B.S., Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1980
Diploma in Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1984
M.S., Physics, Eastern Michigan University, 1987
Ph.D, Atmospheric and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, 1993
Mei-Ching H Fok
((AST, FIELDS & PARTICLES))
Org Code: 673
NASA/GSFCMail Code: 673
Greenbelt, MD 20771
Employer: NASA
Research Interests
M-C Fok Research Interests
Heliophysics: Earth's MagnetosphereDr. Fok's main research interests are studies of the radiation belts and ring current during geomagnetic active periods, understanding the mechanisms responsible for their intensification and decay by numerical modeling and data analysis. She has developed a complex model, named as the Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere-Ionosphere (CIMI) Model, that can compute and predict the energetic plasma fluxes in the radiation belts-ring current region. Dr. Fok was a participating scientist of the IMAGE mission and is the Project Scientist of the TWINS mission. She is heavily involved in neutral atom imaging. The modeling tools she developed have contributed greatly in interpreting images from the neutral atom imagers on IMAGE and TWINS. Dr. Fok is also involved in the Van Allen Probes mission. Her CIMI model is running in real time to predict energetic ion and electron fluxes that Van Allen Probes satellites would observe.
Positions/Employment
Astrophysicist
Geospace Physics Laboratory - NASA/GSFC
2001 - Present
Staff Scientist
USRA - Universities Space Research Association
1995 - 2001
Resident Research Associate
NRC - Marshall Space Flight Center
1993 - 1995
Education
Awards
NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal (2011), “For creation of state-of-the-art numerical models that account for the complex couplings between the solar wind, radiation belts, ring current, ionosphere and magnetosphere.”
Publications
Refereed
Fok, M.-C., N. Y. Buzulukova, S.-H. Chen, et al. A. Glocer, T. Nagai, P. Valek, and J. Perez. 2014. The Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Model J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics 119 7522-7540 [10.1002/2014JA020239]
Zheng, Q., M.-C. Fok, Y. Zheng, and A. T. Lui. 2013. Non-linear whistler mode wave effects on magnetospheric energetic electrons Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 102 8-16 [10.1016/j.jastp.2013.03.018]
Buzulukova, N. Y., M.-C. Fok, E. Roelof, et al. J. Redfern, J. Goldstein, P. Valek, and D. McComas. 2013. Comparative analysis of low-altitude ENA emissions in two substorms J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics 118 (2): 724-731 [10.1002/jgra.50103]
Buzulukova, N. Y., M.-C. Fok, and A. Glocer. 2012. Impact of Solar Wind on the Earth Magnetosphere: Recent Progress in the Modeling of Ring Current and Radiation Belts in: Exploring the Solar Wind, Dr. Marian Lazar (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0339-4, InTech [DOI: 10.5772/37337]
Liemohn, M. W., S. Xu, S. Yan, M. C. Fok, and Q. Zheng. 2012. Time scales for localized radiation belt injections to become a thin shell,... Geophys Monogr Ser; AGU; Washington D C; edited by D Summers et al 199 161–175 [10.1029/2012GM001335]
Zheng, Q., Y. Zheng, M.-C. Fok, and A. Lui. 2012. Electron energy diffusion and advection due to non-linear electron-chorus wave interactions Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 80 152-160 [doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2012.01.011]
Fok, M. C., T. E. Moore, S. P. Slinker, et al. J. A. Fedder, D. C. Delcourt, M. Nose, and S. H. Chen. 2011. Modeling the superstorm in November 2003 J. Geophys. Res. 116 A00J17 [10.1029/2010JA015720]
Fok, M.-C., A. Glocer, Q. Zheng, et al. R. B. Horne, N. P. Meredith, J. M. Albert, and T. Nagai. 2011. Recent developments in the radiation belt environment model Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 73 (11-12): 1435-1443 [10.1016/j.jastp.2010.09.033]
