Sciences and Exploration Directorate

Brief Bio


Walt Meier is a research scientist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory. His research focuses on remote sensing of sea ice, development of new sea ice products and sea ice climate data records, and analyzing changes in the Arctic sea ice cover. He has been principal investigator on a project to create a sea ice climate data record. From 2008-2013, he was the principal investigator for the NASA-funded NSIDC Arctic Sea Ice News and Analysis project, a widely-used resource providing near-real-time analysis of sea ice conditions. Walt was a coordinating lead author for the Arctic Council's "Snow, Water, Ice, and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) Assessment Report", published in Fall 2011. He has contributed to the NOAA State of the Climate reports, the EPA Climate Indicators, and several NASA Earth Observatory features. He served as a consultant on the "A Tour of the Cryosphere" DVD produced by the NASA Scientific Visualization Studio. He has served on numerous international and national committees on sea ice, Arctic climate, and climate data. Finally, he has participated in several outreach activities including: teacher workshops, public lectures, and interviews with media.

Research Interests


Remote sensing of sea ice

Earth Science: Remote Sensing

Investigate various remote sensing methods for sea ice parameters, including concentration, motion, age/type, and thickness. Develop new methods for improved data and combined data products.


Passive microwave remote sensing

Earth Science: Sea Ice

Update and improve long-term record of sea ice concentration and extent. Create and enhance climate data record of sea ice that meets standards for documentation and provenance. Develop products for new sensors and create enhanced fields that include uncertainty estimates.


Arctic sea ice and climate interactions

Earth Science: Sea Ice

Use satellite data to investigate interaction of sea ice and Arctic climate. Develop and provide sea ice products that will improve synoptic and season ice forecasting capabilities. 

Current Projects


Improved estimates of the seasonal and inter annual evolution of Arctic sea ice age through tracking of sea ice parcels

Sea Ice

Sea ice motion tracked by remote sensing and autonomous buoys can be used to advect important surface and atmospheric properties to better account for the dynamical contribution to the seasonal evolution of the ice cover. Melt onset, thickness, temperature are tracked through the summer melt season to assess how dynamics affects the processes. 


Climate indicators to track the seasonal evolution of the Arctic sea ice cover to support stakeholders

Sea Ice

New remote-sensing based sea ice climate indicators are being developed to extend and enhance current common indicators such as sea ice extent. The new indicators will provide a different way of assessing Arctic change and will be relevant to stakeholder interests.


Enhancing the utility of the AMSR-E NASA Team 2 sea ice concentration product with uncertainty and variability estimates

Remote Sensing

The uncertainty estimates previously developed for AMSR-E sea ice concentration will be validated and calibrated via comparison with other satellite products. These validated uncertainties will provided improved fields in the AMSR-E and AMSR sea ice products.


Towards a network for Arctic sea ice prediction

Sea Ice

A multi-agency (ONR, NSF, NASA) project to coordinate sea ice prediction efforts, including the annual SEARCH Sea Ice Outlook. The project will improve access to useful data sets for prediction and coordinate modeling activities, including forecast assessments and development of metrics.


Sea ice concentration climate data record sustainment, enhancement and production of value-added products through the Sea Ice Index

Sea Ice

Work with the National Snow and Ice Data Center to extend and update the NOAA/NSIDC sea ice climate data record. A major part of the effort will be to create a near-real-time version of the product to support NSIDC and NOAA's analysis activities.


Forecasting future sea ice conditions in the marginal ice zone: a Lagrangian approach

Sea Ice

A project supported by the Office of Naval Research to use sea ice drift observations to track sources and sinks of sea ice and compare with climate models. Such comparisons will provide valuable information in supporting U.S. Navy and other activities in the Arctic and the comparison with the models will yield improved understanding of the future evolution of the ice cover.


Tracking and predicting fine scale sea ice motion by constructing super-resolution images and fusing multiple satellite sensors

Remote Sensing

Use resolution enhancement techniques to create high spatial resolution sea ice motion fields from multiple satellite sources. These will be able to track fine-scale features of the sea ice, such as lead formation and ridging.


