Reconstructed Phase Space Orbits

FP2

FP1

I = ASM Rate R,

dI/dt=Ri � R i-1�

Phase-space evolution similar to many nonlinear dynamical systems, and markedly dissimilar to random (or periodic) behavior. Note suggestion of two unstable fixed points in the flow (FPi).

Canonical nonlinear dynamical systems in phase space: far left: Duffing oscillator, middle and right: two views of Lorenz attractor