Keesee, A. M., N. Buzulukova, J. Goldstein, et al. D. J. McComas, E. E. Scime, H. Spence, M. Fok, and K. Tallaksen. 2011. Remote observations of ion temperatures in the quiet time magnetosphere Geophysical Research Letters 38 03104 [10.1029/2010GL045987]
Ebihara, Y., M. Fok, T. J. Immel, and P. C. Brandt. 2011. Rapid decay of storm time ring current due to pitch angle scattering in curved field line Journal of Geophysical Research 116 03218 [10.1029/2010JA016000]
Fok, M.-C., N. Y. Buzulukova, S.-H. Chen, et al. P. Valek, J. Goldstein, and D. McComas. 2010. Simulation and TWINS observations of the 22 July 2009 storm J. Geophys. Res. 115 [10.1029/2010JA015443]
Buzulukova, N. Y., M.-C. Fok, J. Goldstein, et al. P. Valek, D. McComas, and P. Brandt. 2010. Ring current dynamics in moderate and strong storms: Comparative analysis of TWINS and IMAGE/HENA data with the Comprehensive Ring Current Model Journal of Geophysical Research 115 A12234 [10.1029/2010JA015292]
Valek, P., P. C. Brandt, N. Buzulukova, et al. M. C. Fok, J. Goldstein, D. J. McComas, J. D. Perez, E. Roelof, and R. Skoug. 2010. Evolution of low-altitude and ring current ENA emissions from a moderate magnetospheric storm: Continuous and simultaneous TWINS observations Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics) 115 [11209-10.1029/2010JA015429]
Buzulukova, N., M. C. Fok, A. Pulkkinen, et al. M. Kuznetsova, T. E. Moore, A. Glocer, P. C. Brandt, G. Toth, and L. Rastatter. 2010. Dynamics of ring current and electric fields in the inner magnetosphere during disturbed periods: CRCM–BATS-R-US coupled model J. Geophys. Res. 115 (A5): A05210 [10.1029/2009JA014621]
Moore, T. E., M. C. Fok, D. C. Delcourt, S. P. Slinker, and J. A. Fedder. 2010. Global response to local ionospheric mass ejection JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS 115 [10.1029/2010JA015640]
Zheng, Y., A. T. Lui, and M.-C. Fok. 2010. Effects of plasma sheet properties on storm-time ring current J. Geophys. Res. 115 (A8): A08220 [10.1029/2009JA014806]
Fok, M.-C., R. Horne, N. Meredith, and S. Glauert. 2008. The radiation belt environment model: Application to space weather nowcasting J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics 113 [10.1029/2007JA012558]
Buzulukova, N., M. C. Fok, T. E. Moore, and D. M. Ober. 2008. Generation of plasmaspheric undulations GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 35 [10.1029/2008GL034164]
Moore, T. E., M. C. Fok, D. C. Delcourt, S. P. Slinker, and J. A. Fedder. 2008. Plasma plume circulation and impact in an MHD substorm JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS 113 [10.1029/2008JA013050]
Zheng, Y., P. C. Brandt, A. T. Lui, and M.-C. Fok. 2008. On ionospheric trough conductance and subauroral polarization streams: Simulation results Journal of Geophysical Research 113 (A04209): [doi:10.1029/2007JA012532]
Zheng, Y., A. T. Lui, and M.-C. Fok. 2008. Viewing perspective in energetic neutral atom intensity Journal of Geophysical Research 113 (A09217): [doi:10.1029/2008JA013070]
Delcourt, D. C., F. Leblanc, K. Seki, et al. N. Terada, T. E. Moore, and M. C. Fok. 2007. Ion energization during substorms at Mercury Planetary and Space Science 55 (11): 1502-1508 [10.1016/j.pss.2006.11.026]
Moore, T. E., M. C. Fok, D. C. Delcourt, S. P. Slinker, and J. A. Fedder. 2007. Global aspects of solar wind–ionosphere interactions Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 69 (3): 265-278 [10.1016/j.jastp.2006.08.009]
Robertson, I. P., M. R. Collier, T. E. Cravens, and M. C. Fok. 2006. X-ray emission from the terrestrial magnetosheath including the cusps Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics) 111 [12105-10.1029/2006JA011672]
Fok, M. C., T. E. Moore, P. C. Brandt, et al. D. C. Delcourt, S. P. Slinker, and J. A. Fedder. 2006. Impulsive enhancements of oxygen ions during substorms JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS 111 [10.1029/2006JA011839]