Aqua AMSR-E sea ice ice algorithm existing data products: Maintenance and minor refinement

Sea Ice

 The current AMSR-E sea ice products will be updated with refinements to add concentration uncertainty estimates and improve snow depth estimates.


Assess the magnitude of change in the Arctic using multi sensor satellite data

Remote Sensing

 Several data products will be combined to create a suite of cryospheric products over sea ice and Greenbelt to estimate sea ice concentration, ice surface temperature and albedo, Greenland temperature and albedo.


Operationally merged satellite visible/IR and passive microwave sea ice information for improved sea ice forecasts and ship routing

Sea Ice

 A collaboration with the Naval Research Lab in Stennis, Mississippi to combine passive microwave and visible/infrared data to create improved ice concentration fields to initialize the NRL's sea ice forecast model.

Positions/Employment


Research scientist

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Cryospheric Sciences Lab - Greenbelt, MD

August 2013 - Present

 


Research scientist

National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado - Boulder, CO

August 2003 - August 2013

 


Adjunct Assistant Professor

U.S. Naval Academy - Annapolis, MD

August 2001 - August 2003

 


Visiting scientist

U.S. National Ice Center - Suitland, MD

February 1999 - August 2001

 

Teaching Experience


At the U.S. Naval Academy, taught upper-level undergraduate courses in Environmental Remote Sensing of and Polar Oceanography and Meteorology.

Guest lecturer at University of Colorado for classes in Energy Fundamentals and Topics in Physical Geography.

Guest lecturer at Metro State University of Denver for a course in Climate and Meteorology.

Education


Ph.D., 1998, University of Colorado, Boulder, Aerospace Engineering Sciences, Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences

M.S., 1992, University of Colorado, Boulder, Aerospace Engineering Sciences

B.S., 1991, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Aerospace Engineering

Professional Societies


American Geophysical Union

1999 - Present

Professional Service


WCRP Climate and Cryosphere Sea Ice Working Group, 2009-present
WCRP World Data Advisory Committee, 2012-present
International Arctic Science Committee Cryosphere Workng Group Vice-Chair, 2011-present
Arctic Council AMAP Snow, Water, Ice, and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) assessment report, coordinating lead author, 2009-2012
National Snow and Ice Data Center DAAC User Working Group, 2013-present
Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) Integration Teams, 2013-present
Submarice Arctic Science Program (SCICEX) Science Advisory Committee, 2013-present

Awards


International Data Rescue Award, December 2013
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences Outstanding Performance Award, May 2013

Selected Publications


Refereed

2017. "Comparison of Passive Microwave-Derived Early Melt Onset Records on Arctic Sea Ice." Remote Sensing 9 (3): 199 [10.3390/rs9030199] [Journal Article/Letter]

2016. "A review of recent changes in Southern Ocean sea ice, their drivers and forcings." Global and Planetary Change 143 228-250 [10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.06.008] [Journal Article/Letter]

2015. "Improving Arctic sea ice edge forecasts by assimilating high horizontal resolution sea ice concentration data into the US Navy’s ice forecast systems." The Cryosphere 9 (4): 1735-1745 [Full Text] [10.5194/tc-9-1735-2015] [Journal Article/Letter]

2015. "The process of bringing dark data to light: The rescue of the early Nimbus satellite data." GeoResJ 6 124-134 [10.1016/j.grj.2015.02.013] [Journal Article/Letter]

2015. "Remote sensing of sea ice." Tedesco/Remote Sensing of the Cryosphere 248-272 [10.1002/9781118368909.ch11] [Article in Book]

2015. "How do sea-ice concentrations from operational data compare with passive microwave estimates? Implications for improved model evaluations and forecasting." Annals of Glaciology 56 (69): 332-340 [10.3189/2015AoG69A694] [Journal Article/Letter]

2014. "Arctic sea ice in transformation: A review of recent observed changes and impacts on biology and human activity." Reviews of Geophysics 52 (3): 185-217 [10.1002/2013RG000431] [Journal Article/Letter]

2014. "A spurious jump in the satellite record: has Antarctic sea ice expansion been overestimated?." The Cryosphere 8 (4): 1289-1296 [Full Text] [10.5194/tc-8-1289-2014] [Journal Article/Letter]

