of multi-dimensional tropospheric ozone variability in coastal regions: an analysis of lidar measurements and model results."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
22
(23):
15313-15331
[10.5194/acp-22-15313-2022]
Sullivan, J. T., A. Apituley, N. Mettig, et al. 2022. "Tropospheric and stratospheric ozone profiles during the 2019 TROpomi vaLIdation eXperiment (TROLIX-19)."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
22
(17):
11137-11153
[10.5194/acp-22-11137-2022]
Kerr, G. H., D. L. Goldberg, K. Emma Knowland, et al. 2022. "Diesel passenger vehicle shares influenced COVID-19 changes in urban nitrogen dioxide pollution."
Environmental Research Letters
17
(7):
074010
[10.1088/1748-9326/ac7659]
Xiong, X., X. Liu, W. Wu, et al. 2022. "Impact of Stratosphere on Cold Air Outbreak: Observed Evidence by CrIS on SNPP and Its Comparison with Models."
Atmosphere
13
(6):
876
[10.3390/atmos13060876]
Knowland, K. E., C. A. Keller, P. A. Wales, et al. 2022. "NASA GEOS Composition Forecast Modeling System GEOS‐CF v1.0: Stratospheric composition."
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
14
(e2021MS002852):
[10.1029/2021ms002852]
Xiong, X., X. Liu, W. Wu, et al. 2022. "Satellite observation of stratospheric intrusions and ozone transport using CrIS on SNPP."
Atmospheric Environment
118956
[10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118956]
Liu, F., Z. Tao, S. Beirle, et al. 2022. "A new method for inferring city emissions and lifetimes of nitrogen oxides from high-resolution nitrogen dioxide observations: a model study."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
22
(2):
1333-1349
[10.5194/acp-22-1333-2022]
Gladson, L. A., K. R. Cromar, M. Ghazipura, et al. 2022. "Communicating respiratory health risk among children using a global air quality index."
Environment International
159
107023
[10.1016/j.envint.2021.107023]
Bi, J., K. E. Knowland, C. A. Keller, and Y. Liu. 2022. "Combining Machine Learning and Numerical Simulation for High-Resolution PM2.5 Concentration Forecast."
Environmental Science & Technology
56
(3):
1544-1556
[10.1021/acs.est.1c05578]
Lee, J. D., F. A. Squires, T. Sherwen, et al. 2021. "Ozone production and precursor emission from wildfires in Africa."
Environ. Sci.: Atmos.
1
524-542
[10.1039/d1ea00041a]
Duncan, B. N., C. A. Malings, K. E. Knowland, et al. 2021. "Augmenting the Standard Operating Procedures of Health and Air Quality Stakeholders With NASA Resources."
GeoHealth
5
(9):
[10.1029/2021gh000451]
Gronoff, G., T. Berkoff, K. Knowland, et al. 2021. "Case study of stratospheric Intrusion above Hampton, Virginia: lidar-observation and modeling analysis."
Atmospheric Environment
118498
[10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118498]
Malings, C., K. E. Knowland, C. A. Keller, and S. E. Cohn. 2021. "Sub‐City Scale Hourly Air Quality Forecasting by Combining Models, Satellite Observations, and Ground Measurements."
Earth and Space Science
8
(7):
[10.1029/2021ea001743]
Johnson, M. S., K. Strawbridge, K. E. Knowland, C. Keller, and M. Travis. 2021. "Long-range transport of Siberian biomass burning emissions to North America during FIREX-AQ."
Atmospheric Environment
252
118241
[10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118241]
Keller, C. A., K. E. Knowland, B. N. Duncan, et al. 2021. "Description of the NASA GEOS Composition Forecast Modeling System GEOS‐CF v1.0."
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
13
(4):
[10.1029/2020ms002413]
Keller, C. A., M. J. Evans, K. E. Knowland, et al. 2021. "Global impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the surface concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and ozone."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
21
(5):
3555-3592
[10.5194/acp-21-3555-2021]
Robinson, J., A. Kotsakis, F. Santos, et al. 2020. "Using networked Pandora observations to capture spatiotemporal changes in total column ozone associated with stratosphere-to-troposphere transport."
Atmospheric Research
238
104872
[10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.104872]
Dacic, N., J. T. Sullivan, K. E. Knowland, et al. 2019. "Evaluation of NASA's high-resolution global composition simulations: Understanding a pollution event in the Chesapeake Bay during the summer 2017 OWLETS campaign."
Atmospheric Environment
117133
[10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117133]
Wargan, K., C. Orbe, S. Pawson, et al. 2018. "Recent decline in extratropical lower stratospheric ozone attributed to circulation changes."
Geophysical Research Letters
[10.1029/2018gl077406]
Knowland, K. E., R. M. Doherty, K. I. Hodges, and L. E. Ott. 2017. "The influence of mid-latitude cyclones on European background surface ozone."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
17
(20):
12421-12447
[10.5194/acp-17-12421-2017]
Knowland, K. E., L. E. Ott, B. N. Duncan, and K. Wargan. 2017. "Stratospheric intrusion-influenced ozone air quality exceedances investigated in the NASA MERRA-2 Reanalysis."
Geophysical Research Letters
44
(10):
691–10,701
[10.1002/2017gl074532]
Knowland, K. E., R. M. Doherty, and K. I. Hodges. 2015. "The effects of springtime mid-latitude storms on trace gas composition determined from the MACC reanalysis."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
15
(6):
3605--3628
[10.5194/acp-15-3605-2015]
Knowland, K. E., J. R. Gyakum, and C. A. Lin. 2010. "A study of the meteorological conditions associated with anomalously early and late openings of a Northwest Territories winter road."
Arctic
63
(2):
227--239
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic977]
Non-Refereed
Knowland, K. E., C. A. Keller, and R. A. Lucchesi. 2022. "File Specification for GEOS-CF Products."
GMAO Office Note No. 17 (Version 1.2), 53pp, available from http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/office_notes
Knowland, K. E., C. A. Keller, and R. A. Lucchesi. 2020. "File Specification for GEOS-CF Products."
GMAO Office Note No. 17 (Version 1.1), 37pp, available from http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/office_notes
Knowland, K. E., C. A. Keller, and R. A. Lucchesi. 2019. "File Specification for GEOS-CF Products."
GMAO Office Note No. 17 (Version 1.0), 32pp, available from http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/office_notes