Zheng, Y., A. T. Lui, M.-C. Fok, et al. B. J. Anderson, P. C. Brandt, T. J. Immel, and D. G. Mitchell. 2006. Relationship between Region 2 field-aligned current and the ring current: Model results Journal of Geophysical Research 111 (A11): A11S06 [10.1029/2006JA011603]
Zheng, Y., A. T. Lui, X. Li, and M.-C. Fok. 2006. Characteristics of 2-6 MeV electrons in the Slot region and inner radiation belt Journal of Geophysical Research 111 (A10204): [doi:10.1029/2006JA011748]
Shao, X., S. F. Fung, L. C. Tan, et al. K. Papadopoulos, M. Wiltberger, and M.-C. H. Fok. 2005. Investigation of 3D Energetic Particle Transport Inside Quiet Time Magnetosphere Using Particle Tracing in Global MHD Model The Inner Magnetosphere: Physics and Modeling 155 307-318 [10.1029/155GM33]
Taguchi, S., S. H. Chen, M. R. Collier, et al. T. E. Moore, M. C. Fok, K. Hosokawa, and A. Nakao. 2005. Monitoring the high-altitude cusp with the Low Energy Neutral Atom imager: Simultaneous observations from IMAGE and Polar JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS 110 [10.1029/2005JA011075]
Delcourt, D. C., H. V. Malova, L. M. Zelenyi, et al. J. A. Sauvaud, T. E. Moore, and M. C. Fok. 2005. Energetic particle injections into the outer cusp during compression events EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE 57 125-130
Collier, M. R., T. E. Moore, M. C. Fok, et al. B. Pilkerton, S. Boardsen, and H. Khan. 2005. Low-energy neutral atom signatures of magnetopause motion in response to southward B-z JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS 110 [10.1029/2004JA010626]
Ebihara, Y., M. C. Fok, R. A. Wolf, M. F. Thomsen, and T. E. Moore. 2005. Nonlinear impact of plasma sheet density on the storm-time ring current JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS 110 [10.1029/2004JA010435]
Fok, M.-C. H., Y. Ebihara, T. E. Moore, D. M. Ober, and K. A. Keller. 2005. Geospace Storm Processes Coupling the Ring Current; Radiation Belt and Plasmasphere; in Inner Magnetosphere Interactions: New Perspectives from Imaging Geophys Monogr Ser; edited by J Burch et al; AGU - Washington D C 159 207-220 [10.1029/159GM16]
Fok, M. C., Y. Ebihara, and T. E. Moore. 2005. Inner magnetospheric plasma interactions and coupling with the ionosphere Adv Polar Upper Atmos Res 19 106-134
Ebihara, Y., M. C. Fok, R. A. Wolf, T. J. Immel, and T. E. Moore. 2004. Influence of ionosphere conductivity on the ring current JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS 109 [10.1029/2003JA010351]
Taguchi, S., M. R. Collier, T. E. Moore, M. C. Fok, and H. J. Singer. 2004. Response of neutral atom emissions in the low-latitude and high-latitude magnetosheath direction to the magnetopause motion under extreme solar wind conditions JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS 109 [10.1029/2003JA010147]
Fok, M. C., T. E. Moore, M. R. Collier, and T. Tanaka. 2004. Neutral atom imaging of solar wind interaction with the Earth and Venus J Geophys Res 109 [10.1029/2003JA010094]
Moore, T. E., M. R. Collier, M. C. Fok, et al. S. A. Fuselier, H. Khan, W. Lennartsson, D. G. Simpson, G. R. Wilson, and M. O. Chandler. 2003. Heliosphere-Geosphere Interactions Using Low Energy Neutral Atom Imaging Space Science Reviews 109 (1-4): 351-371 [10.1023/B:SPAC.0000007524.11258.b4]
Fok, M. C., T. E. Moore, G. R. Wilson, et al. J. D. Perez, X. X. Zhang, P. C. Brandt, D. G. Mitchell, E. C. Roelof, J. M. Jahn, C. J. Pollock, and R. A. Wolf. 2003. Global ena Image Simulations Space Science Reviews 109 (1-4): 77-103 [10.1023/B:SPAC.0000007514.56380.fd]
Zheng, Y., M.-C. Fok, and G. V. Khazanov. 2003. A Radiation Belt – Ring Current Forecasting Model Space Weather 1 (3): 1013 [doi:10.1029/2003SW000007]
Moore, T. E., M. C. Fok, and M. O. Chandler. 2002. The dayside reconnection X line JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS 107 [10.1029/2002JA009381]