2014. "Anomalous Variability in Antarctic Sea Ice Extents During the 1960s With the Use of Nimbus Data." IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing 7 (3): 881-887 [10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2264391] [Journal Article/Letter]

2013. "New estimates of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent from recovered Nimbus I satellite imagery." The Cryosphere 7 699-705 [Full Text] [Journal Article/Letter]

2013. "Computing and Representing Sea Ice Trends: Toward a Community Consensus." Eos Trans. AGU 94 (40): 352 [10.1002/2013EO400006] [Journal Article/Letter]

2013. "A long-term and reproducible passive microwave sea ice concentration data record for climate studies and monitoring." Earth System Science Data 5 (2): 311-318 [10.5194/essd-5-311-2013] [Journal Article/Letter]

2012. "A simple approach to providing a more consistent Arctic sea ice extent timeseries from the 1950s to present." The Cryosphere 6 1359-1368 [Full Text] [doi:10.5194/tc-6-1359-2012] [Journal Article/Letter]

2011. "Intersensor calibration between F-13 SSM/I and F-17 SSMIS near-real-time sea ice estimates." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 49 (9): 3343-3349 [10.1109/TGRS.2011.2117433] [Journal Article/Letter]

2011. "Sea Ice." Snow, Water, Ice, and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) Assessment Report [Full Text] [Journal Article/Letter]

2008. "Sea ice cover in State of the Climate in 2007." Special Supplement to the Bull. Amer. Met. Soc 7 (89): 90-94 [Journal Article/Letter]

2007. "Whither Arctic sea ice? A clear signal of decline regionally, seasonally and extending beyond the satellite record." Annals of Glaciology 46 428-434 [10.3189/172756407782871170] [Journal Article/Letter]

2006. "Recent changes in the Arctic melt season." Annals of Glaciology 44 (1): 367-374 [10.3189/172756406781811583] [Journal Article/Letter]

Talks, Presentations and Posters


Invited

Everything you wanted to know about sea ice remote sensing (but were afraid to ask) - abridged version

June 27, 2016

An overview of the current state of sea ice remote sensing, including limitations, estimates of uncertainty, and implications for combining remote sensing data with models and in situ data.


New satellite-derived observational sea ice concentration adn extent products for modeling

December 6, 2015

Sea ice products are discussed in the context of use with sea ice and ocean models.


Passive microwave sea ice: NASA perspectives and activities

April 17, 2015

NASA sea ice remote sensing projects are presented, including new sea ice concentration and thickness products.


Trends and variability in the distribution of Arctic sea ice extent and age in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas

2014

Presented at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA


New Visions of the Earth: A revolution in how humans view their world

May 11, 2014

Keynote Address at the 59th Annual Colorado Science and Engineering Fair, Fort Collins, CO


Other

Development of a prototype operational NOAA sea ice concentration product from AMSR2

2014

Presented at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA


The role of ice age distribution in the trends and variability of summer sea ice extent in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas

April 10, 2014

Presented at the International Glaciological Society Symposium on Sea Ice in a Changing Environment in Hobart, Australia


How do sea-ice concentrations from operational data compare with passive microwave estimates? Implications for improved model evaluation and forecasting

April 14, 2014

Presented at the International Glaciological Society Symposium on Sea Ice in a Changing Environment in Hobart, Australia


Selected Public Outreach


Arctic Live Shots March 2016

April 2016 - Present

Live interviews with media near time of the Arctic maximum sea ice extent


Arctic Live Shots August 2013

September 2013 - Present

Live interviews during summer Arctic sea ice melt season


Arctic Live Shots August 2014

September 2014 - Present

Live media interviews on Arctic summer sea ice.


Arctic Alerts

August 2016 - Present

Panelist on media roundtable to discuss record conditions in the Arctic during the first six months of 2016.


NASA global temperature and Arctic sea ice media telecon

August 2016 - Present

Media telecon to announce that the first six months of 2016 were the warmest on record and had the lowest sea ice. Also, summer IceBridge flights over Arctic sea ice were discussed.


Viewing sea ice change from a distance

May 2016 - Present

Guest lecture in remote sensing class at University of Maryland, Baltimore County.