Fok, M. C., R. A. Wolf, R. W. Spiro, and T. E. Moore. 2001. Comprehensive computational model of Earth's ring current J. Geophys. Res. 106 (A5): 8417-8424 [10.1029/2000JA000235]
Moore, T. E., M. O. Chandler, M. C. Fok, et al. B. L. Giles, D. C. Delcourt, J. L. Horwitz, and C. J. Pollock. 2001. Ring currents and internal plasma sources SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 95 555-568 [10.1023/A:1005264907107]
Collier, M. R., T. E. Moore, K. W. Ogilvie, et al. D. Chornay, J. W. Keller, S. Boardsen, J. Burch, B. El Marji, M. C. Fok, S. A. Fuselier, A. G. Ghielmetti, B. L. Giles, D. C. Hamilton, B. L. Peko, J. M. Quinn, E. C. Roelof, T. M. Stephen, G. R. Wilson, and P. Wurz. 2001. Observations of neutral atoms from the solar wind Journal of Geophysical Research 106 (A11): 24,893-24,906 [10.1029/2000JA000382]
Fok, M. C., T. E. Moore, and W. N. Spjeldvik. 2001. Rapid enhancement of radiation belt electron fluxes due to substorm dipolarization of the geomagnetic field J Geophys Res 106 3873-3881 [10.1029/2000JA000150]
Perez, J. D., M. C. Fok, and T. E. Moore. 2000. Deconvolution of energetic neutral atom images of the Earth's magnetosphere SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 91 421-436 [10.1023/A:1005277307611]
Moore, T. E., B. L. Giles, D. C. Delcourt, and M. C. Fok. 2000. The plasma sheet source groove Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 62 (6): 505-512 [10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00014-6]
Perez, J. D., M. C. Fok, and T. E. Moore. 2000. Imaging a geomagnetic storm with energetic neutral atoms JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 62 911-917 [10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00037-7]
Delcourt, D. C., T. E. Moore, B. L. Giles, and M. C. Fok. 2000. Quantitative modeling of modulated ion injections observed by Polar-Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment in the cusp region JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS 105 25191-25203 [10.1029/2000JA000034]
Fok, M. C., T. E. Moore, and D. C. Delcourt. 1999. Modeling of inner plasma sheet and ring current during substorms J Geophys Res 104 14557-14569 [10.1029/1999JA900014]
Green, J. L., S. F. Fung, D. L. Gallagher, et al. M. C. Fok, G. R. Wilson, G. R. Gladstone, J. D. Perez, P. H. Reiff, J. L. Burch, and T. E. Moore. 1998. Global-scale imaging: New approaches in magnetospheric research MAGNETOSPHERIC RESEARCH WITH ADVANCED TECHNIQUES 9 41-50
Fok, M.-C., and T. E. Moore. 1998. Drift-shell splitting in an asymmetric magnetic field in Geospace Mass and Energy Flow: Results From the ISTP Program Geophys Monogr Ser; edited by J L Horwitz et al; AGU - Washington D C 104 327-331 [10.1029/GM104p0327]
Fok, M.-C., and T. E. Moore. 1997. Ring current modeling in a realistic magnetic field configuration Geophys Res Lett 24 1775-1778 [10.1029/97GL01255]
Fok, M.-C., T. E. Moore, and M. E. Greenspan. 1996. Ring current development during storm main phase J Geophys Res 101 15,311-15,322 [10.1029/96JA01274]
Fok, M.-C., T. E. Moore, J. U. Kozyra, G. C. Ho, and D. C. Hamilton. 1995. Three-dimensional ring current decay model J Geophys Res 100 9619-9632 [10.1029/94JA03029]
Fok, M.-C., P. D. Craven, T. E. Moore, and P. G. Richards. 1995. Ring current - plasmasphere coupling through Coulomb collisions - in Cross-Scale Coupling in Space Plasmas Geophys Monogr Ser - edited by J L Horwitz; N Singh; and J L Burch; AGU - Washington D. C. 93 161-171 [10.1029/GM093p0161]
Fok, M.-C., J. U. Kozyra, A. F. Nagy, C. E. Rasmussen, and G. V. Khazanov. 1993. Decay of equatorial ring current ions and associated aeronomical consequences J Geophys Res 98 19,381-19,393 [10.1029/93JA01848]
Fok, M. C., J. U. Kozyra, A. F. Nagy, and T. E. Cravens. 1991. Lifetime of ring current particles due to Coulomb collisions in the plasmasphere J Geophys Res 96 7861 [10.1029/90JA02620]